Wikipedia

Population history of the Indigenous peoples of the Americas: Difference between revisions

Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
→‎Estimations by tribe: alternative name added
Restored revision 1230608979 by Citation bot (talk)
(30 intermediate revisions by 6 users not shown)
Line 16:
The Indigenous population of the Americas in 1492 was not necessarily at a high point and may actually have already been in decline in some areas. Indigenous populations in most areas of the Americas reached a low point by the early 20th century.<ref>Thornton, pp. xvii, 36.</ref>
 
Using an estimate of approximately 37&nbsp;million people in Mexico, Central and South America in 1492 (including 6&nbsp;million in the [[Aztec Empire]], 5–10&nbsp;million in the Mayan States, 11 million in what is now Brazil, and 12&nbsp;million in the [[Inca Empire]]), the lowest estimates give a deathpopulation tolldecrease from all causes of 80% by the end of the 17th century (nine million people in 1650).<ref name="Histoire">"La catastrophe démographique" (The Demographic Catastrophe"), ''[[L'Histoire]]'' n°322, July–August 2007, p.&nbsp;17.</ref> Latin America would match its 15th-century population early in the 19th century; it numbered 17&nbsp;million in 1800, 30&nbsp;million in 1850, 61&nbsp;million in 1900, 105&nbsp;million in 1930, 218&nbsp;million in 1960, 361&nbsp;million in 1980, and 563&nbsp;million in 2005.<ref name=Histoire/> In the last three decades of the 16th century, the population of present-day Mexico dropped to about one&nbsp;million people.<ref name=Histoire/> The [[Maya peoples|Maya]] population is today estimated at six million, which is about the same as at the end of the 15th century, according to some estimates.<ref name=Histoire/> In what is now Brazil, the Indigenous population declined from a pre-Columbian high of an estimated four million to some 300,000. Over 60 million Brazilians possess at least one Native South American ancestor, according to a [[DNA]] study.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Alves-Silva |first1=Juliana |last2=da Silva Santos |first2=Magda |last3=Guimarães |first3=Pedro E.M. |last4=Ferreira |first4=Alessandro C.S. |last5=Bandelt |first5=Hans-Jürgen |last6=Pena |first6=Sérgio D.J. |last7=Prado |first7=Vania Ferreira |title=The Ancestry of Brazilian mtDNA Lineages |journal=The American Journal of Human Genetics |date=August 2000 |volume=67 |issue=2 |pages=444–461 |doi=10.1086/303004 |pmid=10873790 |pmc=1287189}}</ref>
 
While it is difficult to determine exactly how many Natives lived in North America before Columbus,<ref>{{cite journal |last=Snow |first=D. R. |title=Microchronology and Demographic Evidence Relating to the Size of Pre-Columbian North American Indian Populations |journal=Science |date=16 June 1995 |volume=268 |issue=5217 |pages=1601–1604 |doi=10.1126/science.268.5217.1601 |pmid=17754613 |bibcode=1995Sci...268.1601S |s2cid=8512954}}</ref> estimates range from 3.8&nbsp;million, as mentioned above, to 7 million<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9iQYSQ9y60MC |title=American Indian holocaust and survival: a population history since 1492 |last=Thornton |first=Russell |publisher=University of Oklahoma Press |year=1990 |isbn=978-0-8061-2220-5 |pages=26–32}}</ref> people to a high of 18 million.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Their Number Become Thinned: Native American Dynamics in Eastern North America |last=Dobyns |first=Henry |publisher=University of Tennessee Press |year=1983 |location=Knoxville}}</ref> Scholars vary on the estimated size of the [[Indigenous peoples in Canada|Indigenous population]] in [[Territorial evolution of Canada|what is now Canada]] prior to colonization and on the effects of [[European colonization of the Americas|European contact]].