Wikipedia

Nuclear Threat Initiative: Difference between revisions

Browse history interactively
← Previous edit
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
No edit summary
Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit Advanced mobile edit
GreenC bot (talk | contribs)
Bots
2,315,068 edits
Rescued 1 archive link; Move 1 url. Wayback Medic 2.5 per WP:URLREQ#cc.com
 
(28 intermediate revisions by 16 users not shown)
Line 1:
{{Short description|American foreign policy think tank}}
{{Redirect|NTI}}
 
{{Multiple issues|
{{More citations needed|date=December 2021}}
{{POV|date=January 2021}}
}}
{{Infobox organization
|name = Nuclear Threat Initiative
Line 23 ⟶ 20:
|website = {{URL|https://www.nti.org/}}
}}
The '''Nuclear Threat Initiative''', generally referred to as ('''NTI'''), is a nonpartisannon-profit organization located in Washington, nonprofitD.C. organizationThe American foreign policy think tank was founded in 2001 by former U.S. Senator [[Sam Nunn]] and philanthropist [[Ted Turner]] inand thedescribes [[Uniteditself States]],as whicha works"nonprofit, tononpartisan preventglobal catastrophicsecurity attacksorganization andfocused accidentson withreducing [[weapons of mass destruction]]nuclear and disruption &ndash; especially [[nuclear weapon|nuclear]], [[biological weapon|biological]],threats [[Radiologicalimperiling warfare|radiological]], [[chemical weapon|chemical]], and [[Cyberwarfare|cybersecurity]]humanity."<ref name="About NTI">{{Cite web |title=About NTI |url=httphttps://www.nti.org/about/ |titleaccess-date=Learn2022-07-05 About NTI & Preventing Nuclear Dangers {{!}}|website=The Nuclear Threat Initiative {{!}} NTI|websitelanguage=www.nti.org|access-date=2018-03-19en}}</ref>
 
NTI has four policy programs: the Global Nuclear Policy Program, Nuclear Materials Security, Scientific and Technical Affairs, and Global Biological Policy and Programs (stylized as NTI | bio).<ref>{{Cite web |title=NTI Programs and Projects |url=https://www.nti.org/about/programs-projects/ |access-date=2022-07-05 |website=The Nuclear Threat Initiative |language=en}}</ref>
 
==Mission==
NTI's self-described mission is "to transform global security by driving systemic solutions to nuclear and biological threats imperiling humanity."<ref name="About NTI"/>
NTI has been engaged in developing, shaping, and implementing [[nuclear security]] projects.{{citation needed|date=November 2017}} In addition to building global awareness, NTI engages in model programs to inspire private and governmental efforts toward nuclear, biological, and chemical threat reduction.{{citation needed|date=November 2017}}
 
==History==
NTI was founded in 2001 by former U.S. Senator Sam Nunn and philanthropist [[Ted Turner]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nuclear Threat Initiative |url=https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/government-politics/nuclear-threat-initiative/ |access-date=2022-07-05 |website=New Georgia Encyclopedia |language=en-US}}</ref> The launch event was held at the [[National Press Club (United States)|National Press Club]] on January 8, 2001.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nunn |first=Sam |last2=Turner |first2=R. E. |title=2001 Annual Report |url=https://media.nti.org/pdfs/annual_report_2001.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220608155129/https://media.nti.org/pdfs/annual_report_2001.pdf |archive-date=2022-06-08 |access-date=2023-02-24 |website=Nuclear Threat Initiative}}</ref> An event celebrating NTI's 20th anniversary was held on April 12, 2022, with a one-year delay due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=NTI Celebrates 20 Years of Working to Build a Safer World |url=https://www.nti.org/news/nti-celebrates-20-years-of-working-to-build-a-safer-world/ |access-date=2022-07-05 |website=The Nuclear Threat Initiative |language=en}}</ref>
NTI was founded in 2001 by former U.S. Senator Sam Nunn and philanthropist Ted Turner. It serves as the Secretariat for the "Nuclear Security Project", in cooperation with the [[Hoover Institution]] at Stanford. Former Secretary of State [[George P. Shultz]], former Secretary of Defense [[William J. Perry]], former Secretary of State [[Henry A. Kissinger]] and [[Sam Nunn|Nunn]] (the "four horsemen of the nuclear apocalypse")<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-02-07|title=Remembering George Shultz: an interview with a key figure in ending the Cold War|url=https://thebulletin.org/2021/02/remembering-george-shultz-an-interview-with-a-key-figure-in-ending-the-cold-war/|access-date=2021-02-27|website=Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Harrell|first=Eben|date=2011-03-10|title=The Four Horsemen of the Nuclear Apocalypse|language=en-US|work=Time|url=https://science.time.com/2011/03/10/the-four-horsemen-of-the-nuclear-apocolypse/|access-date=2021-02-27|issn=0040-781X}}</ref> guide the project—an effort to encourage global action to reduce urgent nuclear dangers and build support for reducing reliance on nuclear weapons, ultimately ending them as a threat to the world.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Nunn|first=George P. Shultz, William J. Perry, Henry A. Kissinger and Sam|date=2007-01-04|title=A World Free of Nuclear Weapons|language=en-US|work=Wall Street Journal|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB116787515251566636|access-date=2021-02-27|issn=0099-9660}}</ref>
 
