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| image = Hamamatsucho Building.jpg
| image_caption = Toshiba's headquarters in [[Minato, Tokyo]], Japan
| type = [[
| traded_as = {{TYO was|6502}}
| area_served = Worldwide
| key_people = {{ubl
|Taro Shimada ([[Chief executive officer|CEO]])
|Satoshi Tsunakawa ([[chairman]])
}}
| industry = [[Conglomerate (company)|Conglomerate]]
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}}
{{Nihongo|'''Toshiba Corporation'''|株式会社東芝|Kabushikigaisha Tōshiba|extra={{IPAc-en|lang|t|ə|ˈ|ʃ|iː|b|ə|,_|t|ɒ|-|,_|t|oʊ|-}}{{refn|{{Citation |last=Jones |first=Daniel |title=English Pronouncing Dictionary |year=2003 |editor-last=Peter Roach |orig-year=1917 |place=Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=3-12-539683-2 |author-link=Daniel Jones (phonetician) |editor2-last=James Hartmann |editor3-last=Jane Setter}}}}}} is a Japanese [[multinational corporation|multinational]] electronics company headquartered in [[Minato, Tokyo|Minato]], [[Tokyo]], [[Japan]]. Its diversified products and services include power, industrial and social infrastructure systems, elevators and escalators, electronic components, [[semiconductor]]s, [[hard disk drive]]s (HDD), printers, batteries, lighting, as well as [[Information technology|IT]] solutions such as [[quantum cryptography]] which has been in development at Cambridge Research Laboratory, Toshiba Europe, located in the [[United Kingdom]], now being commercialised.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=1 April 2020 |title=TOSHIBA GROUP MANAGEMENT ORGANIZATION CHART |url=https://www.toshiba.co.jp/worldwide/about/or-e.pdf |website=Toshiba Corp.}}</ref><ref name="quantumToshiba">{{Cite web |title=Toshiba to launch quantum cryptography services this year |url=https://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Technology/Toshiba-to-launch-quantum-cryptography-services-this-year |access-date=27 July 2020 |website=Nikkei Asian Review |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web
The Toshiba name is derived from its former name, '''Tokyo Shibaura Denki K.K.''' ('''Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co., Ltd''') which in turn was a 1939 merger between [[Shibaura Seisakusho|Shibaura Seisaku-sho]] (founded in 1875) and [[Hakunetsusha|Tokyo Denki]] (founded in 1890). The company name was officially changed to Toshiba Corporation in 1978. It was listed on the [[Tokyo Stock Exchange]] from 1949 to 2023 where it was a constituent of the [[Nikkei 225]] and [[TOPIX]] 100 indices (leaving both in August 2018, but returned to the latter in 2021), and the [[Nagoya Stock Exchange]].
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Toshiba announced on 12 November 2021 that it would split into three separate companies, respectively focusing on infrastructure, electronic devices, and all other remaining assets; the latter would retain the Toshiba name. It expected to complete the plan by March 2024,<ref name="Breakup - WSJ" /> but the plan was challenged by stockholders, and at an extraordinary general meeting on 24 March 2022, they rejected the plan. They also rejected an alternative plan put forward by a large institutional investor that would have had the company search for buyers among private equity firms.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Lewis |first1=Leo |last2=Slodkowski |first2=Antoni |title=Toshiba shareholders reject management's plan to split company |url=https://www.ft.com/content/8083091c-f8b3-41d3-a4f5-0da8af803cb1 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/https://www.ft.com/content/8083091c-f8b3-41d3-a4f5-0da8af803cb1 |archive-date=10 December 2022 |url-access=subscription |website=Financial Times |date=24 March 2022}}</ref>
In March 2023, however, the company announced it had accepted a {{JPY|2|link=yes}}{{nbsp}}trillion ({{US$|15|long=no}}{{nbsp}}billion) buyout offer from a consortium led by [[Japan Industrial Partners]] (JIP), a Tokyo-based private equity firm.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Landers |first=Peter |title=Toshiba Announces $15 Billion Plan to Be Taken Private |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/toshiba-announces-15-billion-plan-to-be-taken-private-b090f9fb |access-date=23 March 2023 |newspaper=Wall Street Journal |date=23 March 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref>
On December 22, 2023, it was announced that JIP's purchase of the company had been completed.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.businessworld.in/article/Toshiba-Completes-14-Bn-Buyout-Identifies-Chip-Production-Priority-/22-12-2023-503215/|title=Toshiba Completes $14 Bn Buyout, Identifies Chip Production Priority|work=BW BusinessWorld|access-date=2024-01-20|language=en}}</ref> This occurs two days after being delisted.
