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| map_caption = Location within Paris
| coordinates = {{Coord|48|50|32|N|02|21|22|E|type:landmark_region:FR|display=title}}
| established = {{Start date and age|1793|06|10}}
| collection = 67 million specimens<ref name="BILAN DU PREMIER RECOLEMENT
DECENNAL DES MUSEES DE FRANCE">{{Cite web |url=http://www2.culture.gouv.fr/documentation/joconde/fr/partenaires/AIDEMUSEES/journee_RDterr_2014/diaporama-MCL.pdf |title=BILAN DU PREMIER RECOLEMENT DECENNAL DES MUSEES DE FRANCE |work=mnhn.fr |date=10 October 2014}}</ref>
| location = 57 Rue Cuvier, Paris, France
| type = [[Natural history museum]]
| visitors =
| director = Gilles Bloch
| publictransit = [[Jussieu (Paris Métro)|Jussieu]] [[File:Metro-M.svg|20px]][[File:Paris m 7 jms.svg|20px]][[File:Paris m 10 jms.svg|20px]]<br />[[Place Monge (Paris Métro)|Place Monge]][[File:Metro-M.svg|20px]][[File:Paris m 7 jms.svg|20px]]<br />[[Gare d'Austerlitz|Austerlitz]] [[File:RER.svg|20px]] [[File:Paris rer C jms.svg|20px]]
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| network = Muséum national d'histoire naturelle
}}
The French '''National Museum of Natural History''', known in [[French language|French]] as the '''''{{Lang|fr|Muséum national d'histoire naturelle}}''''' (abbreviation '''MNHN'''), is the national [[natural history museum]] of [[France]] and a {{lang|fr|[[grand établissement]]}} of higher education part of [[Sorbonne University (alliance)|Sorbonne Universities]]. The main museum, with four galleries, is located in [[Paris]], France, within the [[Jardin des Plantes]] on the left bank of the River [[Seine]]. It was formally founded in 1793, during the [[French Revolution]], but was begun even earlier in 1635 as the royal garden of medicinal plants. The museum now has 14 sites throughout France.
Since the 2014 reform, it has been headed by a chairman, assisted by deputy managing directors. The Museum has a staff of approximately 2,350 members, including six hundred researchers.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Organigramme & rapports d'activité |url=https://www.mnhn.fr/fr/organigramme-rapports-d-activite |access-date=2023-06-21 |website=Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle |language=fr |archive-date=2023-02-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230206040142/https://www.mnhn.fr/fr/organigramme-rapports-d-activite |url-status=live }}</ref> It is a member of the national network of naturalist collections (RECOLNAT).
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File:Jardin des plantes.jpg|Plan of the Jardin des Plantes and its buildings in 1820
File:Becquerel plate.jpg|The photographic plate of [[Henri Becquerel]], the first documented evidence of the [[radioactivity]] of uranium (1896)
File:Maison Singes MJP.jpg|Crowd outside the Palace of the Apes (
</gallery>
The museum continued to flourish during the 19th century, particularly under the direction of [[chemist]] [[Michel Eugène Chevreul]], His research with animal fats<ref>Chevreul, M.E., ''Recherches sur les corps gras d'origine animale,'' F.G. Levrault, Paris, 1823</ref> revolutionized the manufacture of soap and of candles and led to his isolation of the [[Heptadecanoic acid|heptadecanoic (margaric)]], stearic, and [[oleic acid|oleic]] [[fatty acid]]s. In the medical field, he was first to demonstrate that [[diabetes|diabetics]] excrete [[glucose]].<ref>Chevreul, M.E. ''Note sur le Sucre de Diabetes,'' Annales de Chemie, Paris 1815</ref> and to isolate [[creatine]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.scq.ubc.ca/an-introduction-to-creatine |title=An Introduction to Creatine |date=2016-11-23 |access-date=2021-08-15 |archive-date=2021-08-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815093235/https://www.scq.ubc.ca/an-introduction-to-creatine |url-status=live }}</ref> His theories of color "provided the scientific basis for Impressionist and Neo-Impressionist painting."<ref>Itten, Johannes, ''The Art of Color,'' New York, 1961</ref>