==Work==
The organization produced the 2005 film, ''[[Last Best Chance]]'', which aired on HBO, and the 2010 documentary film ''[[Nuclear Tipping Point]],'' which [[Barack Obama|President Obama]] screened at the [[White House]] in April 2010.<ref>{{cite web |access-date=2010-06-10 |url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=123012569&sc=emaf |title=Documentary Advances Nuclear Free Movement |publisher=NPR }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nti.org/newsroom/news/white-house-screening-nuclear-tipping-point/|title=White House Hosts Screening of Nuclear Tipping Point {{!}} NTI News White House Hosts Screening of Nuclear Tipping Point |website=www.nti.org|access-date=2016-07-18}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last=Michael McIntee|title="The Nuclear Tipping Point" Screens At White House|date=2010-04-09|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6AG8ottXd_M |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211213/6AG8ottXd_M |archive-date=2021-12-13 |url-status=live|access-date=2016-07-18}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
 
=== Low-enriched uranium bank ===
In 2008, NTI helped create the [[World Institute for Nuclear Security]] (WINS), in Vienna, as part of its focus to secure nuclear materials worldwide.{{citation needed|date=November 2017}} UN Security Council Resolution 1887 supported the WINS mission, calling for states to "share best practices with a view to improved safety standards and nuclear security practices and raise standards of nuclear security to reduce the risk of nuclear terrorism."<ref>{{cite web|date=September 24, 2009|title=United Nations Security Council Resolution 1887|url=http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N09/523/74/PDF/N0952374.pdf?OpenElement|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120907010950/http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N09/523/74/PDF/N0952374.pdf?OpenElement|archive-date=September 7, 2012|access-date=2011-06-09|publisher=[[The United Nations]]}}</ref> Today, the organization has more than 3,800 members from 118 countries.<ref>{{cite web|title=Wins Members - Members|url=https://www.wins.org/index.php?article_id=53|work=wins.org}}</ref> ''[[The Economist]]'' wrote, "WINS is a place where, for the first time, those with the practical responsibility for looking after nuclear materials—governments, power plant operators, laboratories, universities—can meet to swap ideas and develop best practices."<ref>{{cite web|date=October 2, 2008|title=Who wins, nukes|url=http://www.economist.com/node/12339535|access-date=2011-06-09|publisher=[[The Economist]]}}</ref>
NTI supported the development of an international low-enriched uranium bank to help prevent the proliferation of nuclear technology.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last1=Filipov |first1=David |last2=Warrick |first2=Joby |date=2017-08-29 |title=A uranium bank just opened in Kazakhstan to stop the spread of nukes |language=en-US |newspaper=Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/a-uranium-bank-just-opened-in-kazakhstan-to-stop-the-spread-of-nukes/2017/08/29/fd19fc9a-8c63-11e7-a2b0-e68cbf0b1f19_story.html |access-date=2022-07-05 |issn=0190-8286}}</ref> NTI advisor [[Warren Buffett]] provided $50 million to jump-start the reserve, which is owned and managed by the [[International Atomic Energy Agency]] and located in Kazakhstan.<ref name=":0" /> The bank became fully operational in October 2019 after receiving its first shipment of uranium.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-10-17 |title=IAEA LEU Bank Becomes Operational with Delivery of Low Enriched Uranium |url=https://www.iaea.org/newscenter/pressreleases/iaea-leu-bank-becomes-operational-with-delivery-of-low-enriched-uranium |access-date=2022-07-05 |website=www.iaea.org |language=en}}</ref>
 
