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→Name: Add Wiktionary links. Fix language of two of them. Use {{gloss}}. |
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[[File:Inuksukjuaq Foxe-PI 2002-07-26.jpg|thumb|An inuksuk at the [[Foxe Peninsula]], [[Nunavut]], Canada]]
An '''inuksuk''' (plural '''inuksuit''')<ref name="inudict">{{cite book |last=Spalding |first=Alex |author2=Thomas Kusugak |date=1998 |title=Inuktitut: A Multi-dialectal Outline Dictionary |publisher=Nunavut Arctic College |isbn=978-1-896204-29-1 }}</ref> or '''inukshuk'''<ref name="livingdict">{{cite web |url=http://www.livingdictionary.com/term/viewTerm.jsp?term=52780539622 |title=Inukshuk |work=Asuilaak Living Dictionary |access-date=2007-02-16 }}{{Dead link|date=February 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> (from the {{lang-iu|ᐃᓄᒃᓱᒃ}}, plural {{lang|iu|ᐃᓄᒃᓱᐃᑦ}}; alternatively '''{{lang|ikt|inukhuk}}''' in [[Inuinnaqtun]],<ref name=translate>{{cite book |last=Ohokak |first=G. |author2=M. Kadlun |author3=B. Harnum |title=Inuinnaqtun–English Dictionary |publisher=Kitikmeot Heritage Society |url=http://nbes.ca/2014/03/27/inuinnaqtun-to-english-dictionary/ |access-date=2014-12-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402193115/http://nbes.ca/2014/03/27/inuinnaqtun-to-english-dictionary/ |archive-date=2015-04-02 |url-status=dead }}</ref> '''{{lang|ik|iñuksuk}}''' in [[Inupiaq language|Iñupiaq]], '''{{lang|kl|inussuk}}''' in [[Greenlandic language|Greenlandic]]) is a type of stone [[landmark]] or [[cairn]] built by, and for the use of, [[Inuit]], [[Iñupiat]], [[Kalaallit]], [[Yupik peoples|Yupik]], and other peoples of the [[Arctic]] region of North America. These structures are found in [[northern Canada]], [[Greenland]], and [[Alaska]] (United States). This combined region, north of the [[Arctic Circle]], is dominated by the [[tundra]] [[biome]] and has areas with few natural landmarks.
The inuksuk may historically have been used
Historically, the most common types of inuksuit are built with stone placed upon stone. The simplest type is a single stone positioned in an upright manner.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |last=Hallendy |first=Norman |title=Inuksuk (Inukshuk) |
At [[Inuksuk Point]] (Enukso Point) on [[Baffin Island]], there are more than 100 inuksuit. The site was designated a [[National Historic Sites of Canada|National Historic Site of Canada]] in 1969.<ref name=DFHD>{{cite web|url=https://www.pc.gc.ca/apps/dfhd/page_nhs_eng.aspx?id=322 |title=Inuksuk National Historic Site of Canada|publisher=Directory of Federal Heritage Designations, [[Parks Canada]]|access-date=22 July 2021}}</ref><ref>{{CRHP|18947|Inuksuk National Historic Site of Canada}}</ref>
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[[File:Inuksugalait Foxe-PI 2002-07-26.jpg|thumb|left|Inuksuit at the [[Foxe Peninsula]] ([[Baffin Island]]), Canada.]]
The word {{wikt-lang|iu-Latn|inuksuk}} means "that which acts in the capacity of a human".<ref>{{Cite book |title=Tukiliit: An introduction to inuksuit and other stone figures of the North |last=Hallendy |first=Norman |publisher=Douglas & McIntyre and University of Alaska Press |date=2009 |isbn=9781553654247 |location=Vancouver, British Columbia |pages=60 }}</ref> The word comes from the morphemes {{wikt-lang|iu-Latn|inuk}} (
While the predominant English spelling is {{wikt-lang|
A structure similar to an inuksuk is called an {{lang|iu-Latn|inunnguaq}} ({{lang|iu|ᐃᓄᙳᐊᖅ}},
[[Hammer of Thor (monument)|The Hammer of Thor]], located on the [[Ungava Peninsula]], [[Quebec]] may be an inuksuk.{{citation needed|date=January 2013}}
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Inuksuit continue to serve as an Inuit cultural symbol. An inuksuk is the centrepiece of the [[Flag of Nunavut|flag]] and [[Coat of arms of Nunavut|coat of arms]] of the [[Provinces and territories of Canada|Canadian territory]] of Nunavut, and the [[flag of Nunatsiavut]]. The [[Inuksuk High School]] in [[Iqaluit]] is named after the landmark.