==History==
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===Hakunetsusha (Tokyo Denki)===
{{Nihongo|'''Hakunetsusha'''|白熱舎}} was a company established by [[Miyoshi Shōichi]] and
The company was established in 1890 and started out by selling bulbs using bamboo filaments. However, following the opening up of trade with the West through the [[Unequal treaty]], [[Hakunetsusha]] met with fierce competition from imports. Its bulb cost about 60 percent more than the imports and the quality was poorer. The company managed to survive with the booms after the [[First Sino-Japanese War]] of 1894–95 and the [[Russo-Japanese War]] of 1904–05, but afterward its financial position was precarious.
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===1939 to 2000===
[[File:Toshiba Vacuum tube Radio.jpg|thumb|right|AM-only Toshiba vacuum tube radio (1955)]]
Toshiba was founded in 1939 by the merger of Shibaura Seisakusho<ref>[http://www.shibaura.co.jp/e/company/history.html Corporate History | Shibaura Mechatronics Corporation]. Shibaura.co.jp. Retrieved on 26 July 2013.</ref> and Tokyo Denki. The merger of Shibaura and Tokyo Denki created a new company called Tokyo Shibaura Denki (Tokyo Shibaura Electric) ({{lang|ja-Hani|[[wikt:東京|'''東'''京]] [[wikt:芝浦|'''芝'''浦]] [[wikt:電気|電気]]}}). It was soon nicknamed Toshiba, but it was not until 1978 that the company was officially renamed Toshiba Corporation.{{Citation needed|date=December 2023}} The company was listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange in May 1949.<ref>{{Cite news |date=20 December 2023 |title=Toshiba Delisted After 74 Years, Goes Private |website=[[Nasdaq]] |publisher=
[[File:Expo85 toshiba.jpg|thumb|left|The Toshiba pavilion at [[Expo '85]]]]
The group expanded rapidly, driven by a combination of organic growth and by acquisitions, buying heavy engineering, and primary industry firms in the 1940s and 1950s. Groups created include [[EMI Music Japan|Toshiba Music Industries/Toshiba EMI]] (1960), Toshiba International Corporation (the 1970s), Toshiba Electrical Equipment (1974), Toshiba Chemical (1974), Toshiba Lighting and Technology (1989), Toshiba America Information Systems (1989) and Toshiba Carrier Corporation (1999).
The first mini-split ductless [[air conditioner]] was sold in 1961 by Toshiba in Japan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://shouene-kaden.net/try/kaden/air-con.html#:~:text=1953%E5%B9%B4%20%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%88%9D%E3%81%AE,%E5%88%9D%E3%82%81%E3%81%A6%E7%94%9F%E7%94%A3%E3%81%95%E3%82%8C%E3%81%BE%E3%81%97%E3%81%9F%E3%80%82|title=エアコンの歴史とヒミツ | 調べよう家電と省エネ | キッズ版 省エネ家電 de スマートライフ（一般財団法人 家電製品協会） 学ぼう！スマートライフ|website=shouene-kaden.net|access-date=2024-01-21|archive-date=2022-09-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220907192752/https://shouene-kaden.net/try/kaden/air-con.html#:~:text=1953%E5%B9%B4%20%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%88%9D%E3%81%AE,%E5%88%9D%E3%82%81%E3%81%A6%E7%94%9F%E7%94%A3%E3%81%95%E3%82%8C%E3%81%BE%E3%81%97%E3%81%9F%E3%80%82|url-status=live}}</ref>
Toshiba is responsible for a number of Japanese firsts, including radar (1912){{Citation needed|reason=1912 is earlier than both Toshiba and Japan claim to have developed radar, should this be 1942?|date=May 2022}}, the TAC digital computer (1954), transistor television, color CRTs<ref>{{Cite web |title=Toshiba : Press Releases 21 December, 1995 |url=https://www.toshiba.co.jp/about/press/1995_12/pr2101.htm |website=www.toshiba.co.jp}}</ref> and microwave oven (1959), [[videophone|color video phone]] (1971), Japanese [[word processor]] (1978), MRI system (1982), personal computer [[Toshiba Pasopia|Pasopia]] (1981), laptop personal computer (1986), NAND EEPROM (1991), DVD (1995), the [[Libretto (notebook)|Libretto]] sub-notebook personal computer (1996) and [[HD DVD]] (2005).