=== Highly enriched uranium elimination ===
NTI supported the development of an international low-enriched uranium bank to back up the marketplace and prevent the proliferation of nuclear technology by ensuring that countries will have access to the fuel needed for peaceful purposes.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Reuters Staff|date=2017-08-29|title=U.N. nuclear watchdog opens uranium bank in Kazakhstan|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-nuclear-kazakhstan-bank-idUSKCN1B917V|access-date=2021-02-24}}</ref> NTI advisor [[Warren Buffett]] provided $50 million to jump-start the reserve, which will be owned and managed by the [[International Atomic Energy Agency]] and located in Kazakhstan.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Warren Buffett Backs Nuclear Fuel Bank In Kazakhstan|url=https://www.npr.org/2017/08/29/547099597/warren-buffett-backs-nuclear-fuel-bank-in-kazakhstan|access-date=2021-02-24|website=NPR.org|language=en}}</ref>
 
==== Serbia ====
NTI produces a biennial "Nuclear Security Index" in partnership with the [[Economist Intelligence Unit]].{{citation needed|date=November 2017}} The "NTI Index" benchmarks nuclear security conditions across 176 countries and holds governments accountable for properly securing dangerous nuclear materials.{{citation needed|date=November 2017}} According to NTI, The NTI Index, now{{when|date=November 2017}} in its 3rd edition, is the premiere resource for political leaders, government officials, experts, academics, and the news media worldwide on nuclear materials security.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ntiindex.org/|title=NTI Nuclear Materials Security Index|website=Nuclear Threat Initiative|language=en-US|access-date=2016-07-18}}</ref>
In 2002, NTI provided much of the financial support for a joint US-Russian mission to remove 100 pounds of [[Highly Enriched Uranium|highly enriched uranium]] from the [[Vinča Nuclear Institute]] in [[Serbia]], to be flown to [[Russia]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |last=Warrick |first=Joby |date=August 23, 2002 |title=Risky Stash of Uranium Secured |newspaper=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/2002/08/23/risky-stash-of-uranium-secured/654a61e6-4157-4c4e-a8be-88c29d435ef3/}}</ref>
 
==== Kazakhstan ====
NTI has developed and released recommendations on securing and eliminating radiological sources used and stored at thousands of sites across more than 100 countries.{{citation needed|date=November 2017}} These sources can be used by terrorists to build radiological "dirty bombs" that would incite mass panic, deny access, require extensive and expensive decontamination and have serious economic consequences. Many of these sources, which are used in industry and health-care settings, have minimal or no physical protection—and technological advances have made it possible to replace many of these sources with safer, effective alternatives.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nti.org/about/radiological/|title=Radiological {{!}} NTI|website=www.nti.org|access-date=2016-07-18}}</ref>
NTI provided technical and financial support to help convert 2,900 kilograms of highly enriched uranium to low-enriched uranium in Kazakhstan in 2005.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Czech Uranium Removed {{!}} Arms Control Association |url=https://www.armscontrol.org/act/2005-11/czech-uranium-removed |access-date=2022-07-05 |website=www.armscontrol.org}}</ref> The organization committed $1.3 million for reactor safety systems.<ref name=":1" />
 
=== Nuclear Security Index ===
NTI has received international recognition for work to improve biosecurity, primarily through creating [[disease surveillance]] networks.{{citation needed|date=November 2017}} Whether a biological threat is natural or intentional, disease surveillance is a key step in rapid detection and response. Because the response of a health system in one country could have a direct and immediate impact on a neighboring country, or even continent, NTI developed projects that foster cooperation among public health officials across political and geographic boundaries. {{citation needed|date=November 2017}}
NTI has produced a biennial "Nuclear Security Index" in partnership with [[Economist Intelligence Unit|Economist Impact]] since 2012.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Nuclear security is improving almost everywhere |newspaper=The Economist |url=https://www.economist.com/graphic-detail/2018/09/06/nuclear-security-is-improving-almost-everywhere |access-date=2022-07-05 |issn=0013-0613}}</ref> The "NTI Index" benchmarks nuclear security conditions across 176 countries.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=About the Index |url=https://www.ntiindex.org/about-the-nti-index/ |access-date=2022-07-05 |website=NTI Nuclear Security Index |language=en-US}}</ref>
 
