Pembrokeshire: Difference between revisions

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{{shortShort description|County and historic county in southwest Wales}}
{{Good article}}
{{use British English|date=March 2020}}
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| name = Pembrokeshire
| native_name = {{native name|cy|Sir Benfro}}
| type = [[LocalPrincipal governmentareas inof Wales#Principal areas|County]]
| image_flag = Flag of Pembrokeshire.svg
| flag_size = 150
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| demographics1_title1 = Rank
| demographics1_info1 = [[List of Welsh principal areas by percentage Welsh language|Ranked 8th]]
| demographics1_title2 = Any skillsSpeakers
| demographics1_info2 = 2917.42%
| government_type = [[Pembrokeshire County Council]]
| leader_title = Control
| leader_name = {{Welsh council control|GSS=W06000009}}
| leader_title1 = [[List of MPs elected in the 20192024 United Kingdom general election|MPs]]
| leader_name1 = * [[SimonBen HartLake]] ([[ConservativePlaid Party (UK)Cymru|ConPC]])
* [[Henry Tufnell (Welsh politician)|Henry Tufnell]] ([[Labour Party UK|Lab]])
* [[Stephen Crabb]] (Con)
| leader_title2 = [[Members of the Senedd|MSs]]
| leader_name2 = * [[Samuel Kurtz]] ([[Welsh Conservatives|Con]])
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| official_name =
| image_skyline = Tenby Harbour - geograph.org.uk - 3983172.jpg
| image_caption = The harbour at [[Tenby]] in southeast Pembrokeshire
| image_alt = In the centre of the image is a wide, curved harbour with a sandy beach and a grassy cliff to the right. There are small boats moored in the harbour, and above the dark harbour walls are many pastel-coloured houses. Rising behind them to the left is a small hill with a tower.
}}
 
'''Pembrokeshire''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|p|ɛ|m|b|r|ʊ|k|ʃ|ɪər|,_|-|ʃ|ər}} {{respell|PEM|bruuk|sheer|,_-|shər}}; {{lang-cy|Sir Benfro}} {{IPA-cy|siːr ˈbɛnvrɔ|}}) is a [[LocalPrincipal governmentareas inof Wales#Principal areas|county]] in the [[South West Wales|south-west]] of [[Wales]]. It is bordered by [[Carmarthenshire]] to the east, [[Ceredigion]] to the northeast, and is otherwise surrounded by the sea.{{NoteTag|Clockwise from [[Carmarthen Bay]]: [[Bristol Channel]], [[Celtic Sea]]/[[Atlantic Ocean]], [[St George's Channel]]/[[Irish Sea]]. There are no clearly-defined boundaries between these bodies of water.}} [[Haverfordwest]] is the largest town and administrative headquarters of [[Pembrokeshire County Council]].
 
The county is generally sparsely populated and rural, with an area of {{Convert|200610|sqmi|km2}} and a population of 123,400. After Haverfordwest, the largest settlements are [[Milford Haven]] (13,907), [[Pembroke Dock]] (9,753), and [[Pembroke, Pembrokeshire|Pembroke]] (7,552). [[St Davids]] (1,841) is a city, the smallest by population in the UK. [[Welsh language|Welsh]] is spoken by 17.2 percent of the population, and for [[Landsker Line|historic reasons]] is more widely spoken in the north of the county than in the south.
 
Pembrokeshire's coast is its most dramatic geographic feature, created by the complex geology of the area. It is a varied landscape which includes high sea cliffs, wide sandy beaches, the large natural harbour of [[Milford Haven Waterway|Milford Haven]], and several offshore islands which are home to seabird colonies. Most of it is protected by [[Pembrokeshire Coast National Park]], and can be hiked on the {{convert|190|mi|adj=on}} [[Pembrokeshire Coast Path]]. The interior of Pembrokeshire is relatively flat and gently undulating, with the exception of the [[Preseli Mountains]] in the north.
 
There are many prehistoric sites in Pembrokeshire, particularly in the Preseli Mountains. During the Middle Ages several castles were built by the Normans, such as [[Pembroke Castle|Pembroke]] and [[Cilgerran Castle|Cilgerran]], and [[St Davids Cathedral|St David's Cathedral]] became an important pilgrimage site. During the [[Industrial Revolution]] the county remained relatively rural, with the exception of Milford Haven, which was developed as a port and [[Royal Navy]] [[Royal Navy Dockyard|dockyard]]. It is now the UK's third-largest port, primarily because of its two [[liquefied natural gas]] terminals. The economy of the county is now focused on agriculture, oil and gas, and tourism.
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:''See [[List of places in Pembrokeshire]] for a comprehensive list of settlements in Pembrokeshire.''
 
