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Line 1: {{short description\|Television transmitted over a computer network}}{{Multiple issues\| {{Update\|date=July 2024}} {{Cleanup rewrite\|date=July 2024}} {{Cleanup reorganize\|date=July 2024}} }} {{redirect\|IPTV\|Iowa Public Television\|Iowa PBS}} {{pp\|small=yes}} {{Use dmy dates\|date=July 2017}} {{Use British English\|date=January 2012}} [[File:Mview IPTV.jpg\|thumb\|An IPTV set-top box connected to a TV set, designed to receive television from a service called Mview]]'''Internet Protocol television''' ('''IPTV'''), also called '''TV over broadband''',<ref>{{Cite web \|last=Jackson \|first=Mark \|date=2021-08-22 \|title=Sky UK Allegedly Trial Broadband TV Service Without Satellite UPDATE \|url=https://www.ispreview.co.uk/index.php/2021/08/sky-uk-allegedly-trial-broadband-tv-service-without-satellite.html \|access-date=2024-07-01 \|website=ISPreview UK \|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web \|last=Ferguson \|first=Andrew \|date=November 2005 \|title=IPTV the new buzz word in the UK broadband industry \|url=https://www.thinkbroadband.com/news/2149-iptv-the-new-buzz-word-in-the-uk-broadband-industry \|website=Think Broadband}}</ref> is the service delivery of [[television]] over [[Internet Protocol]] (IP) networks. Usually sold and run by a [[Telephone company\|telecom provider]], it consists of broadcast [[live television]] that is [[Streaming media\|streamed]] over the Internet ([[multicast]]) — in contrast to delivery through traditional [[Terrestrial television\|terrestrial]], [[Satellite television\|satellite]], and [[Cable television\|cable]] transmission formats — as well as [[video on demand]] services for watching or replaying content ([[unicast]]).<ref name=":1">{{Cite web \|last=Sharma \|first=Ashok \|title=What is IPTV \|url=https://www.engineersgarage.com/what-is-iptv/ \|access-date=2024-07-01 \|website=Engineers Garage \|language=en-US}}</ref> ~~[[File:Mview IPTV.jpg\|thumb\|M VIEW IPTV device]]~~ IPTV broadcasts started gaining usage during the 2000s alongside the rising use of [[broadband]]-based internet connections.<ref name=":0" /> It is often provided bundled with internet access services by [[Internet service provider\|ISPs]] to subscribers and runs in a closed network.<ref>{{cite book \|last1=Moro-Visconti \|first1=Roberto \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NiMqEAAAQBAJ&dq=OTT+also+encompasses+a+wave+of+%22skinny%22+television+services&pg=PA310 \|title=Startup Valuation: From Strategic Business Planning to Digital Networking \|date=17 April 2021 \|publisher=Springer \|isbn=9783030716080}}</ref> IPTV normally requires the use of a [[set-top box]], which receives the encoded television content in the [[MPEG transport stream]] via [[IP multicast]], and converts the [[Data packet\|packets]] to be watched on a TV set or other kind of display.<ref name=":1" /> It is distinct from [[Over-the-top media service\|over-the-top (OTT)]] services, which are based on a direct one-to-one transmission mechanism. '''Internet Protocol television''' ('''IPTV''') is the delivery of [[television]] content over [[Internet Protocol]] (IP) networks. This is in contrast to delivery through traditional [[Terrestrial television\|terrestrial]], [[Satellite television\|satellite]], and [[Cable television\|cable]] television formats. Unlike [[download]]ed media, IPTV offers the ability to stream the source media continuously. As a result, a client media player can begin playing the content (such as a TV channel) almost immediately. This is known as [[streaming media]]. IPTV methods have been standardised by organisations such as [[ETSI]].<ref>https://docbox.etsi.org/zArchive/TISPAN/Open/Information/NGN_Presentations/IPTV%20Asia%20Dec08/Boswarthick_for_IPTV_Asia_Dec08.pdf</ref><ref>{{Cite web \|date=2008-06-26 \|title=Japan standardisation for IPTV services \|url=https://advanced-television.com/2008/06/26/japan-standardisation-for-iptv-services/ \|access-date=2024-07-01 \|language=en-GB}}</ref> IPTV has found success in some regions: for example in Western Europe in 2015, pay IPTV users overtook pay satellite TV users.<ref>{{Cite web \|date=2016-04-12 \|title=IPTV overtakes pay satellite TV in Western Europe \|url=https://www.broadbandtvnews.com/2016/04/12/iptv-overtakes-pay-satellite-tv-in-western-europe/ \|access-date=2024-07-01 \|website=Broadband TV News \|language=en-GB}}</ref> IPTV is also used for media delivery around corporate and private networks.