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In 1977, Toshiba acquired the Brazilian company Semp (Sociedade Eletromercantil Paulista), subsequently forming Semp Toshiba through the combination of the two companies' South American operations.
[[File:TOSHIBA Logo 1950.svg|alt=In 1950, Tokyo Shibaura Denki was renamed Toshiba. This logo was used from 1950 to 1969.|thumb|In 1950, Tokyo Shibaura Denki was renamed Toshiba. This logo, known as the
[[File:Toshiba logo.svg|thumb|Toshiba logo, used since 1984<ref name="toshiba.co.jp" />]]
In 1987, Tocibai Machine, a subsidiary of Toshiba, was accused of illegally selling CNC [[milling machine]]s used to produce very quiet [[submarine]] propellers to the [[Soviet Union]] in violation of the [[CoCom]] agreement, an international [[embargo]] on certain countries to [[COMECON]] countries. The [[Toshiba-Kongsberg scandal]] involved a subsidiary of Toshiba and the Norwegian company [[Kongsberg Defence & Aerospace|Kongsberg Vaapenfabrikk]]. The incident strained relations between the [[United States]] and [[Japan]], and resulted in the arrest and prosecution of two senior executives, as well as the imposition of [[Economic sanctions|sanctions]] on the company by both countries.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Seeman |first=Roderick |date=April 1987 |title=Toshiba Case—CoCom – Foreign Exchange and Foreign Trade Control Revision |publisher=The Japan Lawletter |url=http://japanlaw.info/lawletter/april87/fdf.htm |url-status=dead |access-date=18 September 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927102631/http://japanlaw.info/lawletter/april87/fdf.htm |archive-date=27 September 2007 }}</ref> Senator [[John Heinz]] of Pennsylvania said "What Toshiba and Kongsberg did was ransom the security of the United States for $517 million."
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In late December 2016, the management of Toshiba requested an "urgent press briefing" to announce that the newly-found losses in the [[Westinghouse Electric Company|Westinghouse]] subsidiary from [[Vogtle Electric Generating Plant]] nuclear plant construction would lead to a write-down of several billion dollars, bankrupting Westinghouse and threatening to bankrupt Toshiba. The exact amount of the liabilities was unavailable.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Smith |first1=Rebecca |last2=Narioka |first2=Kosaku |date=29 December 2016 |title=Toshiba Shares Plunge Further Over Problems at Nuclear-Power Subsidiary |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/toshiba-shares-crash-after-write-down-warning-1482905903 |access-date=30 December 2016 |issn=0099-9660}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=How two cutting edge U.S. nuclear projects bankrupted Westinghouse |newspaper=Reuters |date=2 May 2017 |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-toshiba-accounting-westinghouse-nucle-idUSKBN17Y0CQ |via=mobile.reuters.com}}</ref>
In January 2017, a person with direct knowledge of the matter reported that the company plans on making its memory chip division a separate business, to save Toshiba from bankruptcy.<ref>{{Cite news |date=24 January 2017 |title=Toshiba board to approve plans to split off chip business on Friday: source |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-toshiba-accounting-idUSKBN1580YS |access-date=24 January 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Toshiba completes $18bn sale of flash memory unit |url=https://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Business-deals/Toshiba-completes-18bn-sale-of-flash-memory-unit |website=Nikkei Asian Review}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Former Toshiba memory business to rebrand as Kioxia
In February 2017, Toshiba revealed unaudited details of a 390 billion yen ($3.4 billion) corporate wide loss, mainly arising from its majority owned US based [[Westinghouse Electric Company|Westinghouse]] nuclear construction subsidiary which was written down by 712 billion yen ($6.3 billion). On 14 February 2017, Toshiba delayed filing financial results, and chairman Shigenori Shiga, formerly chairman of Westinghouse, resigned.<ref name="reuters-20170214">{{Cite news |first1=Makiko |last1=Yamazaki |first2=Taiga |last2=Uranaka |date=14 February 2017 |title=Delays, confusion as Toshiba reports $6.3 billion nuclear hit and slides to loss |work=Reuters |url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-toshiba-accounting-results-idUKKBN15T0AY |access-date=14 February 2017}}</ref><ref name="bbc-20170214a">{{Cite news |date=14 February 2017 |title=Toshiba chairman quits over nuclear loss |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-38965380 |access-date=14 February 2017}}</ref><ref name="bbc-20170214b">{{Cite news |first=Karishma |last=Vaswani |date=14 February 2017 |title=Toshiba: Why troubled Japanese firms survive |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-38969273 |access-date=14 February 2017}}</ref>
