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| location = Southwestern [[Pacific Ocean]]
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{{Infobox
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'''Macquarie Island''' is an island in the southwestern [[Pacific Ocean]], about halfway between [[New Zealand]] and [[Antarctica]].<ref name="aad.gov.au">{{cite web |url=http://www.aad.gov.au/default.asp?casid=7151 |work=[[Australian Antarctic Division]] |title=Macquarie Island Station |access-date=16 July 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100724030951/http://www.aad.gov.au/default.asp?casid=7151 |archive-date=24 July 2010}}</ref> Regionally part of [[Oceania]] and politically a part of [[Tasmania]], [[Australia]], since 1900, it became a [[Protected areas of Tasmania|Tasmanian State Reserve]] in 1978
It was a part of Esperance Municipality until 1993, when the municipality was merged with other municipalities to form [[Huon Valley Council, Tasmania|Huon Valley Council]].<ref>[https://www.antarctica.gov.au/about-antarctica/history/stations/macquarie-island/ Macquarie Island station: a brief history] Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment, Australian Antarctic Division. Retrieved 1 July 2020.</ref> The island is home to the entire [[royal penguin]] population during their annual nesting season. Ecologically, the island is part of the [[Antipodes Subantarctic Islands tundra]] [[ecoregion]].
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==History==
===19th century===
[[Frederick Hasselborough]], an Australian, discovered the uninhabited island on 11 July 1810, while looking for new [[seal hunting|sealing]] grounds.<ref name="aga">{{cite book |title=The Australian Geographic book of Antarctica |last=Scott |first=Keith |year=1993 |publisher=Australian Geographic |location=Terrey Hills, New South Wales |isbn=978-1-86276-010-3 |page=14}}</ref> He claimed Macquarie Island for [[United Kingdom|Britain]] and [[annexation|annexed]] it to the colony of [[New South Wales]] in 1810. The island was named for Colonel [[Lachlan Macquarie]], [[Governor of New South Wales]] from 1810 to 1821. Hasselborough reported a wreck "of ancient design", which has given rise to speculation that the island may have been visited before by [[Polynesians]] or others.<ref name="antarctica.gov.au">[http://www.antarctica.gov.au/about-antarctica/history/stations/macquarie-island Macquarie Island: a brief history — Australian Antarctic Division] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120613095506/http://www.antarctica.gov.au/about-antarctica/history/stations/macquarie-island |date=13 June 2012}}. Antarctica.gov.au. Retrieved on 16 July 2013.</ref> In the same year, Captain Smith described in more detail what is presumably the same wreck: "several pieces of wreck of a large vessel on this Island, apparently very old and high up in the grass, probably the remains of the ship of the unfortunate [[Jean-François de Galaup, comte de Lapérouse|De la Perouse]]".<ref>{{cite book |last1=McNab |first1=Robert |title=Murihiku: A History of the South Island of New Zealand and the Islands Adjacent and Lying to the South, from 1642 to 1835 |date=1909 |publisher=Whitcombe and Tombs Limited |location=Wellington |page=176 |url=http://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz/tm/scholarly/tei-McNMuri-t1-body-d1-d14.html}}</ref>
Between 1810 and 1919, seals and then penguins were hunted for their oil almost to the point of extinction.<ref name="aga" /> Sealers' relics include iron [[try pot]]s, casks, hut ruins, graves and inscriptions. During that time, 144 vessel visits are recorded, 12 of which ended in shipwreck.<ref>R.K. Headland, ''Historical Antarctic sealing industry'', Scott Polar Research Institute (Cambridge University), 2018, p. 167. {{ISBN|978-0-901021-26-7}}, p. 167.</ref> The conditions on the island and the surrounding seas were considered so harsh that a plan to use it as a penal settlement was rejected.<ref name="antarctica.gov.au" />
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Macquarie Island is an exposed portion of the [[Macquarie Fault Zone|Macquarie Ridge]] and is located where the [[Australian Plate]] meets the [[Pacific Plate]]. The island lies close to the edge of the [[submerged continent]] of [[Zealandia]], but is not regarded as a part of it, because the Macquarie Ridge is [[oceanic crust]] rather than [[continental crust]].
It is the only place on Earth where rocks from the [[Earth's mantle]] ({{cvt|6|km|disp=comma}} below the [[seabed|ocean floor]]) are being actively exposed above sea-level. {{citation needed|date=March 2024|reason=Mantle magma is common above sea level eg Iceland and other mantle plume situations-the tetonics here are unique but for slightly different reasons that should be referenced and reworded being mainly related to pure mid ocean ridge basalt above sea level}} These unique exposures include excellent examples of [[Basalt#Pillow basalts|pillow basalts]] without any hint of continental crust contamination
==Climate==
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===Introduced birds===
Despite being declared pest-free, Macquarie Island is still inhabited by several invasive bird species, such as the Domestic [[mallard]] and [[Common starling|European starling.]] The self-introduction of
==Gallery==
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