{{Citation needed\|date=July 2024}} Although IPTV uses the Internet protocol it is not limited to [[streaming television\|television streamed]] from the [[Internet]] ([[Internet television]]). IPTV is widely deployed in subscriber-based telecommunications networks with high-speed access channels into end-user premises via [[set-top box]]es or other [[customer-premises equipment]]. IPTV is also used for media delivery around corporate and private networks. IPTV in the telecommunications arena is notable for its ongoing standardisation process (e.g., [[ETSI\|European Telecommunications Standards Institute]]). IPTV services may be classified into [[live television]] and live media, with or without related interactivity; [[time shifting]] of media, e.g., [[catch-up TV]] (replays a TV show that was broadcast hours or days ago), start-over TV (replays the current TV show from its beginning); and [[video on demand]] (VOD) which involves browsing and viewing items of a media catalogue. ==Definition== Line 19 ⟶ 22: Another definition of IPTV, relating to the telecommunications industry, is the one given by [[Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions]] (ATIS) IPTV Exploratory Group in 2005: <blockquote>IPTV is defined as the secure and reliable delivery to subscribers of entertainment video and related services. These services may include, for example, Live TV, Video On Demand (VOD) and [[Interactive television\|Interactive TV (iTV)]]. These services are delivered across an access agnostic, packet switched network that employs the IP protocol to transport the audio, video and control signals. In contrast to video over the public Internet, with IPTV deployments, network security and performance are tightly managed to ensure a superior entertainment experience, resulting in a compelling business environment for content providers, advertisers and customers alike.<ref>{{Cite journal \|url=http://www.atis.org/tops/IEG/ATIS_IPTV_EG_RPT_final.pdf \|access-date=17 January 2012 \|title=ATIS IPTV Exploratory Group Report and Recommendation to the TOPS Council \|date=July 2006 \|publisher=Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118031705/http://www.atis.org/tops/IEG/ATIS_IPTV_EG_RPT_final.pdf \|archive-date=18 January 2012 \|df=dmy-all }}</ref></blockquote> ==History== Up until the early 1990s, it was not thought possible that a [[television show\|television programme]] could be squeezed into the limited [[telecommunication]] [[bandwidth (signal processing)\|bandwidth]] of a [[copper]] [[telephone cable]] to provide a [[video-on-demand]] (VOD) television service of acceptable quality, as the required bandwidth of a [[digital television]] signal was around 200{{nbsp}}[[Mbit/s]], which was 2,000 times greater than the bandwidth of a speech signal over a copper [[telephone wire]]. VOD services were only made possible as a result of two major technological developments: [[Motion compensation\|motion-compensated]] [[Discrete cosine transform\|DCT]] [[video compression]] and [[asymmetric digital subscriber line]] (ADSL) [[data transmission]].<ref name="Lea">{{cite book \|last1=Lea \|first1=William \|title=Video on demand: Research Paper 94/68 \|date=1994 \|publisher=[[House of Commons Library]] \|url=https://researchbriefings.parliament.uk/ResearchBriefing/Summary/RP94-68 \|access-date=20 September 2019 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190920082623/https://researchbriefings.parliament.uk/ResearchBriefing/Summary/RP94-68 \|archive-date=20 September 2019 \|url-status=dead }}</ref> Motion-compensated DCT algorithms for [[video coding standards]] include the [[H.26x]] formats from 1988 onwards and the [[MPEG]] formats from 1991 onwards.<ref name="Ghanbari">{{cite book \|last1=Ghanbari \|first1=Mohammed \|title=Standard Codecs: Image Compression to Advanced Video Coding \|date=2003 \|publisher=[[Institution of Engineering and Technology]] \|isbn=9780852967102 \|pages=1–2 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7XuU8T3ooOAC&pg=PA1}}</ref><ref name="Li">{{cite book \|last1=Li \|first1=Jian Ping \|title=Proceedings of the International Computer Conference 2006 on Wavelet Active Media Technology and Information Processing: Chongqing, China, 29-31 August 2006 \|date=2006 \|publisher=[[World Scientific]] \|isbn=9789812709998 \|page=847 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FZiK3zXdK7sC&pg=PA847}}</ref> Motion-compensated DCT video compression significantly reduced the amount of bandwidth required for a television signal, while at the same time ADSL increased the bandwidth of data that could be sent over a copper telephone wire. ADSL increased the bandwidth of a telephone line from around ~~100~~0.1{{nbsp}}[[~~Kilobit~~Megabit per second\|~~kbit~~Mbit/s]] to 2{{nbsp}}Mbit/s, while DCT compression reduced the required bandwidth of a digital television signal from around 200{{nbsp}}Mbit/s down to about 2{{nbsp}}Mbit/s. The combination of DCT and ADSL technologies made it possible to practically implement VOD services at around 2{{nbsp}}Mbit/s bandwidth in the 1990s.