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{{Use Canadian English|date=June 2014}}
{{Infobox sports award
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| competition = [[Stanley Cup playoffs]]
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| firstwinner = [[Montreal Hockey Club]] (4) {{small|([[Amateur Hockey Association of Canada|AHAC]])}}
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The '''Stanley Cup''' ({{lang-fr|La Coupe Stanley}}) is the championship trophy awarded annually to the [[National Hockey League]] (NHL) [[Stanley Cup playoffs|playoff]] champion. It is the oldest existing trophy to be awarded to a professional sports franchise in North America, and the [[International Ice Hockey Federation]] (IIHF) considers it to be one of the "most important championships available to the sport".<ref>{{cite web|title=Triple Gold Goalies... not|url=http://www.iihf.com/home-of-hockey/news/news-singleview/?tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=850|website=International Ice Hockey Federation|author=Podnieks, Andrew|date=March 25, 2008|access-date=June 12, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170825225356/http://www.iihf.com/home-of-hockey/news/news-singleview/?tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=850|archive-date=August 25, 2017}}</ref> The trophy was commissioned in 1892 as the '''Dominion Hockey Challenge Cup''' and is named after [[Frederick Stanley, 16th Earl of Derby|Lord Stanley of Preston]], the [[Governor General of Canada]], who donated it as an award to Canada's top-ranking amateur ice hockey club. The entire Stanley family supported the sport, the sons and daughters all playing and promoting the game.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.legendsofhockey.net/LegendsOfHockey/jsp/LegendsMember.jsp?mem=b194502&type=Builder&page=bio&list=ByName|title=Lord Stanley (of Preston)|publisher=Hockey Hall of Fame and Museum|access-date=June 10, 2015}}</ref> The first Cup was awarded in 1893 to the [[Montreal Hockey Club]], and winners from 1893 to 1914 were determined by challenge games and league play. Professional teams first became eligible to challenge for the Stanley Cup in 1906. In 1915, the [[National Hockey Association]] (NHA) and the [[Pacific Coast Hockey Association]] (PCHA), the two main professional ice hockey organizations, reached an agreement in which their respective champions would face each other annually for the Stanley Cup. It was established as the ''[[de facto]]'' championship trophy of the NHL in 1926 and then the ''[[de jure]]'' NHL championship prize in 1947.
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The original bowl was made of silver and is {{convert|18.5|cm|in|frac=16}} high and {{convert|29|cm|in|frac=16}} in diameter. The current Stanley Cup is topped with a copy of the original bowl, made of a silver and nickel alloy. It has a height of {{convert|35+1/4|in|cm|1|order=flip}} and weighs {{convert|34+1/2|lb|kg|order=flip}}.<ref name="HHOFEngraving">{{cite web | url=http://www.hhof.com/htmlsilverware/silver_stFFFs.shtml | title=Stanley Cup Engraving Facts, Firsts, and Faux Pas | publisher=[[Hockey Hall of Fame]] | access-date=May 25, 2008}}</ref> Like the [[Grey Cup]], and unlike the trophies awarded by the other major professional sports leagues of North America, a new Stanley Cup is not made every year. The winners originally kept it until a new champion was crowned, but winning teams currently get the Stanley Cup during the summer and a limited number of days during the season. Every year since 1924, a select portion of the winning players, coaches, management, and club staff names are engraved on its bands, which is unusual among trophies. However, there is not enough room to include all the players and non-players, so some names must be omitted. Between 1924 and 1940, a new band was added almost every year that the trophy was awarded, earning the nickname "Stovepipe Cup" due to the unnatural height of all the bands. In 1947, the cup size was reduced, but not all the large rings were the same size. In 1958, the modern one-piece Cup was designed with a five-band barrel which could contain 13 winning teams per band. Every 13 years when the bottom band of the Stanley Cup is filled with names of champions, the top band is removed and retired to be displayed in the vault of the Hockey Hall of Fame in Toronto. The four bands below it are slid up one place and a new blank band added to the bottom. The first winning team engraved on the newest band is thus, in theory ''(see [[#Engraving|Engraving]] section below)'', displayed on the trophy for the next 65 years.<ref name="NHL.com-Cup evolving">{{cite web|url=https://www.nhl.com/news/stanley-cup-set-to-undergo-change-with-removal-of-ring/c-300116100 |title=NHL.com—Stanley Cup evolving again with removal of 12 champions |website=National Hockey League |access-date=February 23, 2021}}</ref> It has been referred to as '''The Cup''', '''Lord Stanley's Cup''', '''The Holy Grail''', or facetiously as '''Lord Stanley's Mug'''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newswire.ca/en/releases/archive/March2007/29/c8159.html|title=The Stanley Cup coming soon to a living room near you?|publisher=CNW Group|year=2007|access-date=April 8, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070507024711/http://www.newswire.ca/en/releases/archive/March2007/29/c8159.html|archive-date=May 7, 2007|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}}</ref> The Stanley Cup is surrounded by [[Traditions and anecdotes associated with the Stanley Cup|numerous legends and traditions]], the oldest of which is the winning team drinking champagne from it.
