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{{Short description|Indian architect and planner (born 1942)}}
{{COI|date=December 2023}}
{{Infobox architect
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| awards = Great Master Architect of India<br />[[Indian Institute of Architects|IIA]] Excellence in Architecture<br />Doctor of Philosophy (Honoris Causa) in Architecture, CEPT University
| practice = CCBA Designs
| significant_projects = [[Mahindra United World College]]<br />[[Suzlon One Earth]]<br />India House<br />[[Supreme Court of Bhutan]]<br />[[CEPT University]]<br />[[College of Engineering Pune]]<br />[[Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad]]
| website = {{URL|https://ccba.in}}
| significant_design = [[Principles of Intelligent Urbanism]]
}}
'''Christopher Charles Benninger''' (born 23 November 1942) is an
Following his departure from the position of professor at [[Harvard University|Harvard]] in 1971, Benninger came to [[Ahmedabad]], where he was appointed as a [[Ford Foundation]] advisor to the Centre for Environmental Planning and Technology.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CEPT University |url=https://cept.ac.in/ |access-date=2023-08-17 |website=[[CEPT University]]}}</ref>
He has worked with various banks concerning policies, and with various countries and states to create development plans.
Benninger
Benninger's architectural studio CCBA Designs is based out of [[Pune]], which specialises in [[sustainable design]] solutions.
==
Benninger graduated with a Bachelor of Arts from the [[University of Florida]] in 1966. While at the University of Florida, he was a student founder of the Freedom Party. Under Martin Luther King's leadership, he and his sister, Judith Benninger Brown, actively supported the [[Congress of Racial Equality]] (CORE),
▲His mother's sister, Roxane Eberlein, was in a relationship with [[Adlai Stevenson II]], a connection that allowed Benninger to attend United Nations Security Council Meetings as an observer. Stevenson's circle of associates brought Benninger close to people such as [[Robert Jackson (UN administrator)|Sir Robert Jackson]], chairman of the [[United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration|United Nations Relief Organization]]. Jackson gifted Benninger a lifetime subscription of the development journal ''[[Ekistics]]'', introducing him to a science of human settlement centered around [[Constantinos Apostolos Doxiadis]]'s theories. [[Barbara Ward]] became Benninger's lifelong mentor, inviting him to the 1967 [[Delos Symposium]] in Greece.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Christopher Benninger: Cyrus Jhabvala Memorial Lecture 2018|url=https://thinkmatter.in/2019/03/28/christopher-benninger-cyrus-jhabvala-memorial-lecture-2018/|website= THINKMATTER|date=28 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Shoshkes |first=Ellen |date=April 2006 |title=Jaqueline Tyrwhitt: a founding mother of modern urban design |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02665430600555339 |journal=[[Planning Perspectives]] |volume=21 |issue=2 |pages=179–197 |doi=10.1080/02665430600555339 |issn=0266-5433}}</ref>
Benninger completed his [[Master of Architecture]] from
▲Benninger graduated with a Bachelor of Arts from the [[University of Florida]] in 1966. While at the University of Florida, he was a student founder of the Freedom Party. Under Martin Luther King's leadership, he and his sister, Judith Benninger Brown, actively supported the [[Congress of Racial Equality]] (CORE), entered segregated cinema halls and restaurants with their African-American friends, forcing the owners to allow access of African-Americans into their establishments.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Debeljak |first=Aleš |url=https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=ao2DSDX5R3QC&oi=fnd&pg=PA255&dq=Christopher+Benninger+judith+brown&ots=pEDRv23Dgc&sig=PrrzSisEorLfcKT5xY09UaYEfFY |title=Reluctant Modernity: The Institution of Art and Its Historical Forms |date=1998 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=978-0-8476-8583-7}}</ref>
In early 2024, Benninger was awarded an Honorary Doctorate of Philosophy from CEPT University.