<ref name="HainesSteckelau">{{cite book|author1=Michael R. Haines|author2=Richard H. Steckel|title=A Population History of North America|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BPdgiysIVcgC&pg=PA12|year=2000|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-49666-7|page=12}}</ref> During the late 15th century is estimated to have been between 200,000<ref name="NorthcottWilson2008"/> and two million,<ref name="HainesSteckel2000">{{cite book|author1=Michael R. Haines|author2=Richard H. Steckel|title=A Population History of North America|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BPdgiysIVcgC&pg=PA13|year=2000|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-49666-7|page=13}}</ref> with a figure of 500,000 currently accepted by Canada's Royal Commission on Aboriginal Health.<ref name="BaileySturtevant2008">{{cite book|author1=Garrick Alan Bailey|author2=William C ... Sturtevant|author3=Smithsonian Institution (U S )|title=Handbook of North American Indians: Indians in Contemporary Society|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z1IwUbZqjTUC&pg=PA285|year=2008|publisher=Government Printing Office|isbn=978-0-16-080388-8|page=285}}</ref> Although not without conflict, [[Euro-Canadian|European Canadians]]' early interactions with [[First Nations in Canada|First Nations]] and [[Inuit]] populations were relatively peaceful.<ref name="Preston2009a">{{cite book|author=David L. Preston|title=The Texture of Contact: European and Indian Settler Communities on the Frontiers of Iroquoia, 1667–1783|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L-9N6-6UCnoC&pg=PA43|year=2009|publisher=U of Nebraska Press|isbn=978-0-8032-2549-7|pages=43–44}}</ref> However repeated outbreaks of European [[infectious disease]]s such as [[influenza]], [[measles]] and [[smallpox]] (to which they had no natural immunity),<ref name="DeanMatthews1998sw">{{cite book|author1=William G. Dean|author2=Geoffrey J. Matthews|title=Concise Historical Atlas of Canada|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Dw39BoD0-6cC&pg=PA2|year=1998|publisher=University of Toronto Press|isbn=978-0-8020-4203-3|page=2}}</ref> combined with other effects of European contact, resulted in a twenty-five percent to eighty percent Indigenous population decrease post-contact.<ref name="NorthcottWilson2008">{{cite book|author1=Herbert C. Northcott|author2=Donna Marie Wilson|title=Dying And Death in Canada|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p_pMVs53mzQC&pg=PA25|year=2008|publisher=University of Toronto Press|isbn=978-1-55111-873-4|pages=25–27}}</ref> Roland G Robertson suggests that during the late 1630s, smallpox killed over half of the [[Wyandot people|Wyandot (Huron)]], who controlled most of the early [[North American fur trade]] in the area of [[New France]].<ref name="Robertson2001">{{cite book|author=R. G. Robertson|title=Rotting Face: Smallpox and the American Indian|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-EoEm_OO8RgC|year=2001|publisher=University of Nebraska|isbn=978-0-87004-497-7}}</ref> In 1871 there was an enumeration of the Indigenous population within the limits of Canada at the time, showing a total of only 102,358 individuals.<ref name=aboriginal>{{cite web|url=http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/98-187-x/4151278-eng.htm |title=Censuses of Canada 1665 to 1871: Aboriginal peoples |publisher=Statistics Canada |year=2008 |access-date=2 February 2014}}</ref> From 2006 to 2016, the Indigenous population has grown by 42.5 percent, four times the national rate.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/daily-quotidien/171025/dq171025a-eng.htm |title=The Daily — Aboriginal peoples in Canada: Key results from the 2016 Census |first=Statistics Canada |last=Government of Canada |date=October 25, 2017 |website=www150.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref> According to the [[2011 Canadian census]], Indigenous peoples ([[First Nations in Canada|First Nations]] – 851,560, [[Inuit]] – 59,445 and [[Métis]] – 451,795) numbered at 1,400,685, or 4.3% of the country's total population.<ref name=firstnations>{{cite web|title=Aboriginal Peoples in Canada: First Nations People, Métis and Inuit|url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs-enm/2011/as-sa/99-011-x/99-011-x2011001-eng.cfm|publisher=Statistics Canada|year=2012}}</ref>