As part of the Index, NTI also develops and releases a Radioactive Source Security Assessment that includes recommendations on securing and eliminating radiological sources used and stored at thousands of sites across more than 100 countries.<ref name=":2" />
In 2003, NTI created the Middle East Consortium for Infectious Disease Surveillance (MECIDS) with participation from [[Israel]], [[Jordan]], and the [[Palestinian Authority]]. MECIDS continues to share official health data and conduct infectious disease prevention training.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Torjesen|first=Ingrid|date=2020-11-13|title=Scaling up cross border cooperation to tackle climate and disease threats|url= |journal=BMJ|language=en|volume=371|doi=10.1136/bmj.m3145|issn=1756-1833|pmc=7662083|pmid=33187960}}</ref>
 
=== Global Health Security Index ===
NTI also created the Connecting Organizations for Disease Surveillance (CORDS), which in 2013 launched as an independent NGO that links international disease surveillance networks,<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Bond|first=Katherine C.|last2=Macfarlane|first2=Sarah B.|last3=Burke|first3=Charlanne|last4=Ungchusak|first4=Kumnuan|last5=Wibulpolprasert|first5=Suwit|date=2017-01-25|title=The Evolution and Expansion of Regional Disease Surveillance Networks and Their Role in Mitigating the Threat of Infectious Disease Outbreaks|url= |journal=Emerging Health Threats Journal|language=en|volume=6|issue=1|pages=19913|doi=10.3402/ehtj.v6i0.19913|issn=1752-8550|pmc=3557911|pmid=23362414}}</ref> supported by the [[World Health Organization]], and the [[Food and Agriculture Organization]] of the [[United Nations]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=S. Gresham|first=Louise|last2=S. Smolinski|first2=Mark|last3=Suphanchaimat|first3=Rapeepong|last4=Marie Kimball|first4=Ann|last5=Wibulpolprasert|first5=Suwit|date=January 2013|title=Creating a Global Dialogue on Infectious Disease Surveillance: Connecting Organizations for Regional Disease Surveillance (CORDS)|url= |journal=Emerging Health Threats Journal|language=en|volume=6|issue=1|pages=19912|doi=10.3402/ehtj.v6i0.19912|issn=1752-8550|pmc=3557909|pmid=23362412}}</ref>
The Global Health Security Index, produced by NTI, the [[Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security]], and Economist Impact, is a biennial index that assesses countries' preparedness to respond to pandemics and epidemics.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Anthes |first=Emily |date=2021-12-08 |title=The World Is Unprepared for the Next Pandemic, Report Says |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/12/08/health/covid-pandemic-preparedness.html |access-date=2022-07-05 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> The GHS Index assesses 195 countries' abilities to prevent, detect, and respond to health emergencies based on publicly available information.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Two years into this pandemic, the world is dangerously unprepared for the next one, report says |language=en-US |newspaper=Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/2021/12/08/next-pandemic-global-health-security-index/ |access-date=2022-07-05 |issn=0190-8286}}</ref>
 
=== World Health Organization–Nuclear Threat Initiative Emergency Outbreak Response Fund ===
In 2002, NTI partnered with the [[World Health Organization]] (WHO) to create a $500,000 rapid response fund for infectious disease outbreaks.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2002-12-02 |title=New WHO Fund to Probe Disease Outbreaks |url=https://www.theintelligencer.com/news/article/New-WHO-Fund-to-Probe-Disease-Outbreaks-10554199.php |access-date=2022-07-05 |website=The Edwardsville Intelligencer |language=en-US}}</ref>
 
=== Global dialogue on nuclear security priorities ===
NTI regularly convenes meetings among global nuclear security experts and government officials to discuss issues related to nuclear security.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-06-29 |title=The Role of Civil Society in Strengthening Nuclear Security • Stimson Center |url=https://www.stimson.org/2021/the-role-of-civil-society-in-strengthening-nuclear-security/ |access-date=2022-07-05 |website=Stimson Center |language=en-US}}</ref> Global Dialogue summits have taken place in France, the Netherlands, the Czech Republic, Germany, Austria, the United Kingdom, the United States, and Japan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Global Dialogue on Nuclear Security Priorities |url=https://www.nti.org/about/programs-projects/project/global-dialogue-nuclear-security-priorities/ |access-date=2022-07-05 |website=The Nuclear Threat Initiative |language=en}}</ref>
 