The county town is Haverfordwest. Other towns include [[Pembroke, Pembrokeshire|Pembroke]], [[Pembroke Dock]], [[Milford Haven]], [[Fishguard]], [[Tenby, Pembrokeshire|Tenby]], [[Narberth, Pembrokeshire|Narberth]], [[Neyland]] and [[Newport, Pembrokeshire|Newport]]. In the west of the county, [[St Davids]] is the United Kingdom's [[List of smallest cities in the United Kingdom|smallest city]] in terms of both size and population (1,841 in 2011). [[Saundersfoot]] is the most populous village (more than 2,500 inhabitants)<ref name="UKCensus2011Saunders"/> in Pembrokeshire. Less than 4 per cent of the county, according to [[Coordination of Information on the Environment|CORINE]], is built-on or green urban.<ref name="BBCNews9Nov2017"/>
 
==Geography==
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There are many known shipwrecks off the Pembrokeshire coast with many more undiscovered.<ref name="BBCNews26Oct2014"/><ref name="DiveWrecks"/> A [[Viking]] wreck off [[Smalls Lighthouse|The Smalls]] has protected status.<ref name="WO6Jan2018"/> The county has six [[List of RNLI stations#West Division|lifeboat stations]], the earliest of which was established in 1822; in 2015 a quarter of all [[Royal National Lifeboat Institution]] Welsh rescues took place off the Pembrokeshire coast.<ref name="MM27Jan2016"/>
 
[[File:View from Carn Menyn eastwards towards Foel Drigarn and Y Frenni 2011.jpg|thumb|alt=grey stone blocks in the foreground and hills in the background|View from the bluestone quarry to other peaks in the Preseli HillsPreselis]]
Pembrokeshire's diverse range of geological features was a key factor in the establishment of the Pembrokeshire Coast National Park and a number of sites of special scientific interest (SSSIs).<ref name="PCNPAGeology"/> In the north of the county are the Preseli HillsMountains, a wide stretch of high [[moorland]] supporting sheep farming and some forestry, with many [[prehistoric]] sites and the probable source of the [[bluestone]]s used in the construction of the inner circle of [[Stonehenge]] in England.<ref name="DATPreseli"/> The highest point is [[Foel Cwmcerwyn]] at {{convert|1759|ft|m}}, which is also the highest point in Pembrokeshire. Elsewhere in the county most of the land (86 per cent according to [[CORINE]]) is used for farming, compared with 60 per cent for Wales as a whole.<ref name="BBCNews9Nov2017"/>
 
===WildlifeBiodiversity===
Pembrokeshire's wildlife is diverse, with marine, estuary, ancient woodland, moorland and farmland habitats.<ref name="WWPembs"/><ref name="Guardian10Jul2012"/> The county has a number of seasonal seabird breeding sites, including for [[razorbill]], [[guillemot]], [[puffin]] and [[Manx shearwater]],<ref name="PCNPASeabirds"/> and rare endemic species such as the [[red-billed chough]];<ref name="Madge1994"/>{{rp|133&ndash;135}} Grassholm has a large gannet colony.<ref name="VPGrassholm"/> Seals,<ref name="VPSeals"/> several species of whales (including a rare [[humpback whale]] sightingsightings<ref inname="BBCNews14Aug2021" 2021/><ref name="BBCNews14Aug2021BBCNews20Jan2024" />), dolphins and porpoises can be seen off the Pembrokeshire coast; whale-watching boat trips are frequent, particularly during the summer months.<ref name="VPWhales"/> An appeal for otter sightings in 2014 yielded more than 100 responses,<ref name="BBCNews17Jun2014"/> and a rare visit by a walrus occurred in the spring of 2021.<ref name="BBCNews20Mar2021" />
 
Pembrokeshire is one of the few places in the UK that is home to the rare Southern damselfly, ''[[Coenagrion mercuriale]]'', which is found at several locations in the county, and whose numbers have been boosted by conservation work over a number of years.<ref name="BBCNews24Sep2020" />
 
Ancient woodland still exists, such as [[Tŷ Canol Wood]], where [[Fluorescence#In_nature|biofluorescence]], seen under [[ultraviolet]] light under the dark sky, is a feature that has led to the wood being described as "...one of the most magical and special woodlands in the UK."<ref name="BBCNews17Feb2024" />
 
==History==
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===20th century===
[[File:County of Pembroke War Memorial in Haverfordwest - geograph.org.uk - 3944816.jpg|thumb|Pembrokeshire County War Memorial, near County Hall]]
Throughout much of the 20th century (1911 to 1961) the population density in the county remained stable while it rose in England and Wales as a whole.<ref name="AVBTTPopDensity"/> There was considerable military activity in Pembrokeshire and offshore in the 20th century: a naval base at Milford Haven because [[U-boat campaign|German U-boats]] were active off the coast in [[World War I]]<ref name="WT12Nov2018"/> and, in [[World War II]], military exercises in the Preseli HillsMountains and a number of military airfields.<ref name="Thomas2013"/> The wartime increase in air activity saw a number of aircraft accidents and fatalities, often due to unfamiliarity with the terrain.<ref name="DATMilAirCrash"/> From 1943 to 1944, 5,000 soldiers from the United States Army's [[110th Infantry Regiment (United States)|110th Infantry Regiment]] were based in the county, preparing for [[D-Day]].<ref name="BBCNews19Mar2019"/><ref name="BBCNews22Oct2019"/> Military and industrial targets in the county were subjected to bombing during World War II.<ref name="PVMAirRaids"/> After the end of the war, German prisoners of war were accommodated in Pembrokeshire, the largest prison being at Haverfordwest, housing 600.<ref name="WT19Nov2013"/> The [[County of Pembroke War Memorial]] in Haverfordwest carries the names of 1,200 of those that perished in World War I.<ref name="WarMem" />
 