<ref name="Lea"/> The term IPTV first appeared in 1995 with the founding of [[Precept Software]] by [[Judith Estrin]] and [[William N. Carrico Jr.\|Bill Carrico]]. Precept developed an Internet video product named ''IP/TV''. IP/TV was an [[Mbone]] compatible Windows and Unix-based application that transmitted single and multi-source audio and video traffic, ranging from low to DVD quality, using both [[unicast]] and [[IP multicast]] [[Real-time Transport Protocol]] (RTP) and [[Real time control protocol]] (RTCP). The software was written primarily by Steve Casner, [[Karl Auerbach]], and Cha Chee Kuan. Precept was acquired by Cisco Systems in 1998.<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/750/acquire.html \|publisher=Cisco \|title=Summary of Acquisitions \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070821101009/http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/750/acquire.html \|archive-date=21 August 2007}}</ref> Cisco retains the IP/TV trademark. Line 32 ⟶ 35: [[Kingston Communications]], a regional telecommunications operator in the UK, launched Kingston Interactive Television (KIT), an IPTV over [[digital subscriber line]] (DSL) service in September 1999. The operator added additional VOD service in October 2001 with Yes TV, a VOD content provider. Kingston was one of the first companies in the world to introduce IPTV and IP VOD over [[ADSL]] as a commercial service. The service became the reference for various changes to UK Government regulations and policy on IPTV. In 2006, the KIT service was discontinued, subscribers having declined from a peak of 10,000 to 4,000.<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2006/02/27/kingston_iptv/\|title=Kingston pulls plug on IPTV service\|website=theregister.co.uk\|access-date=25 April 2018\|url-status=live\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171113031558/http://www.theregister.co.uk/2006/02/27/kingston_iptv/\|archive-date=13 November 2017\|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>[http://www.kitv.co.uk/ KIT Kingston Interactive Television] {{webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905163612/http://www.kitv.co.uk/ \|date=5 September 2015 }}. Kitv.co.uk. Retrieved on 12 March 2014.</ref> In 1999, [[NBTel]] (now known as [[Bell Aliant]]) was the first to commercially deploy Internet protocol television over DSL in [[Canada]]<ref>{{cite press release \|url=http://www.bce.ca/en/news/releases/aliant/2000/01/24/53.html \|title=NBTel leading the way in North America with Aliant's new interactive information and entertainment television service – VibeVision \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090122222013/http://www.bce.ca/en/news/releases/aliant/2000/01/24/53.html \|archive-date=22 January 2009 \|url-status=live}}</ref> using the Alcatel 7350 [[DSLAM]] and middleware created by iMagic TV (owned by NBTel's parent company [[Bruncor]]<ref>{{cite press release \|url=http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Bruncor+launches+ImagicTV-a020767197 \|title=Bruncor launches ImagicTV \|date=9 June 1998 \|website=www.thefreelibrary.com \|access-date=25 April 2018 \|archive-date=8 October 2018 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181008022723/https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Bruncor+launches+ImagicTV-a020767197 \|url-status=dead }}</ref>). The service was marketed under the brand VibeVision in [[New Brunswick]], and later expanded into [[Nova Scotia]] in early 2000<ref>{{cite press release \|url=http://www.bce.ca/en/news/releases/aliant/2001/08/30/6317.html \|title=Aliant Telecom Launches New Television Technology in Halifax \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080617041001/http://www.bce.ca/en/news/releases/aliant/2001/08/30/6317.html \|archive-date=17 June 2008}}</ref> after the formation of [[Aliant]]. iMagic TV was later sold to [[Alcatel-Lucent\|Alcatel]].