=== Establishment of new organizations ===
In 2003, NTI created the Middle East Consortium for Infectious Disease Surveillance (MECIDS) with participation from [[Israel]], [[Jordan]], and the [[Palestinian Authority]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Leventhal |first1=Alex |last2=Ramlawi |first2=Assad |last3=Belbiesi |first3=Adel |last4=Sheikh |first4=Sami |last5=Haddadin |first5=Akhtam |last6=Husseini |first6=Sari |last7=Abdeen |first7=Ziad |last8=Cohen |first8=Dani |date=2013-01-01 |title=Enhanced Surveillance for Detection and Management of Infectious Diseases: Regional Collaboration in the Middle East |url=https://doi.org/10.3402/ehtj.v6i0.19955 |journal=Emerging Health Threats Journal |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=19955 |doi=10.3402/ehtj.v6i0.19955 |pmc=3557910 |pmid=23362413}}</ref> MECIDS shares official health data and conducts infectious disease prevention training.
 
In 2008, NTI helped create the [[World Institute for Nuclear Security]] (WINS), in Vienna, as part of its focus to secure nuclear materials worldwide.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Broad |first=William J. |date=2008-09-29 |title=New Security Organization Will Try to Prevent Nuclear Theft |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/29/world/europe/29nuke.html |access-date=2022-07-05 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
 
NTI also created Connecting Organizations for Disease Surveillance (CORDS), which launched in 2013 as an independent [[Non-governmental organization|NGO]] that links international disease surveillance networks, supported by the [[World Health Organization]] and [[Food and Agriculture Organization]] of the [[United Nations]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=S. Gresham |first1=Louise |last2=S. Smolinski |first2=Mark |last3=Suphanchaimat |first3=Rapeepong |last4=Marie Kimball |first4=Ann |last5=Wibulpolprasert |first5=Suwit |date=2013-01-01 |title=Creating a Global Dialogue on Infectious Disease Surveillance: Connecting Organizations for Regional Disease Surveillance (CORDS) |url=https://doi.org/10.3402/ehtj.v6i0.19912 |journal=Emerging Health Threats Journal |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=19912 |doi=10.3402/ehtj.v6i0.19912 |pmc=3557909 |pmid=23362412}}</ref>
 
=== Films ===
The organization produced the 2005 film, ''[[Last Best Chance]]'', a docudrama about nuclear terrorism that aired on HBO.<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=2005-09-26 |title=Rain and Fire |url=http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2005/10/03/rain-and-fire |access-date=2022-07-05 |magazine=The New Yorker |language=en-US}}</ref> NTI also produced the 2010 documentary film ''[[Nuclear Tipping Point]],'' which was screened by [[Barack Obama|President Obama]] at the [[White House]] in April 2010<ref>{{Cite news |last=Broad |first=William J. |date=2010-09-13 |title=The Bomb Chroniclers |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/09/14/science/14atom.html |access-date=2022-07-05 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> and featured on ''The'' ''Colbert Report''.<ref>{{Citation |title=Sam Nunn - The Colbert Report |date=2010-06-10 |url=https://www.cc.com/video/12z179/the-colbert-report-sam-nunn |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211207074321/https://www.cc.com/video/12z179/the-colbert-report-sam-nunn |url-status=dead |archive-date=December 7, 2021 |language=en |access-date=2022-07-05}}</ref>
 
==Leadership==
 
[[Ernest Moniz|Ernest J. Moniz]] has served as chief executive officer since June, 2017, and Joan Rohlfing serves as president and chief operating officer.<ref>{{citationCite web needed|title=Who We Are |url=https://www.nti.org/about/who-we-are/ |access-date=November2022-07-05 2017|website=The Nuclear Threat Initiative |language=en}}</ref> Co-chaired by Moniz, Nunn, and [[Ted Turner]], NTI is governed by a Boardboard of Directorsdirectors with both current and emeritus members from the United States, Japan, India, Pakistan, China, Jordan, Sweden, France andaround the United Kingdomglobe. They include:
 