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File:MNHN grande galerie de l'Évolution 2014.jpg|Parade of African mammals
File:Gypaetus barbatus 01 by Line1.JPG|A stuffed bearded vulture (Gypaetus barbatus)
File:Giant squid (Architeuthis sanctipauli) replica in Muséum national d'histoire naturelle (France).jpg|A plastified [[giant squid]], nine meters long, in the Gallery of Evolution
File:Escalier nord de la Grande galerie de l'Évolution dans le Jardin des Plantes à Paris le 22 février 2018 - 19.jpg| Statue of Buffon by Pajou
</gallery>
The National Museum of Natural History has been called "the Louvre of the Natural Sciences
The facade of the building was designed specifically as a backdrop for the garden. The facade facing the garden is divided into eleven traverses. Ten are decorated with sculpted medallions honouring prominent French scientists associated with the museum. The central traverse has a larger marble statue of a woman seated holding a book, in a pose similar to that of statue of Buffon facing the building. The statues are the work of [[Eugene Guillaume]], a pupil of the sculptor Pradier.
While the building exterior was neo-classical, the iron framework of the interior was extremely modern for the 19th century, like that of the [[Gare d'Orsay]] railroad station of the same period. It contained an immense rectangular hall, 55 meters long, 25 wide and 15 meters high, supported by forty slender cast-iron columns, and was originally covered with a glass roof one thousand square meters in size.The building suffered from technical problems, and was closed entirely in 1965. It was extensively remodelled between
The great central hall, kept in its same form but enlarged during the modernisation, is devoted to the presentation of marine animals on the lower sides, and, on a platform in the center, a parade of full-size African mammals, including a [[rhinoceros]] originally presented to King Louis XV in the 18th century. On the garden side is another hall, in its original size, devoted to animals which have disappeared or are in danger of extinction.<ref>Deligeorges, Gady, Labalette, "Le Jardin des Plantes et le Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" (2004), pp. 40–41</ref>
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The Gallery was built in 1930–35 with a grant from the [[Rockefeller Foundation]]. Directly in front is a statue entitled "Science and Mystery" by J.L.D. Schroeder, made in 1889. It represents the enigma of and old man meditating over an egg and a chicken, pondering which came first.<ref>Deligeorges, Gady and Labalette (2004), p. 44</ref>
The primary content of the gallery is the Herbier National, a collection representing 7.5 million plants collected since the founding of the
The ground floor interior of the gallery has vestibules built in a combination of Art Deco and Neo-Egyptian styles. It is used for temporary exhibits.<ref>Deligeorges, Gady and Labalette (2004), p. 44</ref> The exhibits include a slice of a giant [[Sequoiadendron giganteum|Sequoia]] tree, 2200 years old, which fell naturally in 1917.
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* 1950: [[René Jeannel]]
* 1951–1965: [[Roger Heim]]
* 1966–1970: [[Maurice Fontaine (biologist)|Maurice Fontaine]]
* 1971–1975: [[Yves Le Grand]]
* 1976–1985: [[Jean Dorst]]
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</gallery>
A) The cetaceum (podium of cetaceans), in the Comparative Anatomy gallery<br />
B) Statue of [[Bernardin de Saint-Pierre]], with [[Paul and Virginia]]<br />
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L The façade of the Musée de l'Homme, in the southwest wing of the [[Palais de Chaillot]]<br />
M The botanical museum of La Jaÿsinia, in the Alps<br />
N The excavations of the [[Abri Pataud|Pataud shelter]], in Dordogne<br />.
==See also==
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{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Fossil museums]]
[[Category:1793 establishments in France]]
[[Category:Museums in Paris|Natural history]]
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