▲Benninger completed his [[Master of Architecture]] from [[Harvard University|Harvard's]] [[Harvard Graduate School of Design|Graduate School of Design]] in 1967. He studied under [[Josep Lluis Sert]], [[Jerzy Soltan]] and [[Mirko Basaldella]]. Benninger studied development economics under [[John Kenneth Galbraith]], past ambassador to India and author of ''[[The New Industrial State]]''. After this, he first visited India as a [[Fulbright fellow]] in 1968. He continued his post-graduate studies at the [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]], under Horacio Caminos, working on the book ''Urban Dwelling Environments''. He received a master's degree in [[Urban planning|city planning]] from MIT in 1971.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Falvo |first=Rosa Maria |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N5BMrgEACAAJ&newbks=0&hl=en |title=Christopher Benninger: Architecture for Modern India |last2=Akkisetti |first2=Ramprasad |date=2015 |publisher=Skira editore S.p.A |isbn=978-88-572-2687-3 |language=en}}</ref> After this, he returned to India in 1971 as a [[Ford Foundation]] consultant to the [[Ahmedabad Education Society]] to help set up the [[CEPT University|School of Planning]] in 1972.<ref>{{Citation |last=Nichol |first=Jon |title=Germany, 1919–45 |date=1990 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-10323-2_9 |work=Work Out Modern World History GCSE |pages=170–183 |access-date=2023-11-28 |place=London |publisher=[[Macmillan Education]] UK |isbn=978-0-333-46875-3 |last2=Lang |first2=Sean}}</ref>
Benninger is married to Aneeta Gokhale Benninger, an [[environmentalist]], and has one son.<ref>{{Cite web |title=People |url=https://cdsaindia.org/people/ |website=
▲Benninger is married to Aneeta Gokhale Benninger, an environmentalist, and has one son.<ref>{{Cite web|title=People|url=https://cdsaindia.org/people/|website= CDSA}}</ref>
== Career ==
=== Academic and research work ===
===
One of Benninger's first projects was an [[Economically Weaker Section|Economically Weaker Section (EWS)]] township in [[Jamnagar]] developed with the Gujarat Housing Board in 1972. In 1973, he worked with the Chennai Metropolitan Development Authority and developed a [[Site and services|site-and-services]] approach to EWS housing in [[Arumbakkam|Arunbakkam]]. In 1976, Benninger assisted [[Hyderabad Urban Development Authority]] in its first project, a 2000-unit township for government employees.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Jain |first=AK |title=Housing for All |publisher=Khanna Publishing House |year=2019 |isbn=9789386173560 |pages=74, 78}}</ref> He designed the [[SOS Children's Villages]] in [[Bawana]] in 1975 and in [[Kolkata|Kolkatta]] three years later in 1978.<ref name=":0" /> In 1976, designed the [[Alliance française|Alliance Fraincase]] Centre in Ahmedabad. In 1984, he designed the campus for the Center for Development Studies and Activities which he had founded in 1976.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lang |first=Jon |title=A concise history of modern architecture in India |date=2002 |publisher=Permanent Black : Distributed by Orient Longman Ltd |isbn=978-81-7824-017-6 |location=New Delhi}}</ref>
Benninger's designs include the [[Center for Development Studies and Activities]], the [[Mahindra United World College of India]], the [[Samundra Institute of Maritime Studies]], the [[YMCA International Camp, Nilshi, India]], the Kirloskar Institute of Advanced Management Studies, [[Azim Premji University]], Bengaluru and the International School Aamby. The Centre for Life Sciences Health and Medicine in Pune radically departs from his earlier work.<ref>[http://www.g-therapy.org/index.php/center-campus.html G-therapy.org] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100512195745/http://www.g-therapy.org/index.php/center-campus.html |date=2010-05-12}}</ref>▼
=== Planning ===
As a World Bank consultant, Benninger planned out the site and services, core housing, and slum upgradation programmes for the [[Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority|Calcutta Metropolitan Development]] in 1974. In 1979, he was a part of the team to design and programme Indonesia's first National Rural Development Program, in collaboration with the newly established [[Ministry of National Development Planning|Urban Development Ministry]]. Later that year, under Christopher Benninger and Aneeta Benninger, CDSA developed India's pilot Integrated Rural Development Program.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Benninger |first=Christopher C. |date=1987-01-01 |title=Training for the improvement of human settlements |url=https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0197-3975%2887%2990044-0 |journal=Habitat International |series=Special Issue Land Use Control |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=145–160 |doi=10.1016/0197-3975(87)90044-0 |issn=0197-3975}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Settlements |first=United Nations Centre for Human |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a8QgHFBtQzsC |title=Women and Human Settlements Development |date=1989 |publisher=UN-HABITAT |isbn=978-92-1-131118-1 |language=en}}</ref> In this period, CDSA also prepared social inputs for Area Development Plans in Goa and Almora.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Economics, development, and the quest for alternatives: essays in honour of professor M. A. Oommen |date=1997 |publisher=Concept Publ. Co |isbn=978-81-7022-678-9 |editor-last=George |editor-first=Kolanjiyil Kuriakose |edition=1. publ |location=New Delhi |editor-last2=Oommen |editor-first2=Malayil A.