Since the 1914–15 season, the Cup has been won a combined 106 times by 21 current NHL teams and five teams no longer in existence. It was not awarded in [[1919 Stanley Cup Finals|1919]] because of the [[1918 flu pandemic|Spanish flu epidemic]] and in 2005 because of the [[2004–05 NHL lockout]]. It was held by nine different teams between 1893 and 1914. The [[Montreal Canadiens]] have won it a record 24<ref group="nb" name="MTL24"/> times and are the most recent Canadian-based team to win it, doing so in [[1993 Stanley Cup Finals|1993]]; the [[Detroit Red Wings]] have won it 11 times, the most of any United States-based NHL team, most recently in [[2008 Stanley Cup Finals|2008]]. The current holders of the cup are the [[
==History==
===Origins===
[[File:Lordstanley.jpg|thumb|[[Frederick Stanley, 16th Earl of Derby|The Lord Stanley of Preston]]]]
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# And it is further mutually agreed that any disputes arising as to the interpretation of this Agreement or the facts upon which such interpretation is made, shall be settled by an Arbitration Board of three, one member to be appointed by each of the parties, and the third to be selected by the two appointees. The decision of the Arbitration Board shall be final.{{sfn|Podnieks|2004|p=5}}
</blockquote>
This agreement was amended on November 22, 1961, substituting the Governors of the [[International Hockey Hall of Fame]] in Kingston, Ontario with the Committee of the [[Hockey Hall of Fame]] in Toronto, Ontario as the group to name the two Canadian trustees, if need be. In the 1970s, the [[World Hockey Association]] sought to challenge for the Cup. By this time, all Cup
Nevertheless, the NHL came under pressure to allow its champion to play the WHA champion. Eventually, following the establishment of the [[Canada Cup]] as the first ''best-on-best'' international hockey tournament, NHL
The Cup was awarded every year until 2005, [[2004–05 NHL lockout|when a labour dispute]] between the NHL's owners and the [[NHL Players Association]] (the [[Trade union|union]] that represents the players) led to the cancellation of the [[2004–05 NHL season|2004–05 season]]. As a result, no Cup champion was crowned for the first time since the flu pandemic in 1919. The lockout was controversial among many fans, who questioned whether the NHL had exclusive control over the Cup. A website known as freestanley.com (since closed) was launched, asking fans to write to the Cup trustees and urge them to return to the original Challenge Cup format.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.tsn.ca/nhl/news_story/?ID=115156&hubname= | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929162525/http://www.tsn.ca/nhl/news_story/?ID=115156&hubname= | archive-date=September 29, 2007 | title=Lockout Reminds Lowe of Gretzky Deal | publisher=[[The Sports Network|TSN]] | date=February 16, 2005 | access-date=July 15, 2006}}</ref> [[Adrienne Clarkson]], then Governor General of Canada, alternately proposed that the Cup be presented to the top women's hockey team in lieu of the NHL season. This idea was so unpopular that the [[Clarkson Cup]] was created instead. Meanwhile, a group in Ontario, also known as the "Wednesday Nighters", filed an application with the Ontario Superior Court, claiming that the Cup trustees had overstepped their bounds in signing the 1947 agreement with the NHL, and therefore must award the trophy regardless of the lockout.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sports.espn.go.com/nhl/news/story?id=2036537|title=Amateurs taking NHL to court to play for Cup|publisher=[[ESPN]]|access-date=October 13, 2007|date=April 13, 2005}}</ref>
On February 7, 2006, a settlement was reached in which the trophy could be awarded to non-NHL teams should the league not operate for a season. The dispute lasted so long that, by the time it was settled, the NHL had resumed operating for the [[2005–06 NHL season|2005–06 season]], and the Stanley Cup went unclaimed for the 2004–05 season.<ref name="Non-NHL teams"/> Furthermore, when [[2012 NHL lockout|another NHL lockout commenced in 2012]] the