<ref>{{cite news\|url=http://www.itbusiness.ca/news/alcatel-buys-imagic-to-conjure-digital-tv-over-dsl/1852\|title=Alcatel Acquires iMagic TV\|work=ITBusiness.ca\|year=2003\|access-date=2018-10-07\|url-status=live\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160914082455/http://www.itbusiness.ca/news/alcatel-buys-imagic-to-conjure-digital-tv-over-dsl/1852\|archive-date=14 September 2016\|df=dmy-all}}</ref> In 2002, [[Sasktel]] was the second in Canada to commercially deploy IPTV over DSL, using the Lucent Stinger DSL platform.<ref name="rlp20080204">{{cite news\|url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0EIN/is_2002_April_10/ai_84632001\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130606140015/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0EIN/is_2002_April_10/ai_84632001\|url-status=dead\|archive-date=6 June 2013\|title=Lucent Technologies Introduces First Commercial IP Video Over DSL Solution, Business Net \|access-date=4 February 2008 \| work=Business Wire \| date=10 April 2002}}</ref> Line 40 ⟶ 43: In 2005, [[Bredbandsbolaget]] launched its IPTV service as the first service provider in [[Sweden]]. As of January 2009, they are not the biggest provider any longer; [[TeliaSonera]], who launched their service later, now has more customers.<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.idg.se/2.1085/1.203998/bredbandsbolaget-rustar-pa-ip-tv \|title=Bredbandsbolaget rustar på ip-tv \|trans-title=Bredbandsbolaget is mobilizing for IP TV \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090227031108/http://www.idg.se/2.1085/1.203998/bredbandsbolaget-rustar-pa-ip-tv \|archive-date=27 February 2009\|language=sv}}</ref> ~~{{citation needed span\|~~In 2007, TPG ~~became~~launched ~~the~~their ~~first internet~~IPTV service ~~provider~~ in Australia toafter ~~launch~~a limited beta.<ref>{{Cite web \|title=TPG IPTV Officially Launched! - TPG \|url=https://forums.whirlpool.net.au/archive/760306 \|access-date=2023-06-01 \|website=Whirlpool.net.au \|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web \|date=2023-03-13 \|title=TPG - IPTV \|url=https://www.tpg.com.au/iptv/index.php \|url-status=deviated \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070703020725/http://www.tpg.com.au/iptv/index.php \|archive-date=2007-07-03 \|access-date=~~April~~2023-06-01 ~~2013~~}}</ref> By 2010, iiNet and Telstra launched IPTV services in conjunction to internet plans.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://broadband.theage.com.au/Broadband/Providers/\|title=Internet Providers - Compare Broadband Deals from 44 Providers - WhistleOut\|website=broadband.theage.com.au\|access-date=25 April 2018\|url-status=dead\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120303102927/http://broadband.theage.com.au/Broadband/Providers\|archive-date=3 March 2012\|df=dmy-all}}</ref> In 2008, [[Pakistan Telecommunication Company Limited]] (PTCL) launched IPTV under the brand name of [[PTCL Smart TV]] in [[Pakistan]]. This service is available in 150 major cities of the country offering 140 live channels.{{citation needed\|date=February 2019}} In 2010, [[CenturyLink]] – after acquiring [[Embarq]] (2009) and Qwest (2010) – entered five U.S. markets with an IPTV service called Prism.<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.telecompetitor.com/centurylink-quietly-launches-prism-iptv-product/ \|title=CenturyLink Quietly Launches Prism IPTV Product \|publisher=Telecompetitor.com \|access-date=15 June 2013 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170706231505/http://www.telecompetitor.com/centurylink-quietly-launches-prism-iptv-product/ \|archive-date=6 July 2017 \|df=dmy-all }}</ref> This was after successful test marketing in Florida. Later in 2010, [[Bell Canada]] (a major division, if not the largest division of [[BCE Inc.\|BCE]]) announced it would begin offering residential and business/commercial customers in Montreal, Quebec and Toronto, Ontario IPTV over a number of different modalities, including [[fibre to the home]], [[fibre to the node]] and [[Digital subscriber line\|DSL]]. This flavour of IPTV would be packaged with other services and branded as "Bell Fibe," providing Canadian customers with everything from local analogue trunk connectivity ([[Plain old telephone service\|POTS]]), to [[Digital subscriber line\|DSL]] and [[fibre Internet]] to TV service via IPTV.