=== Board of directors ===
* Dr. [[Alexey Arbatov]], Head, Center for International Security at Institute of World Economy and International Relations, Russian Academy of Sciences
 
* [[Charles Arthur Bowsher|Charles A. Bowsher]], Former Comptroller General Of The United States And Head Of The General Accounting Office
* [[Ernest Moniz|Ernest J. Moniz]], co-chairman and chief executive Officer, NTI
* [[Jerry Brown|Gov. Edmund G. Brown Jr.]], Governor of California
* [[DesSam BrowneNunn]], Viceco-chair, co-founder and strategic Chairmanadvisor, NTI
* [[CharlesTed B. CurtisTurner]], President Emeritusco-chair
* [[Des Browne]], vice chairman, NTI
* Ambassador [[Rolf Ekeus]], Chairman of the Board, [[Stockholm International Peace Research Institute]]
* [[Joan Rohlfing]], president, NTI
* [[Eugene Habiger]] General USAF (Ret.), former Commander in Chief of the [[United States Strategic Command|United States Strategic Command (USSTRATCOM)]]
* Ambassador Hamad Alkaabi, permanent representative of the United Arab Emirates to the [[International Atomic Energy Agency]] and special representative for International Nuclear Cooperation
* [[Prince El Hassan bin Talal]] of Jordan, Emeritus
* Ambassador [[Brooke D. Anderson]], president of Pivotal Ventures
* [[Igor S. Ivanov]], Former Minister of Foreign Affairs, Russia
* Dr. [[Alexey Arbatov]], head, Center for International Security at Institute of World Economy and International Relations, Russian Academy of Sciences
* [[Riaz Mohammad Khan]], Former Foreign Secretary of Pakistan
* [[Jerry Brown|Edmund G. Brown Jr.]], former Governor of California
* [[Jeong H. Kim]], Former President, Bell Labs
* Ambassador [[Rolf Ekeus]], chairman emeritus of the board, [[Stockholm International Peace Research Institute]]
* [[Pierre Lellouche]], Former Deputy of Paris, Former Minister of State for Foreign Trade, France
* Gideon Frank, former director general of the [[Israel Atomic Energy Commission]]
* Former U.S. Senator [[Richard G. Lugar]] R-Indiana
* [[Margaret Hamburg|Margaret A. Hamburg]], M.D., former commissioner of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration
* [[Ernest Moniz|Ernest J. Moniz]], co-chairman and chief executive officer, NTI
* Ambassador [[Jon Huntsman Jr.|Jon M. Huntsman, Jr.]], former U.S. Ambassador to Russia, China, and Singapore
* [[Sam Nunn]], co-chairman, NTI
* [[Igor S. Ivanov]], former minister of foreign affairs, Russia
* [[Riaz Mohammad Khan]], former foreign secretary of Pakistan
* [[Jeong H. Kim]], former president, Bell Labs
* [[Michelle McMurry-Heath]], president and CEO, [[Biotechnology Innovation Organization]]
* Admiral [[Michael Mullen|Michael G. Mullen]], USN (ret.), 17th chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff
* [[Ronald L. Olson]], Partner, Los Angeles office of [[Munger, Tolles & Olson]]
* Michael A. Peterson, chairman and chief executive Officer of the [[The Peter G. Peterson Foundation|Peter G. Peterson Foundation]]
* [[Paul S. Otellini]], Former President and Chief Executive Officer, [[Intel Corporation]]
* [[Malcolm Rifkind]], former foreign secretary, UK
* [[Hisashi Owada]], Judge, [[International Court of Justice]]
* Ray Rothrock, executive chairman, RedSeal, Inc. and partner emeritus, [[Venrock]]
* [[Malcolm Rifkind]], Former Member of Parliament for Kensington
* Louis Salkind, president, Bright Horizon Foundation
* [[Ellen O. Tauscher]], Former [[Under Secretary of State for Arms Control and International Security Affairs]]
* Laura Turner Seydel, chair of Captain Planet Foundation and director of [[Turner Foundation]]
* [[Ted Turner]], Co-Chairman
* Dr. [[Nathalie Tocci]], director, [[Istituto Affari Internazionali]]
* Professor [[Fujia Yang]], Academician, Chinese Academy of Sciences
* Ambassador [[Alexa L. Wesner|Alexa Wesner]], former U.S. Ambassador to Austria
* Dr. Peng Yuan, president, [[China Institutes of Contemporary International Relations]]
 