In 2007, the [[International Ice Hockey Federation]] (IIHF) formalized the "[[Triple Gold Club]]", the group of players and coaches who have won an [[Ice hockey at the Olympic Games|Olympic Games]] gold medal, a [[Ice Hockey World Championship|World Championship]] gold medal, and the Stanley Cup.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Winner of three-team tourney to get Victoria Cup|url=http://sports.espn.go.com/nhl/news/story?id=2863711|date=May 8, 2007|access-date=February 9, 2009|publisher=[[ESPN]]|agency=Associated Press}}</ref><ref name="expands">{{cite web|title=Triple Gold Club expands to 22 |url=http://www.iihf.com/home-of-hockey/news/news-singleview/article/triple-gold-club-expands-to-22/ |website=International Ice Hockey Federation |date=June 5, 2008 |access-date=February 8, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090218074948/http://www.iihf.com/home-of-hockey/news/news-singleview/article/triple-gold-club-expands-to-22/ |archive-date=February 18, 2009 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=PR & Media Activities|url=http://www.iihf.com/100-years/100-years-of-ice-hockey/pr-media-activities.html|website=International Ice Hockey Federation|access-date=February 8, 2009}}</ref> The term had first entered popular use following the [[2002 Winter Olympics]], which saw the addition of the first Canadian members.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Welcome to the Triple Gold Club: Blake, Sakic, Shanahan: New members to elite club: Olympics, worlds, Stanley Cup|work=[[National Post]]|author=Barnes, Don|date=February 25, 2002}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Triple Gold Club awaits Canadian trio|author=Scanlan, Wayne|work=[[Edmonton Journal]]|date=February 24, 2002}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Skating a fine line|url=http://slam.canoe.ca/2002GamesColumnistsPreGames/buffery_dec26-sun.html|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120718071422/http://slam.canoe.ca/2002GamesColumnistsPreGames/buffery_dec26-sun.html|url-status=usurped|archive-date=July 18, 2012|last=Buffery|first=Steve|newspaper=[[Toronto Sun]]|date=December 26, 2001|access-date=February 9, 2009}}</ref>
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Another new band was scheduled to be added to the bottom of the cup following the 2004–05 season, but was not added because of the 2004–05 NHL lockout. After the 2005–06 champion [[Carolina Hurricanes]] were crowned and the new bottom ring was finally added (along with the retiring of the band listing the 1940–41 to 1952–53 champions), the cancelled season was acknowledged with the words "2004–05 Season Not Played".<ref name="2004–05Recognized">{{cite web|title=Strike Up The Bands: The Stanley Cup is Stripped of a Ring; Cancelled 2004–05 Season Recognized |url=http://www.hhof.com/html/newsSCbands.shtml |publisher=[[Hockey Hall of Fame]] |access-date=February 19, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070820015012/http://www.hhof.com/html/newsSCbands.shtml |archive-date=August 20, 2007 }}</ref>
Following the crowning of the 2017–18 champions, the [[Washington Capitals]], the band listing the 1953–54 to 1964–65 winners was removed in September 2018, with a new band for the 2017–18 to 2029–30 champions added to the bottom of the cup.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.thestar.com/sports/hockey/2018/04/04/stanley-cup-saying-goodbye-to-names-of-some-of-nhls-legends-to-make-room-for-more-players.html | title=Stanley Cup saying goodbye to names of some of NHL's legends to make room for more players | first=Jimmy | last=Golen | agency=Associated Press | work=Toronto Star | date=April 4, 2018 | access-date=April 4, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://russianmachineneverbreaks.com/2018/10/01/the-washington-capitals-are-engraved-on-the-stanley-cup-heres-all-the-names-on-it/ |title=A first look at the Washington Capitals' engraving on the Stanley Cup |first=Ian |last=Oland |website=RMNB |date=October 1, 2018 |access-date=June 13, 2019}}</ref>