Line 138:
|2009
|2.5
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|-
|Milner<ref name=":13">{{Cite journal |last1=Milner |first1=George R. |last2=Chaplin |first2=George |date=2010 |title=Eastern North American Population at ca. A.D. 1500 |url=https://doi.org/10.7183/0002-7316.75.4.707 |journal=American Antiquity |language=en |volume=75 |issue=4 |pages=720 |doi=10.7183/0002-7316.75.4.707 |issn=0002-7316}}</ref>
|2010
|3.8
|–
|–
Line 173 ⟶ 183:
!scope="row"| 2
|SE Woodlands
|Old Southwest
|Trans-Appalachian
|[[Choctaw]] {{refn|Extrapolated from 25,000 warriors (x5) in year 1718, according to Le Page du Pratz.|group=Note}}<ref>{{Cite book |last=Krzywicki |first=Ludwik |url=https://dn790004.ca.archive.org/0/items/b29980112/b29980112.pdf |title=Primitive society and its vital statistics |publisher=Macmillan |year=1934 |series=Publications of the Polish Sociological Institute |location=London |pages=505–506}}</ref>
|125,000
Line 196 ⟶ 206:
|[[Shoshone]]
|60,000
|1820
|1822
|
|(number without 20,000 [[Eastern Shoshone|East Shoshone]])
|[[Jedidiah Morse|Jeddediah Morse]]
|-
!4b
Line 206 ⟶ 216:
|[[Eastern Shoshone]]
|20,000
|1820
|1822
|
|
|[[Jedidiah Morse|Jeddediah Morse]]
|-
!5
Line 234 ⟶ 244:
|Great Plains
|[[Canadian Prairies|Prairies]], Canada
|[[Blackfoot Confederacy|Blackfoot]] <ref name=":9">{{Cite book |last=Krzywicki |first=Ludwik |url=https://dn790004.ca.archive.org/0/items/b29980112/b29980112.pdf |title=Primitive society and its vital statistics |publisher=Macmillan |year=1934 |series=Publications of the Polish Sociological Institute |location=London |page=541}}</ref>
|37,500 – 30,000 (1841)
|1836
Line 266 ⟶ 276:
|SE Woodlands
|Southern Colonies
|[[Muscogee|Creek]] (Muscogee) including Hitchiti
|50,000
|1794
Line 285 ⟶ 295:
!11
|NE Woodlands
|Old Southwest
|Trans-Appalachian
|[[Shawnee]]
|50,000 – 15,000 (1702)
Line 326 ⟶ 336:
|Southwest
|Mexican Cession
|[[Hopi-Tewa|Pueblo Tano/Maguas]] incluudingincluding [[Pecos National Historical Park|Pecos]]
|40,000
|1584
Line 360 ⟶ 370:
|1700
|
|(ca. 3/4 in the USAUS, ca. 6,000 lodges)
|[[George Bird Grinnell]]
|-
Line 390 ⟶ 400:
|1860
|
|(half in the USAUS and half in Canada)
|[[Emmanuel Domenech]]<ref name=":4">{{Cite book |last=Domenech |first=Emmanuel |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nWkFAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA16 |title=Seven Years' Residence in the Great Deserts of North America |publisher=Longman, Green, Longman, and Roberts |year=1860 |volume=2 |location=London |pages=16, 47–48}}</ref>
|-
Line 400 ⟶ 410:
|1860
|
|(half in the USAUS and half in Canada)
|[[Emmanuel Domenech]]<ref name=":4" />
|-
Line 410 ⟶ 420:
|1823
|15+
|(ca. half in the USAUS, ca. 1,500 lodges)
|[[William H. Keating|W. H. Keating]] and [[Giacomo Beltrami|G. C. Beltrami]]
|-
Line 455 ⟶ 465:
! scope="row" | 25
|SE Woodlands
|Old Southwest
|Trans-Appalachian
