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{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2023}}
{{infobox person
| image = File:Chaya Mushka Schneerson.jpg
| caption = Chaya Schneerson in the late 1950s
| honorific-prefix = Rebbetzin
| name = Chaya Mushka Schneerson
| birth_date=March 16, 1901
| birth_place = [[Babinovichi]], Mogilev Governorate<!-- DO NOT LINK, see [[MOS:GEOLINK]] for further guidance -->, Russian Empire<!-- DO NOT LINK, see [[MOS:GEOLINK]] for further guidance --><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.chabad.org/calendar/view/day.asp?hdate=13/25/5727&mode=j|title=Thursday,
| death_date={{death date and age|1988|2|10|1901|3|16}}
| death_place= New York City, U.S.
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| spouse = [[Menachem Mendel Schneerson]]
| father = [[Yosef Yitzchak Schneersohn]]
| mother =
}}
'''Chaya Mushka (Moussia) Schneerson''' ({{Lang-yi|חיה מושקא שניאורסאן}}; March 16, 1901 – February 10, 1988), referred to by [[Lubavitchers]] as ''The [[Rebbetzin]]'', was the wife of [[Menachem Mendel Schneerson]], the seventh and last [[rebbe]] (spiritual leader) of the [[Chabad-Lubavitch]] branch of [[Hasidic Judaism]]. She was the second of three daughters of the sixth Lubavitcher rebbe, [[Yosef Yitzchok Schneersohn]]. She was named after the wife of the third Lubavitcher rebbe, [[Menachem Mendel Schneersohn]].
== Biography ==
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She was born in [[Babinovichi]], near the city of [[Lyubavichi, Rudnyansky District, Smolensk Oblast|Lubavitch]] on Shabbat, the 25th of [[Adar]] of the year 5661 (March 16, 1901 ([[New Style|NS]]); March 3, 1901 ([[Old Style|OS]])). At the request of her grandfather, [[Sholom Dovber Schneersohn]], she was named Chaya Mushka after her great great grandmother, the wife of [[Menachem Mendel Schneersohn]].<ref>[http://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/110746/jewish/Birth.htm Birth – Jewish History] – Chabad.org</ref> She lived in Lubavitch until the autumn of 1915 when due to World War I, she and her family fled to [[Rostov-on-Don|Rostov]]. In 1920, on the death of her grandfather, the fifth Lubavitcher rebbe, [[Sholom Dovber Schneersohn]], her father became the sixth rebbe of Lubavitch.
In May 1924, she moved with her family to [[Saint Petersburg|Leningrad]], where her father was forced to go after several years of being singled out for persecution by the local [[Evsektsiia|Jewish section of the Communist Party]] in Rostov.<ref>https://yivoencyclopedia.org/article.aspx/Rostov-on-Don "With the establishment of Soviet authority, the local Evsektsiia in the 1920s promoted the closure of Jewish institutions; it also persecuted Zionist and religious leaders, above all, Yosef Yitsḥak Shneerson. The Tomkhe Temimim yeshiva, initially closed in 1921, survived clandestinely until May 1924, when Yosef Yitsḥak was compelled to move to Leningrad."</ref> In the autumn of 1927, her father was imprisoned for disseminating [[Torah observance]], and she participated in successful efforts to have him released. His sentence was commuted to exile,<ref>Encyclopedia of Hasidism, entry: Schneersohn, Joseph Isaac. Naftali Lowenthal. Aronson, London 1996. {{ISBN|1-56821-123-6}}</ref> and Chaya Mushka accompanied her father to [[Kostroma]].<ref>[http://crownheights.info/chabad-news/35066/ami-magazine-features-spread-on-the-rebbetzin/ Ami Magazine Features Spread on the Rebbetzin] – CrownHeights.info</ref> After his release, the Schneersohn family left the Soviet Union and moved to [[Riga]], Latvia<!-- DO NOT LINK, see [[MOS:GEOLINK]] for further guidance -->.
=== Marriage ===
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In 1928 she married [[Menachem Mendel Schneerson]] in [[Warsaw]], and they went to live in Berlin, where he studied in a local university. After the Nazis came to power in 1933, they fled to Paris. When Germany invaded France in 1940 they escaped from France on the ''[[RMS Ebro|Serpa Pinto]]'', the last passenger ship to cross the Atlantic Ocean before a [[U-boat]] blockade began. They settled in the [[Crown Heights, Brooklyn|Crown Heights]] section of [[Brooklyn, New York]], where many Lubavitcher Hasidim had already settled. However, her younger sister [[Shaina Horenstein]] and Shaina's husband, Rabbi Menachem Mendel Horenstein, were trapped in Poland and murdered by the [[Germans]] at [[Treblinka extermination camp|Treblinka]].
In 1950 her father died and her husband was formally appointed as the seventh Lubavitcher rebbe.<ref>
In the [[Barry Gurary#Agudas Chasidei Chabad v. Gourary|court case]] over ownership of the Chabad Library, she testified saying, according to the chabad website, "My father, along with all his books, belong to the Chassidim."<ref>[http://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/110754/jewish/Her-Name.htm Her Name – Jewish History] – Chabad.org</ref>
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[[Category:Soviet expatriates in France]]
[[Category:Soviet emigrants to the United States]]
[[Category:People from Vitebsk Region]]
[[Category:People from Mogilev Governorate]]
[[Category:American people of Belarusian-Jewish descent]]
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