In 1972, a second reservoir for south Pembrokeshire, at [[Llys y Fran]], was completed.<ref name="VPLlysyFranCP"/>
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===Population===
Pembrokeshire's population was 122,439 at the 2011 census,<ref name="UKCensusData"/> increasing marginally to 123,400 at the 2021 census. 66.4 per cent of residents were born in Wales, while 27.5 per cent were born in England.<ref name="Census2021">{{Cite web |title=How life has changed in Pembrokeshire: Census 2021 |url=https://www.ons.gov.uk/visualisations/censusareachanges/W06000009/ |access-date=2023-06-04 |website=Office for National Statistics |language=en}}</ref>
 
===Language===
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===Religion===
In 1851, a religious census of Pembrokeshire showed that of 70 per cent of the population, 53 per cent were [[Nonconformist (Protestantism)|nonconformist]]s and 17 per cent Church of England (now [[Church in Wales]], in the [[Diocese of St Davids]]).<ref name="Jones2017"/> The 2001 census for Preseli Pembrokeshire constituency showed that 74 per cent were Christian and 25 per cent of no religion (or not stated), with other religions totalling less than 1 per cent. This approximatesapproximated to the figures for the whole of Wales.<ref name="UKcensus2011Preseli"/> By 2021, 43 per cent reported "no religion", while 48.8 per cent described themselves as Christian. 6.6 per cent did not state their religion, and the remainder represented a number of other religions combined.<ref name="Census2021" />
 
===Ethnicity===
In 2001, Preseli Pembrokeshire constituency was 99 per cent white European, marginally lower than in 1991, compared with 98 per cent for the whole of Wales. 71 per cent identified their place of birth as Wales and 26 per cent as from elsewhere in the UK.<ref name="UKcensus2011Preseli"/> In 2021, 52.7 per cent of residents identified as "Welsh only", a slight decrease since 2011.<ref name="Census2021" />
 
==Governance, politics and public services==
{{multiple image
[[File:Haverfordwest Shire Hall (geograph 4296466).jpg|thumb|left|The [[Shire Hall, Haverfordwest]]]]
| width =
Under the [[Local Government Act 1888]], an elected [[Pembrokeshire County Council, 1889-1974|county council]] was set up to take over the functions of the Pembrokeshire [[Quarter Sessions]]. It was based at the [[Shire Hall, Haverfordwest]].<ref>{{NHAW|num=12110|desc= The Shire Hall|access-date=5 October 2021}}</ref> This and the administrative county of Pembrokeshire were abolished under the [[Local Government Act 1972]], with Pembrokeshire forming two districts of the new county of [[Dyfed]]: [[South Pembrokeshire]] and [[Preseli Pembrokeshire|Preseli]] – the split being made at the request of local authorities in the area.<ref name="Wood1976"/> In 1996, under the [[Local Government (Wales) Act 1994]], the county of Dyfed was broken up into its constituent parts, and Pembrokeshire has been a [[unitary authority]] since then.<ref name="Hansard23Jun2009"/> A new [[County Hall, Haverfordwest|County Hall]] was built in 1999 in Haverfordwest and serves as the county council's headquarters. In 2017 [[Pembrokeshire County Council]] had 60 members and no political party in overall control; there were 34 [[Independent (politician)|independent]] councillors.<ref name="PCCCouncillors"/> In 2009, the question of county names and [[Royal Mail]] postal addresses was raised in the Westminster parliament; it was argued that Royal Mail's continued use of the county address Dyfed was causing concern and confusion in the Pembrokeshire business community.<ref name="Hansard23Jun2009"/> The Royal Mail has subsequently ceased requiring county names to be used in postal addresses. In 2018, Pembrokeshire County Council increased [[council tax]] by 12.5 per cent, the largest increase since 2004, but the county's council tax remains the lowest in Wales.<ref name="BBCNews26Sep2018"/> The county is part of the [[Swansea Bay City Region]].
[[File:| image1 = Haverfordwest Shire Hall (geograph 4296466).jpg|thumb|left|The [[Shire Hall, Haverfordwest]]]]
| alt1 = Haverfordwest Shire Hall
[[File:| image2 = Pembrokeshire County Hall (east front).jpg|thumb|[[County Hall, Haverfordwest]]]]
| alt2 = Pembrokeshire County Hall
| footer = The [[Shire Hall, Haverfordwest]] (left) and [[County Hall, Haverfordwest]] (right).
| total_width = 400
}}
Under the [[Local Government Act 1888]], an elected [[Pembrokeshire County Council, 1889-1974|county council]] was set up to take over the functions of the Pembrokeshire [[Quarter Sessions]]. It was based at the [[Shire Hall, Haverfordwest]].<ref>{{NHAW|num=12110|desc= The Shire Hall|access-date=5 October 2021}}</ref> This and the administrative county of Pembrokeshire were abolished under the [[Local Government Act 1972]], with Pembrokeshire forming two districts of the new county of [[Dyfed]]: [[South Pembrokeshire]] and [[Preseli Pembrokeshire|Preseli]] – the split being made at the request of local authorities in the area.<ref name="Wood1976" /> In 1996, under the [[Local Government (Wales) Act 1994]], the county of Dyfed was broken up into its constituent parts, and Pembrokeshire has been a [[unitary authority]] since then.<ref name="Hansard23Jun2009" /> A new [[County Hall, Haverfordwest|County Hall]] was built in 1999 in Haverfordwest and serves as the county council's headquarters. In 2017 [[Pembrokeshire County Council]] had 60 members and no political party in overall control; there were 34 [[Independent (politician)|independent]] councillors.<ref name="PCCCouncillors" /> In 2009, the question of county names and [[Royal Mail]] postal addresses was raised in the Westminster parliament; it was argued that Royal Mail's continued use of the county address Dyfed was causing concern and confusion in the Pembrokeshire business community.<ref name="Hansard23Jun2009" /> The Royal Mail has subsequently ceased requiring county names to be used in postal addresses. In 2018, Pembrokeshire County Council increased [[council tax]] by 12.5 per cent, the largest increase since 2004, but the county's council tax remains the lowest in Wales.<ref name="BBCNews26Sep2018" /> The county is part of the [[Swansea Bay City Region]].
 