There have only been four official Stanley Cup engravers. The fourth and current one, Montreal silversmith Louise St. Jacques, has held the position since 1988.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.hhof.com/htmlSTCjournal/exSCJ_10.shtml | title=Stanley Cup Journals: 10 | publisher=[[Hockey Hall of Fame]] | date=June 30, 2003| access-date=July 13, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/sports/hockey/la-xpm-2012-sep-23-la-sp-kings-stanley-cup-20120924-story.html|title=The Stanley Cup: A sports trophy like no other|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=September 23, 2012}}</ref>
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With the Montreal Canadiens having won by far the most Cup championships of any team, the list of the players who have been engraved on the Cup the most often is dominated by Montreal players. [[Henri Richard]] of the Canadiens, with his name engraved eleven times, played on more Stanley Cup champions than any other player. He is followed by [[Jean Béliveau|Jean Beliveau]] and [[Yvan Cournoyer]] of the Canadiens with ten championships, [[Claude Provost]] of the Canadiens with nine, and three players tied with eight: [[Red Kelly]] (four with the Red Wings, four with the Leafs, the most for any player who was not a member of the Canadiens) and Canadiens players [[Jacques Lemaire]], [[Maurice Richard]]. Beliveau's name appears on the Cup more than any other individual, ten times as a player and seven times as management for a total of seventeen times.{{sfn|Conner|2002|pp=113–114}}
Fifteen women have had their names engraved on the Stanley Cup. The first woman to have her name engraved on the Stanley Cup is [[Marguerite Norris]], who won the Cup as the
In [[2000–01 NHL season|2001]], [[Charlotte Grahame]], the [[Colorado Avalanche]]'s Senior Director of Hockey Administration, had her name engraved on the trophy. Her son [[John Grahame|John]] later had his name engraved as a member of the [[Tampa Bay Lightning]] in [[2003–04 NHL season|2004]].
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===As a morale booster===
The Stanley Cup has been brought to military bases for both American and Canadian troops, as well as their [[NATO]] allies. In 2004, the Cup was displayed at [[MacDill Air Force Base]], near [[Tampa, Florida]]. The event was later touted by officials at MacDill as "a huge morale booster for our troops".<ref name="macdill">{{cite news |title = Seeing is believing|work = [[The Sporting News]]|date = June 7, 2004|author = Yorio, Kara}}</ref> In 2006, the Cup toured [[Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune]],
In 2007, the Stanley Cup made its first trip into a combat zone. During the trip to [[Kandahar]], Afghanistan from May 2 to 6, organized by the NHL, the Hockey Hall of Fame, the NHL Alumni and the Canadian [[Department of National Defence (Canada)|Department of National Defence]], the Cup was put on display for Canadian and other NATO troops. The Cup was not damaged when its host base sustained a rocket attack on May 3.<ref name="kandahar1">{{cite web |url=http://hhof.com/htmlSTCjournal/exSCJ07_02.shtml|title=Stanley Cup Journal, 2007 |publisher=The Hockey Hall of Fame |year=2007 |author=Shea, Kevin |access-date=March 19, 2008}}</ref><ref name="Hillier">{{cite news |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/hillier-takes-stanley-cup-former-nhlers-to-afghanistan-1.654703 |title=Hillier takes Stanley Cup, former NHLers to Afghanistan |publisher=Canadian Broadcasting Corporation |date=May 2, 2007 |work=CBC News |access-date=March 19, 2008}}</ref>
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==Trustees==
The regulations set down by Lord Stanley call for two
To date, eleven men have served as Trustees of the Stanley Cup:▼
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|- style="font-weight:bold; background:#ddd;"
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*[https://thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/stanley-cup The Canadian Encyclopedia, The Stanley Cup]
{{Stanley Cup Finals}}▼
{{Stanley Cup playoffs}}
{{NHLawards}}
{{NHL}}
▲{{Stanley Cup Finals}}
{{Triple Gold Club}}
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