<ref>{{Cite web \|title=Bell Fibe TV launches in Toronto and Montréal \|url=https://www.bce.ca/news-and-media/releases/show/bell-fibe-tv-launches-in-toronto-and-montr-al \|access-date=2022-06-25 \|website=www.bce.ca \|language=English}}</ref> Bell further announced in the September 13th (2010) press release it would begin deploying fiber optic Ethernet to homes in [[Montreal]] and [[Toronto]]. Bell has since continued to install fiber optic Ethernet to homes (fibre to the home) across [[Ontario]] and [[Quebec]], Bell Canada's two largest customer territories. Bell was very successful with the deployment of the Bell Fibe product offering. Many customers in Ontario and Quebec switched from legacy ([[Coaxial cable\|coaxial]]) [[cable companies]] to Bell's Fibe product because of Bell's marketing around IPTV and their at-home wireless PVR offering. Bell's wireless PVR would permit customers to place a TV anywhere they wanted - as long as they had a power outlet. Bell Fibe TV commercials would show young families watching TV outside on the couch with large 70+ inch LCDs and their Bell Fibe wireless PVR.<ref>{{Cite web \|title=Fibe TV - Home {{!}} Bell Canada \|url=https://www.bell.ca/Fibe-TV \|access-date=2022-06-25 \|website=www.bell.ca \|language=en}}</ref> In Brazil, since at least 2012, [[Vivo (telecommunications company)\|Vivo]] has been offering the service Vivo TV Fibra in 200+ cities where it has FTTH coverage (4Q 2020 data) . Since at least 2018, Oi has also been offering IPTV under its FTTH service "Oi Fibra". Also, several regional FTTH providers also offer IPTV along with FTTH internet services. Line 52 ⟶ 55: ==Markets== ===Residential=== [[File:IP STB- HC I Series.jpg\|thumb\|An IPTV set-top box on display from a Taiwanese provider]] The global IPTV market was expected to grow from 28 million subscribers at US$12 billion revenue in 2009 to 83 million and US$38 billion in 2013.{{Update inline\|date=November 2019}} Europe and Asia are the leading territories in terms of the overall number of subscribers. But in terms of service revenues, Europe and North America generate a larger share of global revenue, due to very low average revenue per user (ARPU) in China and India, the fastest growing (and ultimately, the biggest markets) is Asia.<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.international-television.org/tv_market_data/global-iptv-forecast-2009-2013.html \|title=IPTV Global Forecast (2008–2013) \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100601051235/http://www.international-television.org/tv_market_data/global-iptv-forecast-2009-2013.html \|archive-date=1 June 2010 \|publisher=International Television Expert Group}}</ref> [[File:Deutsche Telekom Media Receiver 400-5954.jpg\|thumb\|[[Deutsche Telekom]] Media Receiver 400 set-top box for an IPTV service in Germany]] Services also launched in [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]], [[Bulgaria]], [[Pakistan]], [[Canada]], [[Croatia]], [[Lithuania]], [[Moldova]], [[Montenegro]], [[Morocco]],<ref>{{cite news \|title=Orange consacré "Meilleur réseau mobile" au Maroc \|url=https://lematin.ma/journal/2018/orange-consacre-meilleur-reseau-mobile-maroc/302109.html \|access-date=11 October 2019 \|work=[[Le Matin du Sahara et du Maghreb\|Le Matin]] \|date=5 October 2018 \|language=fr}}</ref> [[North Macedonia]], [[Poland]], [[Mongolia]], [[Romania]], [[Serbia]], [[Slovenia]],<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.bhtelecom.ba/portalnovost+M5c30c4559cc.html\|title=BH Telecom: BH Telecom - početna\|website=www.bhtelecom.ba\|access-date=25 April 2018\|url-status=live\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629193910/http://www.bhtelecom.ba/portalnovost+M5c30c4559cc.html\|archive-date=29 June 2017\|df=dmy-all}}</ref> the [[Netherlands]],<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.kpn.com/tv.htm\|title=Interactieve TV - Wat is Interactieve TV? - KPN\|website=www.kpn.com\|access-date=25 April 2018\|url-status=live\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091206083324/http://www.kpn.com/tv.htm\|archive-date=6 December 2009\|df=dmy-all}}</ref> [[Georgia (country)\|Georgia]], [[Greece]], [[Denmark]], [[Finland]], [[Estonia]], [[Czech Republic]], [[Slovakia]], [[Hungary]],<ref>[http://www.t-home.hu/lakossagi/tv/iptv T-Home.hu] {{webarchive \|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090917024737/http://www.t-home.hu/lakossagi/tv/iptv \|date=17 September 2009 }}</ref><ref>[http://www.invitv.hu/ InviTV.hu]{{dead link\|date=May 2017 \|bot=InternetArchiveBot \|fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> [[Norway]], [[Sweden]], [[Iceland]], [[Latvia]], [[Turkey]], [[Colombia]], [[Chile]] and [[Uzbekistan]].