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{{Short description|American physicist}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name = James P. Gordon
| image = James_P_Gordon.jpg
| image_size = 250px
| caption = James P. Gordon (1928–2013)
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1928|3|20
| birth_place = [[New York City, New York|New York City]], [[New York (state)|New York]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|2013|6|21|1928|3|20|mf=y}}
| death_place = Manhattan, New York, New York
| nationality = American
| field = [[Physics]]
|
| alma_mater = [[Columbia University]]<br />[[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]]▼
| doctoral_advisor = [[Charles Hard Townes]]▼
▲| alma_mater = [[Columbia University]]<br>[[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]]
▲| doctoral_advisor = [[Charles Hard Townes]]
}}
'''James Power Gordon''' (March 20, 1928 – June 21, 2013) was an American physicist known for his work in the fields of [[optics]] and [[quantum electronics]]. His contributions include the design, analysis and construction of the first [[maser]] in 1954 as a doctoral student at [[Columbia University]] under the supervision of [[Charles Hard Townes|C. H. Townes]], development of the quantal equivalent of [[Claude Shannon|Shannon]]
==Biography and personal life==
J. P. Gordon was born in [[Brooklyn]], [[New York (state)|New York]], on March 20, 1928, and was raised in [[Forest Hills, Queens]] and [[Scarsdale, New York]].<ref name=NYTObit/> His father, Robert S. Gordon was a lawyer and worked as VP and General Counsel for National Dairy, now Kraftco. Gordon attended Scarsdale High School and [[Phillips Exeter Academy]] (Class of 1945). In 1949, he received a bachelor's degree from the [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] (MIT) and joined the physics department of [[Columbia University]] as a graduate student. He received his
In 1960, he married Susanna Bland Waldner, a former Bell-Labs computer programmer. The couple had three children: James Jr., Susanna, and Sara. A resident of [[Rumson, New Jersey]], he died aged 85 on June 21, 2013, at a hospital in New York City due to cancer.<ref name=NYTObit>Martin, Douglas. [
In addition to his scientific career, Gordon played [[platform tennis]], having won the U.S. National Championship for
==Scientific activity==
===Lasers and resonators===
[[Image:
During his doctoral training period with C.H. Townes at Columbia University, Gordon worked on the design, analysis and construction of the maser.<ref name="ref4"/> This work produced the first prototype of what later evolved into the [[laser]] (originally called
===Quantum information===
In 1962, Gordon studied the implications of quantum mechanics on
===Atom diffusion===
Having joined [[Arthur Ashkin]]'s efforts of manipulating microparticles with laser beams, Gordon wrote the first theory describing radiation forces and momenta in dielectric media.<ref name="ref12"/> Later, jointly with Ashkin, he modeled the motion of atoms in a radiation trap.<ref name="ref125"/> This work together with Ashkin's experiments, was the basis for what later developed into the fields of [[Magneto-optical trap|atom trapping]] and [[optical tweezers]]. Ashkin's work on optical tweezers was recognized with the Nobel Prize in Physics awarded to him in 2018.
===Solitons and optical communications===
Much of
Gordon's most recent major contribution to the field of fiber-optic communications was in the mathematical formulation of the phenomenon of [[polarization mode dispersion]] (PMD), which constitutes one of the most important factors in determining the performance of fiber-optic systems. His paper, coauthored with [[Herwig Kogelnik|H. Kogelnik]], appeared in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, and the formulation presented therein became standard in many of the subsequent texts dealing with polarization phenomena in optical fibers.<ref name="ref17"/>
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* Fellow of the [[Optical Society of America]] (OSA)
* Life fellow of [[IEEE]]
* [[Charles Hard Townes Award]] (OSA, 1981)<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.osa.org/Awards_and_Grants/Awards/Award_Description/charlestownes/ | title=Charles Hard Townes Medal | Optica }}</ref>
* [[National Academy of Engineering]] ([[List of members of the National Academy of Engineering|member]] since 1985)
* [[National Academy of
* [[Max Born Award]] (OSA, 1991)<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.osa.org/Awards_and_Grants/Awards/Award_Description/maxborn/ | title=Max Born Award | Optica }}</ref>
* [[Willis E. Lamb Award]] for laser science and quantum optics (2001)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.lambaward.org/2001/|title=The 2001 Willis e. Lamb Award for Laser Science and Quantum Optics}}</ref>
* [[
* Honorary Member of the Optical Society (OSA, 2011)<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.osa.org/Membership/Member_Categories/Honorary/ | title=Honorary Members | Optica }}</ref>
== External links ==▼
* [http://www.scienceclarified.com/scitech/Lasers/The-Development-of-Lasers.html#b The development of lasers from the website of Science Clarified.]▼
* [http://www.nature.com/nphoton/journal/v5/n6/full/nphoton.2011.101.html Nature photonics interview with A. Ashkin on the development of atom cooling and optical tweezers]▼