}}</ref> With UNICEF, he led a CDSA team to prepare a plan of actionfor the development of Bhutan (1979–80).<ref name="Benninger 1988 12–30"/> He was engaged by the [[United Nations Human Settlements Programme|UNCHS]] to develop plans for six cities in Sri Lanka: [[Jaffna|Jafna]], [[Ratnapura]], [[Kalutara]], [[Hambantota]], [[Galle]] and [[Matara, Sri Lanka|Matara]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Benninger |first=Christopher C. |date=1988 |title=Seminar on urban management and finance for South Asian countries |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0264-2751(88)90008-x |journal=Cities |volume=5 |issue=2 |pages=194–199 |doi=10.1016/0264-2751(88)90008-x |issn=0264-2751}}</ref> In 1986, Benninger worked on the development plan for [[Thane]] and [[Kalyan]] with a focus on [[urban management]] and poverty upliftment.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Centre |first1=Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Development |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oZgtAAAAMAAJ |title=Register of Development Research Projects in Asia and the Pacific |last2=Centre |first2=Asian and Pacific Development |last3=Pacific |first3=Association of Development Research and Training Institutes of Asia and the |date=1989 |publisher=Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development |isbn=978-92-64-03237-8 |language=en}}</ref> In 2001, Benninger was appointed to prepare the [[structure plan]] for [[Thimphu]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Benninger |first=Christopher Charles |date=2002 |title=Principles of intelligent urbanism: The case of the new Capital Plan for Bhutan |journal=Ekistics and the New Habitat |volume=69 |issue=412/413/414 |pages=60–80 |doi=10.53910/26531313-E200269412-414386 |jstor=43619538 |issn=0013-2942|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=SONAM |first1=DHENDUP |last2=SHERAB |first2=JATSHO |last3=SONAM |first3=TSHERING |date=2021 |title=Exploring Teachers' Perceptions of Professional Development: A Research Study Undertaken in Thimphu District Schools |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.26634/jpsy.14.3.17523 |journal=I-manager's Journal on Educational Psychology |volume=14 |issue=3 |pages=29 |doi=10.26634/jpsy.14.3.17523 |s2cid=236726094 |issn=0973-8827}}</ref> In 2004, the Government of Bhutan along with the Government of India appointed him again to prepare plans for three towns along their shared border.<ref>Benninger Architectonics USA Inc. (2004) Gelephu Structure Plan, Bhutan</ref><ref>Benninger Architectonics USA Inc. (2004) Samtse Structure Plan, Bhutan</ref> In 2012, he designed the new town of [[Denchi Bhutan|Denchi]] in East Bhutan. Benninger's work in urban design, city management and town planning resulted in his [[principles of intelligent urbanism]].<ref>[http://www.dudh.gov.bt/Thimphustructural/Index.html Dudh.gov.bt] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100623013525/http://www.dudh.gov.bt/Thimphustructural/Index.html|date=2010-06-23}}</ref>
=== Architectural works ===
▲Benninger's designs include
Mahindra United World College of India won the Designer of the Year Award<ref>{{Cite web |title=Christopher Benninger |url=http://archlib.njit.edu/aboutus/benningerlecture.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100805200851/http://archlib.njit.edu/aboutus/benningerlecture.php |archive-date=2010-08-05 |access-date=2010-06-23 |publisher=New Jersey Institute of Technology}}</ref> in 1999. It also was the recipient of the ''[[Business Week]]'' ''[[Architectural Record]]'' Award for Excellence in 2000. ''Business Week'' called the Mahindra United World College of India one of the ten super structures of the world in 2000.<ref>[http://www.businessweek.com/2000/00_45/c3706129.htm Businessweek.com]{{dead link|date=January 2024}}</ref>
==Awards and recognition==▼
== Publications ==
* Benninger, C. (2011). Letters to a Young Architect. {{ISBN|9788192156804}}
* Christopher Benninger: Architecture for Modern India. Italy, Skira editore S.p.A, 2015. {{ISBN|9788857226873}}
=== 2024 ===
Baburao Mhatre Gold Medal - Indian Institute of Architects<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Awards |url=https://www.ccba.in/awards |access-date=2024-03-07 |website=CCBA Designs |language=en}}</ref>
=== 2024 ===
Honarary Doctorate of Philosophy in Architecture - CEPT University, Ahmedabad<ref name=":1" />
=== 2023 ===
India’s Top 10 Architects Awards - Construction World Architect and Builder (CWAB) Awards<ref name=":1" />
=== 2019 ===
Excellence in Architecture for Industrial category - Indian Institute of Architects<ref name=":1" />
=== 2017 ===
AD 50 Most Influential Architects & Interior Designers - Architectural Digest <ref name=":1" />
=== 2015 ===
Lifetime Achievement Award - BERG Awards for Real Estate(Singapore)<ref name=":1" />
=== 2014 ===
Excellence in Architecture for Industrial category - Indian Institute of Architects<ref name=":1" />
=== 2013 ===
Excellence in Architecture Green Architecture - Indian Institute of Architects<ref name=":1" />
=== 2000 ===
Excellence in Architecture for Public Building - Indian Institute of Architects<ref name=":1" />
==See also==
*[[List of Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni]]
==References==
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[[Category:American emigrants to India]]
[[Category:People from Butler County, Ohio]]
[[Category:University of Florida alumni]]
[[Category:Academic staff of CEPT University]]
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