<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://uzonline.uz/ru/services/internet/#iptv_f\|title=UZONLINE - Тарифы на Интернет\|website=uzonline.uz\|access-date=25 April 2018\|url-status=dead\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180112172142/http://uzonline.uz/ru/services/internet/#iptv_f\|archive-date=12 January 2018\|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The [[United Kingdom]] launched IPTV early and after a slow initial growth, in February 2009 [[BT Group\|BT]] announced that it had reached 398,000 subscribers to its [[BT Vision]] service.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.iptv-news.com/iptv_news/february_09/bt_vision_passes_398k_subs_in_4q08\|title=Media + Networks\|website=www.iptv-news.com\|access-date=25 April 2018\|url-status=dead\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090722095603/http://www.iptv-news.com/iptv_news/february_09/bt_vision_passes_398k_subs_in_4q08\|archive-date=22 July 2009\|df=dmy-all}}</ref> A free IPTV service by the public broadcasters was launched in 2024 named [[Freely]]. [[Claro (mobile phone network)\|Claro]] has launched their own IPTV service called "Claro TV". This service is available in several countries in which they operate, such as [[Dominican Republic]], [[El Salvador]], [[Guatemala]], [[Honduras]], [[Nicaragua]]. IPTV is just beginning to grow in Central and Eastern Europe and Latin America, and now it is growing in South Asian countries such as [[Sri Lanka]], [[Nepal]] [[Pakistan]] and [[India]].<ref>[http://www.broadbandtvnews.com/?p=4685 "Salad days,"] {{webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080503153512/http://www.broadbandtvnews.com/?p=4685 \|date=3 May 2008 }} Chris Dziadul, ''Broadband TV News,'' 2 May 2008</ref> but significant plans exist in countries such as [[Russia]]. [[Kazakhstan]] introduced<ref>[http://www.iptv-industry.com/ar/23i.htm Delivering IPTV System to Kazakhtelecom] {{webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091110000552/http://www.iptv-industry.com/ar/23i.htm \|date=10 November 2009 }} Article from the IPTV industrial portal</ref> its own IPTV services by the national provider Kazakhtelecom JSC<ref>[http://www.telecom.kz/index.php?actn=home&uin=1240830886&lang=eng iD TV services for broadband subscribers in Kazakhstan] {{webarchive \|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111008005028/http://www.telecom.kz/index.php?actn=home&uin=1240830886&lang=eng \|date=8 October 2011 }} Kazakhtelecom JSC – iD TV service for Home users</ref> and content integrator Alacast under the "iD TV" brand in two major cities Astana and Almaty in 2009 and is about to go nationwide starting 2010.{{update after\|2010\|12\|31}} Australian ISP iiNet launched Australia's first IPTV with Fetch TV.<ref>[http://www.iinet.net.au/press/releases/20100818-iinet-age-of-terabyte-arrives.pdf iiNet's Age of Terabyte] {{webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101010194736/http://www.iinet.net.au/press/releases/20100818-iinet-age-of-terabyte-arrives.pdf \|date=10 October 2010 }} PDF from iiNet press release 18 August 2010</ref> In [[India]], IPTV was launched by [[MTNL]], [[BSNL]] and [[Jio]] in New Delhi, Mumbai and Punjab. [[APSFL]] is another IPTV provider in the state of [[Andhra Pradesh]]. Line 66 ⟶ 70: In the [[Philippines]], [[PLDT Incorporated\|PLDT]] offers [[Cignal]] IPTV services as an add-on in certain ADSL and fiber optic plans.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.pldt.com/news-center/article/2016/05/25/pldt-home-leads-fixed-broadband-market-adds-six-times-more-subscribers-than-competition\|title=PLDT HOME leads fixed broadband market, adds six times more subscribers than competition\|date=25 May 2016\|access-date=17 February 2016\|publisher=[[PLDT Incorporated]]\|url-status=live\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160529083030/http://www.pldt.com/news-center/article/2016/05/25/pldt-home-leads-fixed-broadband-market-adds-six-times-more-subscribers-than-competition\|archive-date=29 May 2016\|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web \|url=http://pldthome.com/fibr \|title=High Speed Fiber Optic Internet Connection \| PLDT HOME \|access-date=2017-02-17 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170126161218/http://pldthome.com/fibr \|archive-date=26 January 2017 \|df=dmy-all }}</ref> In [[Malaysia]], various companies have attempted to launch IPTV services since 2005. Failed PayTV provider [[MiTV]] attempted to use an IPTV-over-UHF service but the service failed to take off. [[Hypp TV\|HyppTV]] was supposed to use an