[[File:Pembrokeshire County Hall (east front).jpg|thumb|[[County Hall, Haverfordwest]]]]
The Pembrokeshire (Communities) Order 2011 established the most recent arrangement of [[Community (Wales)|communities]] (the successors to civil parishes) in the county which have their own councils; see the foot of this page for a list of communities.<ref name="NAPCO2011"/>
 
SinceFrom 2010 to 2024, Pembrokeshire has returned two [[Welsh Conservatives|Conservative]] MPs to the [[Parliament of the United Kingdom]] at Westminster: Stephen Crabb for [[Preseli Pembrokeshire (UK Parliament constituency)|Preseli Pembrokeshire]] and [[Simon Hart]] for [[Carmarthen West and South Pembrokeshire (UK Parliament constituency)|South Pembrokeshire]] which is represented jointly with West Carmarthenshire.<ref name="BBCNews7May2010"/> The corresponding [[Member of the Senedd|Members of the Senedd]] (MSs) returned to the [[Senedd]] (Welsh Parliament) in Cardiff are [[Paul Davies (Welsh politician)|Paul Davies]] and [[Samuel Kurtz]] respectively, both Conservatives.<ref name="WO6May2016"/>
[[File:2024 Wales Pembrokeshire Constituencies map.svg|thumb|150x150px|The two UK parliament constituencies covering Pembrokeshire (in pink) from 2024. 1 = [[Mid and South Pembrokeshire (UK Parliament constituency)|Mid and South Pembrokeshire]], 2 = [[Ceredigion Preseli (UK Parliament constituency)|Ceredigion Preseli]].]]
From 2024, Pembrokeshire would be in the [[Ceredigion Preseli (UK Parliament constituency)|Ceredigion Preseli]] and [[Mid and South Pembrokeshire (UK Parliament constituency)|Mid and South Pembrokeshire]] UK Parliament constituencies.<ref name="ParlReview2023"/>
 
Pembrokeshire is served by the [[Mid and West Wales Fire and Rescue Service]]<ref name="MAWWFire"/> and [[Dyfed-Powys Police]].<ref name="DPPolice"/>
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==Transport==
[[Image:Cleddau_bridge1.jpg|thumb|alt=modern bridge spanning a broad river|[[Cleddau Bridge]]]]
There are no motorways in Pembrokeshire; the nearest is the [[M4 motorway]] from London which terminates at the [[Pont Abraham services]] in Carmarthenshire some {{convert|46|mi}} from Haverfordwest. The [[A40 road|A40]] crosses Pembrokeshire from the border with Carmarthenshire westwards to Haverfordwest, then northwards to Fishguard.<ref name="BingMaps"/> The [[A477 road|A477]] from [[St. Clears]] to Pembroke Dock is {{convert|24|mi}} long, of which only {{convert|2|mi}} are dual carriageway. The [[Cleddau Bridge]], toll-free from 28 March 2019,<ref name="BBCNews28Mar2019"/> carries the A477 across the [[River Cleddau|Cleddau Estuary]]. The [[A478 road|A478]] traverses eastern Pembrokeshire from Tenby in the south to [[Cardigan, Ceredigion]] in the north, a distance of {{convert|30|mi}}. The [[A487 road|A487]] is the other major route, running northwest from Haverfordwest to St Davids, then northeast following the coast, through Fishguard and Newport, to the boundary with Ceredigion at Cardigan.<ref name="BingMaps"/> Owing to length restrictions in Fishguard, some freight vehicles are not permitted to travel northeast from Fishguard but must take a longer route via Haverfordwest and Narberth.<ref name="WT27Jun2010"/> The [[B4329 road|B4329]] former turnpike runs from [[Eglwyswrw]] in the north to Haverfordwest across the Preseli HillsPreselis.<ref name="OS145_157_158"/>
 