|[[Cherokee]] {{refn|They had 6,000 warriors in 1730–35 (according to J. Adair) and also 6,000 warriors in 1738, but just 5,000 in 1740 (according to Ga. Hist. Coll., II). Colonel [[James Oglethorpe]] confirms that they had 5,000 warriors in 1739 (Ga. Coll. Rec., V). Also according to Ga. Coll. Rec., V an epidemic reduced them "by almost one-half" in 1738, but this source doesn't specify how numerous they were before the epidemic. Perhaps this source exaggerates the casualties caused by that epidemic, and in fact it killed just around 1,000 warriors.|group=Note}}<ref>{{Cite book |last=Krzywicki |first=Ludwik |url=https://dn790004.ca.archive.org/0/items/b29980112/b29980112.pdf |title=Primitive society and its vital statistics |publisher=Macmillan |year=1934 |series=Publications of the Polish Sociological Institute |location=London |pages=500–503}}</ref>
|30,000
Line 625 ⟶ 635:
!35
|SE Woodlands
|Old Southwest
|Trans-Appalachian
|[[Mabila]] (Mobile)
|25,000
Line 655 ⟶ 665:
!38
|SE Woodlands
|Old Southwest
|Trans-Appalachian
|[[Chickasaw]]
|20,000
Line 859 ⟶ 869:
|15,000
|1600
|4630
|
|[[Daniel Gookin]] and J. R. Swanton
Line 871 ⟶ 881:
|
|
|[[Henry Bouquet|H. Bouquet]] and J. Buchanan
|-
!60
Line 929 ⟶ 939:
|15,000
|1540
|1+
|
|Relacion del Suceso<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Jenkins |first=Myra Ellen |date=1966 |title=Taos Pueblo and Its Neighbors, 1540–1847 |url=https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1933&context=nmhr |journal=New Mexico Historical Review |volume=41 |issue=2 |pages=86}}</ref>
Line 951 ⟶ 961:
|
|
|Herbert C. Taylor<ref name=":10">{{Cite journal |last=Taylor |first=Herbert C. |title=Aboriginal Populations of the Lower Northwest Coast |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/40487861 |journal=The Pacific Northwest Quarterly |date=1963 |volume=54 |issue=4 |pages=163 |jstor=40487861 |via=JSTOR}}</ref>
|-
!68
Line 1,100 ⟶ 1,110:
|1584
|5+
|5 large pueblostowns
|[[Antonio de Espejo]]
|-
Line 1,106 ⟶ 1,116:
|SE Woodlands
|Florida Purchase
|[[Seminole]]<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.plcom/books?id=Nk1HAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA2-PA896 |title=Index to the miscellaneous documents of the House of Representatives for the first session of the forty-ninth Congress, 1885-86. In twenty-six volumes. |publisher=Government Printing Office |year=1886 |location=Washington |pages=896}}</ref>
|10,000
|1836
Line 1,151 ⟶ 1,161:
|
|Also known as Laurentians
|Gary Warrick & Louis Lesage<ref>{{Cite journal |lastlast1=Warrick |firstfirst1=Gary |last2=Lesage |first2=Louis |date=2016 |title=The Huron-Wendat and the St. Lawrence Iroquoians: New Findings of a Close Relationship |url=http://www.ontarioarchaeology.on.ca/resources/Publications/OA96-12%20Warrick%20Lesage.pdf |journal=Ontario Archaeology |volume=96 |pages=137|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180920122912/http://www.ontarioarchaeology.on.ca/resources/Publications/OA96-12%20Warrick%20Lesage.pdf |journalarchive-date=Ontario20 ArchaeologySeptember |volume=962018 |pages=137}}</ref>
|-
!88
Line 1,284 ⟶ 1,294:
|-
!101
|Northwest Coast
|[[British Columbia]], Canada
|[[Tsimshian]]
|7,000
|1780
|
|
|[[James Mooney]]
|-
!102
|Northwest Coast
|Oregon Country
Line 1,303:
|[[Samuel Parker (missionary)|Samuel Parker]]
|-
!103102
|Subarctic & Arctic
|[[British Columbia]], Canada
|[[Tsimshian]] of British ColombiaColumbia & [[Nisga'a|Niska]]
|7,000
|1780
Line 1,313:
|[[James Mooney]]
|-
!104103
|Southwest
|Mexican Cession
Line 1,323:
|Indian Affairs 1863<ref>[https://search.library.wisc.edu/digital/ABQVZUYJSRAM2G83 Annual report of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs, for the year 1863]</ref>
|-
!105104
|NE Woodlands
|[[Quebec]], Canada
Line 1,333:
|[[Emmanuel Domenech]]
|-
!106105
|NE Woodlands
|Old Northwest
Line 1,343:
|Wisconsin Hist. Coll., XII
|-
!107106
|NE Woodlands
|Old Northwest
Line 1,351:
|
|
|[[Peter Buell Porter]] & [[WilliamThomas ClarkL. McKenney|McKenney]]
|-
!108107
|NE Woodlands
|Old Northwest
Line 1,363:
|Cutting Marsh<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-08-03 |title=Marsh, Cutting (1800-1873) |url=https://www.wisconsinhistory.org/Records/Article/CS1629 |access-date=2024-05-07 |website=Wisconsin Historical Society |language=en}}</ref> in Wisconsin Hist. Coll., XV
|-
!109108
|Southwest
|Mexican Cession
Line 1,373:
|[[Alonso de Benavides]]
|-
!110109
|Southwest
|Mexican Cession
Line 1,379:
|6,000
|1584
|1+
|500+ houses
|[[Antonio de Espejo]]
|-
!111110
|NE Woodlands
|Old Northwest
Line 1,393:
|N. Y. Col. Dcts., IX
|-
!112111
|SE Woodlands
|Louisiana Purchase
Line 1,403:
|Fidalgo D'Elvas<ref>[http://www2.latech.edu/~bmagee/louisiana_anthology/texts/d'elvas/d'elvas--narrative_english.html A Narrative of the Expedition of Hernando de Soto into Florida, by a Gentleman of Elvas, translated from the Portuguese by Richard Hackluyt, in 1609.]</ref>
|-
!113112
|Northwest Plateau
|Oregon Country
Line 1,413:
|A. N. Armstrong<ref name="armstrong">[https://archive.org/details/cihm_16710/page/n4/mode/1up?ref=ol&view=theater&q=chinook+ A. N. Armstrong]</ref>
|-
!114113
|NE Woodlands
|Middle Colonies
Line 1,423:
|[[John R. Swanton|J. R. Swanton]]
|-
!115114
|Northwest Coast
|Oregon Country
Line 1,433:
|[[James Mooney]] and [[James Owen Dorsey]]
|-
!116115
|NE Woodlands
|Old Northwest
Line 1,441:
|
|
|[[Jedidiah Morse|Jeddediah Morse]]
|-
!117116
|Northwest Coast
|Oregon Country
Line 1,453:
|[[James Mooney]]
|-
!118117
|Northwest Plateau
|Oregon Country
Line 1,461:
|
|
|[[Jedidiah Morse|Jeddediah Morse]]
|-
!119118
|Southwest
|Mexican Cession
Line 1,473:
|A. F. Bandelier, Ten Kate
|-
!120119
|Subarctic & Arctic
|[[Quebec]], Canada
Line 1,483:
|[[James Mooney]] and J. R. Swanton
|-
!121120
|Great Plains
|Louisiana Purchase
Line 1,493:
|Z. M. Pike
|-
!122121
|NE Woodlands
|Middle Colonies
Line 1,503:
|[[James Mooney]] and J. R. Swanton
|-
!123122
|NE Woodlands
|New England
Line 1,513:
|Pocumtuc History<ref>[http://www.dickshovel.com/pocu.html Pocumtuc History]</ref>
|-
!124123
|Northwest Plateau
|[[British Columbia]], Canada
Line 1,523:
|[[James Teit]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Teit |first=James |url=https://ia601302.us.archive.org/23/items/cihm_16242/cihm_16242.pdf |title=The Thompson Indians of British Columbia |year=1900 |pages=175}}</ref> & [[Alexander Caulfield Anderson|A. C. Anderson]]
|-
!125124
|Northwest Plateau
|[[British Columbia]], Canada
Line 1,533:
|[[Alexander Caulfield Anderson|A. C. Anderson]] and [[James Mooney|J. Mooney]]
|-
!126125
|Northwest Plateau
|Oregon Country
Line 1,543:
|[[Paul Kane]]
|-
!127126
|SE Woodlands
|Texas Annexation
Line 1,553:
|[[Herbert Eugene Bolton]]
|-
!128127
|Northwest Coast
|Oregon Country
Line 1,563:
|[[John R. Jewitt]]
|-
!129128
|SE Woodlands
|Old Southwest
|Trans-Appalachian
|[[Yuchi]] (Uchee)
|5,000 – 2,500 (in 1777)
Line 1,573:
|[[William Bartram]] & Carolina - The Native Americans<ref name="carolina">[https://www.carolana.com/Carolina/Native_Americans/home.html Carolina - The Native Americans]</ref>
|-
!130129
|Subarctic & Arctic
|[[District of Mackenzie]], Canada
Line 1,583:
|[[James Mooney]]
|-
!131130
|Northwest Plateau
|[[British Columbia]], Canada
Line 1,593:
|[[Adrien-Gabriel Morice|A. G. Morice]] and [[Hudson's Bay Company|HBC]] employees
|-
!132131
|Northwest Plateau
|Oregon Country
Line 1,601:
|
|
|Extinct native americanAmerican tribes of North America<ref name="extr1">{{cite web|url=https://www.aaanativearts.com/extinct-tribes |title=Extinct native american tribes of North America|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120406033511/http://www.aaanativearts.com/extinct-tribes/ |archive-date=6 April 2012}}</ref>
|-
!133132
|NE Woodlands
|Old Northwest
Line 1,613:
|J. R. Swanton<ref>{{Cite book |last=Swanton |first=John R. |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015015025854&view=1up&seq=68 |title=The Indian Tribes of North America |series=Smithsonian Institution. Bureau of American Ethnology. Bulletin145 |publisher=Bureau of American Ethnology |year=1953 |location=Washington |page=56}}</ref>