IPTV-based system, but not true IPTV as it does not provide a set-top box and requires users to view channels using a computer. True IPTV providers available in the country at the moment are [[Fine TV]] and [[DETV]]. In Q2 2010, Telekom Malaysia launched IPTV services through their [[Fiber to the x\|fibre to the home]] product [[Unifi (internet service provider)\|Unifi]] in select areas. In April 2010, [[Astro (satellite TV)\|Astro]] began testing IPTV services on TIME dotCom Berhad's high-speed [[fiber to the home\|fibre to the home]] optical fibre network. In December 2010, [[Astro (satellite TV)\|Astro]] began trials with customers in high-rise condominium buildings around the Mont Kiara area. In April 2011, [[Astro (satellite TV)\|Astro]] commercially launched its IPTV services under the tag line "The One and Only Line You'll Ever Need", a triple play offering in conjunction with TIME dotCom Berhad that provides all the Astro programming via IPTV, together with voice telephone services and broadband Internet access all through the same fibre optic connection into the customer's home. In 2020, Astro launched "Plug-and-Play", which uses Unicast technology for streaming TV. In [[Turkey]], [[TTNET]] launched IPTV services under the name IPtivibu in 2010. It was available in pilot areas in the cities of Istanbul, İzmir and Ankara. As of 2011, IPTV service is launched as a large-scale commercial service and widely available across the country under the trademark "Tivibu EV".<ref>[http://www.ntvmsnbc.com/id/25185594/ "Turkey's iptv, Tivibu Ev is on air"] ''ntvmsnbc.com,'' 23 February 2011.</ref><ref>[http://www.tivibu.com.tr/ev "Tivibu Ev's Official Homepage"] ''tivibu.com/ev,'' 13 March 2011. {{webarchive \|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110224193159/http://www.tivibu.com.tr/ev \|date=24 February 2011 }}</ref> Superonline plans to provide IPTV under the different name "WebTV" in 2011. [[Türk Telekom]] started building the fibre optic substructure for IPTV in late 2007. Line 87 ⟶ 91: The centralised architecture model is a relatively simple and easy-to-manage solution. Because all media content is stored in centralised servers, it does not require a comprehensive content distribution system. Centralised architecture is generally good for a network that provides relatively small VOD service deployment, has adequate core and edge bandwidth or has an efficient [[content delivery network]] (CDN). A distributed architecture has bandwidth usage advantages and inherent system management features that are essential for managing a larger server network. Distributed architecture requires intelligent and sophisticated content distribution technologies to augment effective delivery of multimedia ~~contents~~content over the service provider's network.<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.inwf.com/pubs/print/aroc58_toc.html\|title=inwf.com \|website=www.inwf.com \|access-date=25 April 2018 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161222175000/http://www.inwf.com/pubs/print/aroc58_toc.html\|archive-date=22 December 2016 \|df=dmy-all}}</ref> ===Residential IPTV home networks=== Line 102 ⟶ 106: ==Protocols== IPTV supports both [[live TV]] as well as stored video-on-demand. Playback requires a device connected to either a fixed or wireless IP network in the form of a standalone [[personal computer]], [[smartphone]], [[Internet tablet\|touch screen tablet]], [[game console]], [[connected TV]] or [[Set-top box#IPTV receiver\|set-top box]]. Content is compressed by [[Video codec\|Video]] and [[audio codec]]s and then encapsulated in [[MPEG transport stream]] or [[Real-time Transport Protocol]] or other packets. IP multicasting allows for live data to be sent to multiple receivers using a single multicast group address. {{Update section\|date=December 2020}} In standards-based IPTV systems, the primary underlying protocols used are: * Service-provider-based streaming: ** [[IGMP]] for subscribing to a live multicast stream (TV channel) and for changing from one live multicast stream to another (TV channel change). IP multicast operates within LANs (including VLANs) and across WANs also.