Inuksuit{{emdash}}particularly, but not exclusively, of the {{lang|iu|inunnguaq}} variety{{emdash}}are also increasingly serving as a mainstream Canadian [[national symbol]]. In 1999, Inukshuk was the name for the International Arctic Art & Music Project of [[Arbos – Company for Music and Theatre|ARBOS]] in the Canadian provinces of Quebec, Ontario, Nunavik,{{Clarify|reason=Nunavik is in Quebec and is not a province of its own.|date=February 2024}} and Nunavut; and in Greenland, Austria, Denmark and Norway.<ref>''Inukshuk – The Arctic Art & Music Project of ARBOS'', Edition Selene, Vienna, 1999. {{ISBN|3-85266-126-9}}</ref>
On July 13, 2005, Canadian military personnel erected an inuksuk on [[Hans Island]], along with a plaque and a [[Flag of Canada|Canadian flag]], as part of Canada's longstanding dispute with Denmark over the small Arctic island.<ref>Press release from the Government of Canada, Foreign Affairs and International Trade. [http://
An {{lang|iu|inunnguaq}} is the basis of the logo of the [[2010 Winter Olympics]] designed by [[Vancouver]] artist Elena Rivera MacGregor. Its use in this context has been controversial among the Inuit, and the [[First Nations in Canada|First Nations]] within [[British Columbia]]. Although the design has been questioned, people believe it pays tribute to Alvin Kanak's [[Inukshuk (Kanak)|1986 inuksuk]] at [[English Bay (Vancouver)|English Bay]]. Friendship and the welcoming of the world are the meanings of both the English Bay structure and the 2010 Winter Olympics emblem.<ref>{{
[[File:All Your Base Are Belong to Ilanaaq (10615471).jpg|thumb|left|Unveiling ceremony of the 2010 Olympic Winter Games emblem, "Ilanaaq the inukshuk", April 24, 2005]]
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According to ''[[Guinness World Records]]'', the tallest inuksuk is in [[Schomberg, Ontario]], Canada. Built in 2007, it is {{convert|11.377|m}} tall.<ref name=guinness>{{cite web |title=Tallest Inukshuk |url=http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/5000/tallest-inukshuk |publisher=Guinness World Records |access-date=1 January 2013 }}</ref>
On the occasion of the 20th Anniversary of the [[Rome Statute]], to mark Canada's support for the [[International Criminal Court]] (ICC)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.international.gc.ca/court-cour/index.aspx?lang=eng |title=''Canada and the International Criminal Court'' |access-date=2018-03-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180330212704/http://www.international.gc.ca/court-cour/index.aspx?lang=eng |archive-date=2018-03-30 |url-status=dead }}</ref> and as a symbol for its commitment to reconciliation with Canada's [[First Nations in Canada|First Nations]]{{citation needed|date=November 2018}}, Canadian Minister of Justice and Attorney General [[Jody Wilson-Raybould|Wilson-Raybould]] on 7 March 2018 donated an inuksuk as a gift to the ICC. It was unveiled by her and ICC President Judge [[Silvia Fernández de Gurmendi]] at the ICC premises in [[The Hague]].<ref>
==In popular culture==
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==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Inuksuit marking Canada's building site at Auroville, Tamil Nadu, India.jpg|
File:Inukshuk Park 05.jpg|This sculpture is situated in the western part of [[Toronto]] near [[Lake Ontario]]
File:Inukshuk Sunset Kuujjuaraapik January.jpg|Inuksuk in the vicinity of [[Kuujjuarapik]], Quebec
File:Inuksuk_Gardens_Peggys_Cove.jpg|Inuksuk gardens at [[Peggy's Cove, Nova Scotia]], Canada
File:Inuksuk in Quebec City.jpg|An inuksuk on the grounds of the [[National Assembly of Quebec|National Assembly]], [[Quebec City]]
File:Inuksuit in Auyuittuq, Nunavut.jpg|Inuksuit in [[Auyuittuq National Park]], [[Baffin Island]], [[Nunavut]], Canada
File:InuksukOsoyoos2.jpg|Inuksuk on the shore of
▲File:InuksukOsoyoos2.jpg|Inuksuk on shore of Sẁiẁs Provincial Park, Osoyoos Lake, British Columbia
File:Inukshuk, Canadian Embassy, Washington.jpg|Inuksuk sculpture by [[David Ruben Piqtoukun]] in the lobby, [[Canadian Embassy, Washington, D.C.]]
File:Small Inukshuk.jpg|Very small Inuksuk in [[Drumheller]], Alberta
File:KandaharInuksuk.jpg
</gallery>
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==Further reading==
* {{cite news |title=Vancouver Olympic emblem comes under fire |work=CBC News |date=April 26, 2005 |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/vancouver-olympic-emblem-comes-under-fire-1.557252}}
* {{cite journal |first=Nelson |last=Graburn |url=http://www.erudit.org/revue/etudinuit/2004/v28/n1/012640ar.html |title=Inuksuk: Icon of the Inuit of Nunavut |journal=Études/Inuit/Studies |volume=28 |issue=1 |date=2004 |pages=69–82 |doi=10.7202/012640ar|s2cid=194117083 }}
* {{cite journal |first=Scott |last=Heyes |url=http://www.erudit.org/revue/etudinuit/2002/v26/n2/007648ar.html |title=Protecting the authenticity and integrity of inuksuit within the arctic milieu |journal=Études/Inuit/Studies |volume=26 |issue=2 |date=2002 |pages=133–156 |doi=10.7202/007648ar|s2cid=190698081 }}
* {{cite magazine |last=Irnig |first=Peter |author-link=Peter Irniq |title=The Ancestral Inuksuk |
==External links==
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[[Category:Types of monuments and memorials]]
[[Category:Inuit culture]]
[[Category:
[[Category:Outdoor sculptures in Canada]]
[[Category:Territorial symbols of Nunavut]]
[[Category:Sacred rocks]]
[[Category:Navigational markers]]
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