* [http://newscenter.berkeley.edu/2010/01/19/laserfest/ Interview with C.H. Townes for the laser’s 50th birthday]▼
* [http://www.rp-photonics.com/gordon_haus_jitter.html The Gordon-Haus effect explained, Encyclopedia of Laser Physics and Technology]▼
* [http://www.osa.org/en-us/foundation/donate/current_campaigns/james_p_gordon_memorial_speakership/gordon_symposium/ Scientists (including three Nobel prize laureates) talk at a symposium held in Gordon's memory]▼
==References==
{{Reflist|2|refs=
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<ref name="ref2">[http://www.platformtennis.org/Tournaments/national_champions___rankings/Mens-Champions.htm?/ List of Men's Doubles National Champions in Platform Tennis]</ref>
<ref name="ref3">[http://www.platformtennis.org/tournaments/Mixed_Doubles_National_Champions.htm?/ List of Mixed Doubles National Champions in Platform Tennis]</ref>
<ref name="ref4">{{cite journal | last1=Gordon | first1=J. P. | last2=Zeiger | first2=H. J. | last3=Townes | first3=C. H. | title=The Maser—New Type of Microwave Amplifier, Frequency Standard, and Spectrometer
<ref name="ref5">
<ref name="ref6">{{cite journal | last1=Boyd | first1=G. D. | last2=Gordon | first2=J. P. | title=Confocal Multimode Resonator for Millimeter Through Optical Wavelength Masers | journal=Bell System Technical Journal | publisher=Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) | volume=40 | issue=2 | year=1961 | issn=0005-8580 | doi=10.1002/j.1538-7305.1961.tb01626.x | pages=489–508}}</ref>
<ref name="ref7">{{cite journal | last1=Brabec | first1=Thomas | last2=Krausz | first2=Ferenc | title=Intense few
<ref name="ref8">{{cite journal | last=Gordon | first=J. | title=Quantum Effects in Communications Systems
<ref name="ref9">{{cite book|title=Quantum electronics and coherent light
<ref name="ref10">{{cite journal | last=Holevo | first=A.S. | title=The capacity of the quantum channel with general signal states
<ref name="ref11">Simultaneous measurements of noncommuting observables, J. P. Gordon and W. H. Louisell, in Physics of Quantum Electronics, P. L. Kelley, M. Lax, and P. E. Tannenwald, Eds. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1966, pp. 833-840.</ref>
<ref name="ref1000">[
<ref name="ref12">{{cite journal | last=Gordon | first=James P. | title=Radiation Forces and Momenta in Dielectric Media | journal=Physical Review A | publisher=American Physical Society (APS) | volume=8 | issue=1 | date=1973-07-01 | issn=0556-2791 | doi=10.1103/physreva.8.14 | pages=14–21| bibcode=1973PhRvA...8...14G }}</ref>
<ref name="ref125">{{cite journal | last1=Gordon | first1=J. P. | last2=Ashkin | first2=A. | title=Motion of atoms in a radiation trap | journal=Physical Review A | publisher=American Physical Society (APS) | volume=21 | issue=5 | date=1980-05-01 | issn=0556-2791 | doi=10.1103/physreva.21.1606 | pages=1606–1617| bibcode=1980PhRvA..21.1606G |doi-access=}}</ref>
<ref name="ref13">{{cite journal | last1=Mollenauer | first1=L. F. | last2=Stolen | first2=R. H. | last3=Gordon | first3=J. P. | title=Experimental
<ref name="ref14">{{cite journal | last=Gordon | first=J. P. | title=Theory of the soliton self-frequency shift
<ref name="ref15">{{cite journal | last1=Gordon | first1=J. P. | last2=Haus | first2=H. A. | title=Random walk of coherently amplified solitons in optical fiber transmission
<ref name="ref16">{{cite book|title=Nonlinear Fiber Optics
<ref name="ref16.5">{{cite journal | last1=Gordon | first1=J. P. | last2=Mollenauer | first2=L. F. | title=Phase noise in photonic communications systems using linear amplifiers
<ref name="ref17">
▲== External links ==
▲* [http://www.scienceclarified.com/scitech/Lasers/The-Development-of-Lasers.html#b The development of lasers from the website of Science Clarified.]
▲* [http://www.nature.com/nphoton/journal/v5/n6/full/nphoton.2011.101.html Nature photonics interview with A. Ashkin on the development of atom cooling and optical tweezers]
▲* [http://newscenter.berkeley.edu/2010/01/19/laserfest/ Interview with C.H. Townes for the laser’s 50th birthday]
▲* [http://www.rp-photonics.com/gordon_haus_jitter.html The Gordon-Haus effect explained, Encyclopedia of Laser Physics and Technology]
▲* [http://www.osa.org/en-us/foundation/donate/current_campaigns/james_p_gordon_memorial_speakership/gordon_symposium/ Scientists (including three Nobel prize laureates) talk at a symposium held in Gordon's memory]
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Gordon, James P.}}
[[Category:1928 births]]
[[Category:2013 deaths]]
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[[Category:Laser researchers]]
[[Category:Fellows of
[[Category:Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni]]
[[Category:Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering]]
[[Category:Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences]]
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[[Category:People from Forest Hills, Queens]]
[[Category:People from Rumson, New Jersey]]
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[[Category:Phillips Exeter Academy alumni]]
[[Category:Platform tennis players]]
[[Category:Scientists from New York (state)]]
[[Category:Fellows of the American Physical Society]]
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