{{citation needed\|reason=Multicast is not supported on many WANs\|date=December 2020}} IP multicast is usually routed in the network core by [[Protocol Independent Multicast]] (PIM), setting up correct distribution of multicast streams (TV channels) from their source all the way to the customers who wants to view them, duplicating received packets as needed. On-demand content uses a negotiated unicast connection. [[Real-time Transport Protocol]] (RTP) over [[User Datagram Protocol]] (UDP) or the lower overhead [[H.222]] transport stream over [[Transmission Control Protocol]] (TCP) are generally the preferred methods of encapsulation. * [[World Wide Web\|Web]]-based unicast only live and VOD streaming: ** [[Adobe Flash Player]] prefers [[Real Time Messaging Protocol\|RTMP]] over TCP with setup and control via either [[Action Message Format\|AMF]] or [[XML]] or [[JSON]] transactions. Line 185 ⟶ 189: ==Privacy implications== Due to limitations in bandwidth, an IPTV channel is delivered to the user one at a time. Changing a channel requires requesting the head-end server to provide a different broadcast stream, much like VOD.{{efn\|For VOD, the stream is delivered using unicast whereas IPTV typically uses multicast.}} This could enable the service provider to accurately track each and every programme watched and the duration of watching for each viewer. In conjunction with regulatory differences between IPTV and cable TV, this tracking could pose a threat to privacy according to critics.<ref>[http://www.cedmagazine.com/iptv-privacy-risks.aspx IPTV privacy risks<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive \|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100105172921/http://www.cedmagazine.com/iptv-privacy-risks.aspx \|date=5 January 2010 }}</ref> For IP multicast scenarios, since a particular multicast group (TV channel) needs to be requested before it can be viewed, the same privacy concerns apply. ==Vendors== Line 196 ⟶ 200: ==Service bundling== For residential users, IPTV is often provided in conjunction with VOD and may be bundled with [[Internet service]]s such as Internet access and [[voice over Internet Protocol]] (VoIP) telecommunications services. Commercial bundling of IPTV, VoIP and Internet access is sometimes referred to in marketing as ''[[triple play (telecommunications)\|triple play]]'' service. When these three are offered with cellular service, the combined service may be referred to as ''[[quadruple play]]''. ==Regulation== Historically, ~~broadcast~~cable ~~television~~TV operators ~~has~~have been regulated differently from ~~telecommunications~~telecommunication operators. As IPTV allows TV and VOD to be transmitted over ~~telecommunications~~the ~~networks~~[[Internet]], new regulatory issues arise.<ref>{{cite web \|url= http://www.ericsson.com/ericsson/corpinfo/publications/ericsson_business_review/pdf/308/308_38_41_reshaping.pdf \|title= Ericsson report on need for regulation \|url-status= live \|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20081115174848/http://www.ericsson.com/ericsson/corpinfo/publications/ericsson_business_review/pdf/308/308_38_41_reshaping.pdf \|archive-date= 15 November 2008 \|df= dmy-all }} {{small\|(217 KB)}}</ref> Professor Eli M. Noam highlights in his report "TV or Not TV: Three Screens, One Regulation?" some of the key challenges with sector-specific regulation that is becoming obsolete due to convergence in this field.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.crtc.gc.ca/eng/media/noam2008.htm\|title=TV or Not TV: Three Screens, One Regulation?\|first=Government of Canada, Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission\|last=(CRTC)\|website=www.crtc.gc.ca\|date=3 September 2008 \|access-date=25 April 2018\|url-status=live\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171213034731/http://www.crtc.gc.ca/eng/media/noam2008.htm\|archive-date=13 December 2017\|df=dmy-all}}</ref~~><!--[[User:Kvng/RTH]]--~~> ==See also== * [[Comparison between OTT and IPTV]] * [[Comparison of streaming media systems]] * [[Comparison of video services]] * [[Content delivery network]] * [[~~Webcast~~DVB-IPTV]]▼ * [[List of music streaming services]] * [[~~List of streaming~~Over-the-top media ~~systems~~service]] * [[P2PTV]] * [[Protection of Broadcasts and Broadcasting Organizations Treaty]] * [[Sat-IP\|SAT>IP]] * [[Software as a service]] * [[Streaming ~~media~~television]] * [[TV gateway]] * [[Web television]] ▲* [[Webcast]] ==Notes== Line 229 ⟶ 226: [[Category:Digital television]] ~~[[Category:Film and video technology]]~~ [[Category:Internet broadcasting]] [[Category:Internet radio]] Line 236 ⟶ 232: [[Category:Television technology]] [[Category:Television terminology]] [[Category:~~Computer-related~~Internet ~~introductions~~properties established in 1995]] [[Category:Telecommunications-related introductions in 1995]] [[Category:1990s neologisms]]