The main towns in the county are covered by regular bus and train services operated by [[First Cymru]] (under their "Western Welsh" livery), [[Transport for Wales Rail]] and sometimes [[Great Western Railway (train operating company)|Great Western Railway]] respectively, and many villages by local bus services, or community or education transport.<ref name="PCCPublicTransport"/>
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The Pembrokeshire coastline is a major draw to tourists; in 2011 National Geographic Traveller magazine voted the Pembrokeshire Coast the second best in the world and in 2015 the Pembrokeshire Coast National Park was listed among the top five parks in the world by a travel writer for the Huffington Post.<ref name="WT22May2015"/> [[Countryfile]] Magazine readers voted the Pembrokeshire Coast the top UK holiday destination in 2018,<ref name="VPCountryfileJan2018"/> and in 2019 [[Which?|Consumers' Association]] members placed Tenby and St Davids in the top three best value beach destinations in Britain.<ref name="CA2019"/> With few large urban areas, Pembrokeshire is a "dark sky" destination.<ref name="PCNPDarkSky"/> The many wrecks off the Pembrokeshire coast attract divers.<ref name="DiveWrecks"/> The decade from 2012 saw significant, increasing numbers of [[Atlantic bluefin tuna]], not seen since the 1960s, and now seen by some as an opportunity to encourage tourist sport fishing.<ref name="BBCNews1Apr2021" />
 
[[Image:Pembrokeshire (15).jpg|thumb|alt=People surfing at a beach in Pembrokeshire|People surfing at a beach in Pembrokeshire]]
The county has a number of theme and animal parks (examples are [[Folly Farm Adventure Park and Zoo]], [[Manor House Wildlife Park]], [[Blue Lagoon Water Park, Pembrokeshire|Blue Lagoon Water Park]] and [[Oakwood Theme Park]]), museums and other visitor attractions including [[Castell Henllys]] reconstructed [[Iron Age]] fort, [[Tenby Lifeboat Station]] and [[Torch Theatre, Milford Haven|Milford Haven's Torch Theatre]].<ref name="VPWelcome"/> There are 21 marked cycle trails around the county.<ref name="PCCCycle"/>
 
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| 2020 || ''[[The Pembrokeshire Murders]]'' (TV series) || Goodwick, Fishguard, Freshwater East, coast path || <ref name="BBCNews7Jan2021"/><ref name="RadioTimes13Jan2021" />
|-
| 2021 || ''[[The Toll (2021 film)|The Toll]]'' || [[Dale, Pembrokeshire| Dale]], [[Preseli HillsMountains]], [[Rosebush, Pembrokeshire|Rosebush]], [[Scolton Manor]] || <ref name="ClarkeAug2021" />
|}
 
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===Sport===
As the national sport of Wales, [[Welsh Rugby Union|rugby union]] is widely played throughout the county at both town and village level. [[Haverfordwest RFC]], founded in 1875, is a feeder club for [[Scarlets|Llanelli Scarlets]]. Village team [[Crymych RFC]] in 2014 plays in [[WRU Division One West]].<ref name="SWALECLeague"/> There are numerous football clubs in the county, playing in five leagues with [[Haverfordwest County A.F.C.]] competing in the [[Cymru Premier]].<ref name="PSFootball"/>
 
Triathlon event ''[[Ironman Triathlon|Ironman Wales]]'' has been held in Pembrokeshire since 2011, contributing £3.7&nbsp;million to the local economy, and the county committed in 2017 to host the event for a further five years.<ref name="BBCNews7Sep2017"/> ''Ras Beca'', a mixed road, fell and cross country race attracting UK-wide competitors, has been held in the Preseli HillsPreselis annually since 1977. The record of 32 minutes 5 seconds has stood since 1995.<ref name="TA13Aug2014"/> Pembrokeshire Harriers athletics club was formed in 2001 by the amalgamation of Cleddau Athletic Club (established 1970) and Preseli Harriers (1989) and is based in Haverfordwest.<ref name="PemHarriers"/>
 