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On 12 November 2021, Toshiba announced that it would split into three separate companies. Two of the companies will respectively focus on infrastructure and electronic devices; the third, which will retain the Toshiba name, would manage the 40.6% stake in [[Kioxia]] and all other remaining assets. The company expects to complete the plan by March 2024.<ref name="Breakup - WSJ">{{cite news |last1=Fujikawa |first1=Megumi |last2=Landers |first2=Peter |title=Toshiba, Like GE, Plans to Split Into Three Units |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/toshiba-like-ge-plans-to-split-into-three-parts-11636700609 |access-date=12 November 2021 |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |date=12 November 2021}}</ref> Toshiba announced in February 2022 that it plans to split into two companies instead after the original proposal proved unpopular with shareholders.<ref>{{cite web |title=Toshiba to sell stake in Carrier, split into two entities |url=https://www.econotimes.com/Japans-tech-giant-Toshiba-to-split-sell-stake-in-Carrier-1626623 |website=EconoTimes |date=8 February 2022 |publisher=Elmin Media LLC |access-date=24 September 2022}}</ref>
In 2023 Toshiba Corporation was bought for US$14 billion by a consortium of 20 companies, which was led by Japan Industrial Partners and includes [[Orix]], [[Chubu Electric Power]], and [[Rohm]]. This move brought the company back to Japan after it had been run by overseas [[
==Operations==
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File:Toshiba BDX 2250 Wi-Fi Blu-ray Disc Player.jpg|Toshiba [[Blu-ray]] disc player
File:IFA 2005 Toshiba HBS A 001 HD-DVD Player (Dual-Layer HD-DVD 30GB) and (DVD-HD-DVD-Twin-Disc 5GB 15GB) (by HDTVTotalDOTcom).jpg|Toshiba [[HD-DVD]] player
File:Toshiba Qosmio X70-A-12N PSPLTE-2895.jpg|
File:Verpackung einer MicroSD-Speicherkarte.jpg|Toshiba [[microSD]] card
File:Toshiba THN-U301W0320A4 20170814b.jpg|Toshiba USB flash drive
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===Laptops===
{{Main|Dynabook Inc.}}
In 1985, Toshiba released the [[Toshiba T1100|T1100]], the world's first commercially accepted [[Laptop|laptop PC]].<ref name=":2" /> Toshiba created laptops under several product lines including [[Dynabook Satellite|Satellite]], [[Dynabook Portégé|Portégé]], [[Toshiba Libretto|Libretto]], [[
In October 2014, Toshiba released the [[Chromebook]] 2, a new version with a thinner profile and a much-improved display. The Chromebook runs exclusively on [[ChromeOS]] and gives users free Google Drive storage and access to a collection of apps and extensions at the Chrome Web Store.<ref>By Sara Angeles, BusinessNewsDaily. "[http://www.businessnewsdaily.com/7368-toshiba-chromebook-2-business.html Toshiba Chromebook 2: A Better Chromebook for Business?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141030182753/http://www.businessnewsdaily.com/7368-toshiba-chromebook-2-business.html |date=30 October 2014 }}." 28 October 2014. 29 October 2014.</ref>
Toshiba initialized process of divestment of the personal computer and laptop business, Toshiba Client Solutions, in 2018 with sale of 80.1% of shares to [[Sharp Corporation]]. Eventually Toshiba fully exited from the personal computing market in June 2020, transferring the remaining 19.9% shares in Toshiba Client Solutions (since being renamed to [[Dynabook Inc.]]) to Sharp.<ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=10 August 2020 |title=Toshiba shuts the lid on laptops after 35 years |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-53721016 |access-date=16 September 2020}}</ref>
===Flash memory===
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{{Major information storage companies}}
{{Major point of sale companies}}
}}
{{Authority control}}
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[[Category:Electronics companies established in 1875]]
[[Category:Companies formerly listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange]]
[[Category:Computer companies of Japan]]
[[Category:Computer hardware companies]]
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[[Category:Locomotive manufacturers of Japan]]
[[Category:Technology companies established in 1875]]
[[Category:Medical device manufacturers]]
[[Category:Medical technology companies of Japan]]
[[Category:Mitsui]]
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[[Category:1940s initial public offerings]]
[[Category:Electronics companies of Japan]]
[[Category:
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