=== Advisors to the board of directors ===
 
Advisors to the Board of Directors include{{when|date=November 2017}} leading figures in science, business and international security. Advisors to the Board include:
* [[Warren Buffett]], CEO of [[Berkshire Hathaway Inc.]]
* [[Siegfried S. Hecker]], co-director, [[Stanford University Center for International Security and Cooperation]]
* Dr. [[David A. Hamburg]], President Emeritus of [[Carnegie Corporation of New York]]
* [[Siegfried S. Hecker]], Director Emeritus of the [[Los Alamos National Laboratory]]
* [[Frederick Iseman]], Chairman and Managing Partner of [[CI Capital Partners|Caxton-Iseman Capital Inc.]]
 
=== Emeritus board ===
NTI's staff includes experts in international affairs, nonproliferation, security and military issues, public health, medicine and communications, who have operational experience in their areas of specialty.{{citation needed|date=November 2017}}
 
* [[Charles Arthur Bowsher|Charles A. Bowsher]], former comptroller general to the United States and head of the General Accounting Office
== Tabletop exercises ==
* Liru Cui, former president of China Institutes of Contemporary International Relations
On March 17, 2021, the NTI partnered with the [[Munich Security Conference]] (MSC) to conduct a [[bioterrorism]] simulation about a pandemic with an unusual strain of the [[monkeypox]] virus.<ref>{{cite web |title=Bio, Munich Security Conference Convene Global Leaders for Annual Tabletop Exercise on Reducing High-Consequence Biological Threats |url=https://www.nti.org/news/nti-bio-munich-security-conference-convene-global-leaders-annual-tabletop-exercise-reducing-high-consequence-biological-threats/ |website=NTI}}</ref>
* [[Charles B. Curtis]], president emeritus of NTI
* [[Susan Eisenhower]]
* HRH [[Prince Hassan bin Talal|Prince El Hassan bin Talal of Jordan]]
* [[Pierre Lellouche]]
* [[Jessica Mathews|Jessica T. Mathews]]
* Ambassador [[Hisashi Owada]]
* [[William J. Perry]]
* [[Nafis Sadik]]
* [[Amartya Sen]]
* [[Fujia Yang]]
 
== FundingFinancials ==
NTI receives funding from a number of sources, including foundations, individuals, non-U.S. governments, and corporations.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2020 NTI Annual Report |url=https://media.nti.org/documents/20_NTI_AnnualReport.pdf |website=Nuclear Threat Initiative}}</ref> Funders and financial information are listed in NTI’s annual report, which is published online each year. The organization does not accept U.S. government funding.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Financials |url=https://www.nti.org/about/financials/ |access-date=2022-07-05 |website=The Nuclear Threat Initiative |language=en}}</ref>
In early 2018, NTI received a $6 million grant from the [[Open Philanthropy Project]]. The grant will be used to "help strengthen its efforts to mitigate global biological threats that have increased as the world has become more interconnected."<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|date=2018-01-25|title=Nuclear Threat Initiative to expand focus on global biosecurity risks with new grant|language=en-US|work=Homeland Preparedness News|url=https://homelandprepnews.com/stories/26422-nuclear-threat-initiative-expand-focus-global-biosecurity-risks-new-grant/|access-date=2018-02-12}}</ref> In January 2018 NTI announced that it had received $250,000 in support from the [[Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation|Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation]]. That money will help advance NTI's efforts in developing a "Global Health Security Index". The index would analyze a country's biological programs and policies.<ref name=":0" />
 
==References==
Line 96 ⟶ 131:
* [[Global Health Security Index]]
* [https://www.ntiindex.org/ Nuclear Security Index]
* [https://www.jstor.org/publisher/nti JSTOR Nuclear Threat Initiative, Research Reports]
 
{{Effective altruism}}
Line 101 ⟶ 137:
 
{{Authority control}}
 
[[Category:2001 establishments in Washington, D.C.]]
[[Category:Anti–nuclear weapons movement]]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_Threat_Initiative"