The annual Tour of Pembrokeshire [[road bicycle racing|road-cycling]] event takes place over routes of optional length.<ref name="TourofPemb"/> The 4th Tour, in April 2015, attracted 1,600 riders including Olympic gold medallist [[Chris Boardman]]<ref name="PH22Apr2015"/> and there were 1,500 entrants to the 2016 event.<ref name="PH20May2016"/> Part of Route 47 of the [[Celtic Trail cycle route]] is in Pembrokeshire. The [[Llys y Fran]] [[Hillclimbing|Hillclimb]] is an annual event run by Swansea Motor Club,<ref name="MSCLyFClimb"/> and there are several other county motoring events held each year.<ref name="BBCNews10Jun2019"/>
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<ref name="BBCNews14Aug2021">{{cite news |publisher= BBC News |url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-58214562 |date= 14 August 2021 |title= Humpback whale spotted off Pembrokeshire coast |access-date= 14 August 2021 }}</ref>
<ref name="BBCNews26Oct2021">{{cite news|publisher=BBC News|date=26 October 2021|title=Coal tips: Areas of Wales with most higher-risk sites revealed|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-politics-59041863|access-date=3 November 2021}}</ref>
<ref name="BBCNews20Jan2024">{{cite news|publisher=BBC News|date=20 January 2024|title=Pembrokeshire: Humpback whale spotted near Welsh port|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-68036506|access-date=21 January 2024}}</ref>
<ref name="BBCNews17Feb2024">{{cite news|title=Biofluorescence: Unseen world of the Celtic rainforest revealed by UV|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-68301119|access-date=17 February 2024}}</ref>
<ref name="BCWProject">{{cite web |url= http://bcw-project.org/timelines/1649 |publisher= BCW Project |title= Timelines: 1649 |access-date= 28 November 2016}}</ref>
<ref name="BingMaps">{{Cite map |title= Pembrokeshire |publisher= Microsoft |map = Pembrokeshire |access-date = 31 January 2018 |map-url= https://www.bing.com/maps/?mkt=en-gb&v=2&cp=51.845~-4.842222&lvl=14&sp=Point.51.845_-4.842222_Pembrokeshire&sty=s}}</ref>
<ref name="BLComitat">{{cite web |title= Penbrok comitat |publisher= [[British Library]] |access-date= 28 April 2019 |url= http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/onlineex/unvbrit/p/001map00000c7c1u00035000.html |archive-date= 27 September 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210927183108/http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/onlineex/unvbrit/p/001map00000c7c1u00035000.html |url-status= dead }}</ref>
<ref name="CA2019">{{cite web |title= Best value British beach towns |publisher= Consumers Association |url= https://www.which.co.uk/reviews/destinations/article/best-value-british-beach-towns |access-date= 24 August 2019 }}</ref>
<ref name="ClarkeAug2021">{{cite web |last= Clarke |first= Cath |title= The Toll review – toll booth man with no name fights back in jokey Welsh western |url= https://www.theguardian.com/film/2021/aug/27/the-toll-review/ |work= [[The Guardian]] |date= 27 August 2021 |access-date= 4 April 2023}}</ref>
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<ref name="CRWFlags">{{cite web |title= Pembrokeshire flag |publisher= CRW Flags Inc. |website= CRWFlags.com |url= http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/gb-wpemb.html |access-date= 6 July 2016}}</ref>
<ref name="CWDoC">{{cite web |title= Directory Of Clubs |publisher= Cricket Wales |url= http://www.cricketwales.org.uk/clubs.aspx |access-date= 29 January 2018}}</ref>
<ref name="DATMilAirCrash">{{cite web |title= Military aircraft crash sites in south-west Wales |publisher= Dyfed Archaeological Trust |url= http://www.dyfedarchaeology.org.uk/projects/crashsites2012-13.pdf |access-date= 5 May 2019 |archive-date= 23 September 2015 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150923221138/http://www.dyfedarchaeology.org.uk/projects/crashsites2012-13.pdf |url-status= dead }}</ref>
<ref name="DATPreseli">{{cite web |publisher= Dyfed Archaeological Trust |title= Mynydd Preseli |url= http://www.dyfedarchaeology.org.uk/HLC/Preseli/area/area281.htm |access-date= 28 November 2016}}</ref>
<ref name="DATWiston">{{cite web |title= Dyfed Archaeological Trust: Wiston Roman Fort |url= http://www.dyfedarchaeology.org.uk/digdiaries2013/wiston.html |access-date= 13 August 2019 |archive-date= 14 October 2013 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131014172758/http://www.dyfedarchaeology.org.uk/digdiaries2013/wiston.html |url-status= dead }}</ref>
<ref name="Davies1994">{{cite book |first= John |last= Davies |title= A History of Wales |date= 1994 |publisher= Penguin |location= London |isbn= 978-0-14-014581-6}}</ref>
<ref name="Davies1995">{{cite book |last= Davies |first= Gilli |title= A Taste of Wales |publisher= Pavilion Books |location= London |edition= First |date= 1995 |isbn= 978-1-85793-293-5}}</ref>
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<ref name="HowellsGeoHistPembs">{{cite web |last1= Howells |first1= Sid | title= Geological History of Pembrokeshire |url= http://www.pembrokeshireonline.co.uk/geology2.htm| website= pembrokeshireonline.co.uk |access-date= 21 June 2016}}</ref>
<ref name="Ind16Jun2011">{{cite news |last= Searle |first= Ian |title= Education: the age of uncertainty |url= https://www.independent.co.uk/news/education/further/education-the-age-of-uncertainty-2298154.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220525/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/education/further/education-the-age-of-uncertainty-2298154.html |archive-date=25 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |newspaper= The Independent |date= 16 June 2011 |access-date= 25 January 2015}}</ref>
<ref name="JofHC1803">{{cite book |title= Journals of the House of Commons |volume= 46 |publisher= HM Stationery Office |location= London |date= 1803 |website= google.co.uk |access-date= 17 May 2015 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=QhlDAAAAcAAJ&q=Poll+Tax+Inn}}</ref>
<ref name="John1972">{{cite journal |first= Brian |last= John |title= The Linguistic Significance of the Pembrokeshire Landsker |journal= The Pembrokeshire Historian |volume= 4 |publisher= The Pembrokeshire Community Council |location= Haverfordwest |date= 1972 |access-date= 22 February 2019 |url= https://journals.library.wales/view/1041698/1041935/8#?xywh=23%2C-806%2C2462%2C2165}}</ref>
<ref name="Johnston1959">{{cite DWB |last= Johnston |first= Samuel Henry Fergus |title= PICTON, Sir THOMAS (1758-1815), a soldier |date= 1959 |id=s-PICT-THO-1758 |access-date= 31 January 2018}}</ref>
Line 464 ⟶ 478:
<ref name="NAPCO2011">{{cite web |title= The Pembrokeshire (Communities) Order 2011 |at= 2011 No. 683 (W.101) |date= 7 March 2011 |publisher= The National Archive |website= legislation.gov.uk |access-date=18 December 2017 |url= http://www.legislation.gov.uk/wsi/2011/683/made}}</ref>
<ref name="NatGeo2Nov2017">{{cite magazine |magazine= National Geographic |title= Pembrokeshire Coast National Park, Wales |url= https://www.nationalgeographic.co.uk/travel-and-adventure/2017/11/pembrokeshire-coast-national-park-wales |date= 2 November 2017 |access-date= 23 January 2022}}</ref>
<ref name="NATSHaverfordwest">{{cite web |title= Haverfordwest - EGFE |publisher= NATS Aeronautical Information Service |url= http://www.nats-uk.ead-it.com/public/index.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26task%3Dblogcategory%26id%3D75%26Itemid%3D124.html |access-date= 16 October 2016 |archive-date= 16 February 2012 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120216020037/http://www.nats-uk.ead-it.com/public/index.php?option=com_content&task=blogcategory&id=75&Itemid=124.html |accessurl-datestatus= 16dead October 2016}}</ref>
<ref name="NHSSouthPembs">{{cite web |title= South Pembrokeshire Hospital |publisher= University Health Board |website= wales.nhs.uk |url= http://www.wales.nhs.uk/sitesplus/862/page/93340 |date= 3 October 2018 |access-date= 4 March 2019}}</ref>
<ref name="NHSTenby">{{cite web |title= Tenby Cottage Hospital |publisher= Pembrokeshire and Derwen NHS Trust |website= wales.nhs.uk |date= March 2006 |url= http://www.wales.nhs.uk/sites3/Documents/254/2007%20Issue%209%20TenbyCottageHosp.pdf |access-date= 29 November 2016}}</ref>
Line 472 ⟶ 486:
<ref name="OS145_157_158">{{Cite map |year = 2007 |title = Pembrokeshire |edition = Landranger |sections= 145, 157, 158 |publisher= Ordnance Survey }}</ref>
<ref name="Owen1994">{{cite book |last= Owen |first= George |editor-last= Miles |editor-first= Dillwyn |title= The Description of Pembrokeshire |publisher= Gomer Press |location= Llandysul |edition= First |date= 1994 |isbn= 978-1-85902-120-0}}</ref>
 
<ref name="ParlReview2023">{{Cite web |title= 2023 Parliamentary Review - Revised Proposals {{!}} Boundary Commission for Wales |date= 19 October 2022 |url= https://bcomm-wales.gov.uk/reviews/10-22/2023-parliamentary-review-revised-proposals |access-date= 20 June 2023 |website= [[Boundary Commission for Wales]]}}</ref>
 
<ref name="PCCCouncillors">{{cite web |title= Your Councillors |publisher= Pembrokeshire County Council |url= http://mgenglish.pembrokeshire.gov.uk/mgMemberIndex.aspx?FN=PARTY&VW=LIST&PIC=0 |access-date= 18 December 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="PCCCycle">{{cite web |title= Pembrokeshire County Council: Cycle Pembrokeshire |date= 23 March 2018 |url= https://www.pembrokeshire.gov.uk/cycle-pembrokeshire |access-date= 25 August 2019 }}</ref>
Line 515 ⟶ 532:
<ref name="TFWRouteMap">{{cite web |publisher= Transport for Wales |title= Route Map |url= https://tfwrail.wales/route-map |access-date= 3 March 2019}}</ref>
<ref name="TGCaldeyFerry">{{cite web |title= Caldey Island |publisher= Tenby Guide |access-date= 1 February 2018 |url= http://www.tenbyguide.com/caldey.asp }}</ref>
<ref name="Thomas2013">{{cite book |editor-last= Thomas |editor-first= Roger |title= A Guide to the Military Heritage of Pembrokeshire |others= Compiled by local historians |date= 2013 |publisher= Planed |website= yudu.com |url= http://content.yudu.com/Library/A1qcir/PembrokeshireMilitar/resources/41.htm |access-date= 22 June 2014}}</ref>
<ref name="TourofPemb">{{cite web |title= Tour of Pembrokeshire |website= tourofpembrokeshire.co.uk |url= http://www.tourofpembrokeshire.co.uk/ |access-date= 30 April 2015}}</ref>
<ref name="Tucker1983">{{cite book |last= Tucker |first= Gordon & Mary |editor-last= Griffith-Jones |editor-first= Bill |title= The old slate industry of Pembrokeshire and other parts of South Wales |publisher= National Library of Wales journal |location= Aberystwyth |volume= XXIII/2, Winter |date= 1983 |url= http://www.genuki.org.uk/big/wal/Archives/NLWjournals/Slate}}</ref>
Line 521 ⟶ 538:
<ref name="UKcensus2011Preseli">{{cite web |title= 2001 Census of Population for Preseli Pembrokeshire |version= Research Paper 03/044 |publisher= Assembly Wales |date= April 2003 |url= http://www.assembly.wales/NAfW%20Documents/03-044.pdf%20-%2002052007/03-044-English.pdf |access-date= 19 December 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="UKCensus2011Saunders">{{cite web |url= http://www.ukcensusdata.com/saundersfoot-w05000450#sthash.siB2LfnW.dpbs |title= Saundersfoot: Ward and community population 2011 |publisher= UK Census Data |access-date= 21 April 2011 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160304034112/http://www.ukcensusdata.com/saundersfoot-w05000450#sthash.siB2LfnW.dpbs |archive-date= 4 March 2016 |url-status= dead }}</ref>
<ref name="UKCensusData">{{cite web |title= Pembrokeshire |publisher= UK Census data |access-date= 16 December 2017 |url= http://www.ukcensusdata.com/pembrokeshire-w06000009#sthash.Hj2D8vYQ.dpbs |archive-date= 25 January 2018 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180125141912/http://www.ukcensusdata.com/pembrokeshire-w06000009#sthash.Hj2D8vYQ.dpbs |url-status= dead }}</ref>
<ref name="VPBeachesMay2017">{{cite web |title= Pembrokeshire's award winning beaches |publisher= Visit Pembrokeshire |url= http://www.visitpembrokeshire.com/latest-news/may-2017/pembrokeshire-award-winning-beaches-2017/ |date= May 2017 |access-date= 3 February 2018}}</ref>
<ref name="VPCountryfileJan2018">{{cite web |title= BBC Countryfile Magazine Awards 2018 |publisher= Visit Pembrokeshire |url= http://www.visitpembrokeshire.com/latest-news/january-2018/countryfile-magazine-awards-2018/ |date= January 2018 |access-date= 26 March 2018 }}</ref>
Line 527 ⟶ 544:
<ref name="VPGrassholmFerry">{{cite web |title= Grassholm Island |publisher= Visit Pembrokeshire |url= http://www.visitpembrokeshire.com/explore-pembrokeshire/wildlife-and-nature/grassholm-island/ |access-date= 1 February 2018}}</ref>
<ref name="VPGwaun">{{cite web |title= Theatr Gwaun |publisher= Visit Pembrokeshire |url= http://www.visitpembrokeshire.com/attractions-events/theatr-gwaun/ |access-date= 7 February 2018}}</ref>
<ref name="VPLlysyFranCP">{{cite web |title= Llys y Fran Reservoir and Country Park |access-date= 4 July 2014 |url= http://www.visitpembrokeshire.com/attractions-events/llys-y-fran-reservoir-country-park/ |archive-date= 14 January 2019 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190114080532/http://www.visitpembrokeshire.com/attractions-events/llys-y-fran-reservoir-country-park/ |url-status= dead }}</ref>
<ref name="VPMuseums">{{cite web |title= Museums and art galleries |publisher= Visit Pembrokeshire |url= http://www.visitpembrokeshire.com/attractions-events/museums-and-galleries/ |access-date= 7 February 2018}}</ref>
<ref name="VPMusic">{{cite web |title= Music in Pembrokeshire |publisher= Visit Pembrokeshire |url= http://www.visitpembrokeshire.com/attractions-events/music/ |access-date= 7 February 2018}}</ref>