|-
!134133
|NE Woodlands
|New England
Line 1,623:
|Capers Jones<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Jones |first=Capers |title=The History and Future of Narragansett Bay |publisher=Universal Publishers |year=2006 |location=Boca Raton, Florida}}</ref>
|-
!135134
|SE Woodlands
|Louisiana Purchase
Line 1,633:
|[[Jean-Baptiste Bénard de la Harpe|Benard de La Harpe]]
|-
!136135
|Northwest Plateau
|[[British Columbia]], Canada
Line 1,643:
|[[James Mooney]] and [[James Teit|J. Teit]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Teit |first=James |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180521133707/https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/bitstream/handle/2246/36/v2/dspace/ingest/pdfSource/mem/M04Pt05.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y |title=The Lillooet Indians |year=1906 |pages=199}}</ref>
|-
!137136
|Northwest Plateau
|Oregon Country
Line 1,653:
|Indian Affairs 1868
|-
!138137
|SE Woodlands
|Southern Colonies
Line 1,663:
|S. R. Grenville
|-
!139138
|Northwest Plateau
|Oregon Country
Line 1,673:
|A. N. Armstrong<ref name="armstrong" />
|-
!140139
|SE Woodlands
|Southern Colonies
Line 1,682:
|
|[[John R. Swanton|J. R. Swanton]]
|-
!140
|Subarctic & Arctic
|Canada
|[[Gwichʼin|Kutchin]] (Loucheux)
|4,000
|1871
|
|
|Censuses of Canada, 1665 to 1871<ref name=":11" />
|-
!141
Line 1,715 ⟶ 1,725:
!144
|SE Woodlands
|Old Southwest
|Trans-Appalachian
|[[Acolapissa]]
|3,500
Line 1,771 ⟶ 1,781:
|
|
|[[Jedidiah Morse|Jeddediah Morse]]
|-
!150
|Subarctic & Arctic
|Canada
|[[Gwichʼin|Kutchin]]
|3,200
|1740–1857
|
|(six subdivisions, in total 640 warriors)
|[[John Richardson (naturalist)|Richardson]], [[Adrien-Gabriel Morice|A. G. Morice]], [[Ludwik Krzywicki|Krzywicki]]
|-
!151
|Subarctic & Arctic
|[[British Columbia]], Canada
Line 1,793:
|[[James Mooney]] and Sekani Indians of Canada<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sekani Indians of Canada |url=https://www.canadiangenealogy.net/indians/sekani_indians.htm |access-date=2024-05-09 |website=www.canadiangenealogy.net}}</ref>
|-
!152151
|Subarctic & Arctic
|[[Newfoundland and Labrador]], Canada
Line 1,803:
|[[Ralph T. Pastore]], Leslie Upton<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Upton |first=Leslie |date=1977 |title=The Extermination of the Beothucks of Newfoundland |journal=Canadian Historical Review |issue=58 |page=134}}</ref>
|-
!153152
|SE Woodlands
|Old Southwest
|Trans-Appalachian
|[[Alabama people|Alibamu]]
|3,000
Line 1,813:
|[[Henry Bouquet]]
|-
!154153
|NE Woodlands
|New England
Line 1,819:
|3,000
|1660
|10
|
|J. Barber in J. Chase and J. R. Swanton
|
|J. Barber in J. Chase
|-
!155154
|SE Woodlands
|Southern Colonies
Line 1,833:
|R. Lane in Hakluyt, VIII
|-
!156155
|SE Woodlands
|Texas Annexation
Line 1,843:
|[[John F. Schermerhorn]]
|-
!157156
|Northwest Plateau
|Oregon Country
Line 1,853:
|Miss A. J. Allen<ref>[https://archive.org/details/tenyearsinorego00allegoog/page/n178/mode/1up?view=theater Miss A. J. Allen]</ref>
|-
!158157
|Northwest Plateau
|Oregon Country
Line 1,863:
|[[Joseph Meek|Joseph L. Meek]]
|-
!159158
|Northwest Plateau
|[[British Columbia]], Canada
Line 1,873:
|[[James Teit]]
|-
!160159
|NE Woodlands
|[[Ontario]], Canada
Line 1,883:
|[[Thomas Hutchins|Th. Hutchins]] in H. R. Schoolcraft
|-
!161160
|NE Woodlands
|New England
|Shawomets & Cowsetts (Cowesets)
|[[Warwick, Rhode Island|Shawomets]] & [[Cowesett, Rhode Island|Cowsetts]]
|3,000
|1500
Line 1,893:
|Capers Jones<ref name=":2" />
|-
!162161
|Southwest
|Mexican Cession
Line 1,903:
|J. Cortez
|-
!163162
|Northwest Plateau
|Oregon Country
Line 1,913:
|[[George Gibbs (ethnologist)|George Gibbs]]
|-
!164163
|Southwest
|Mexican Cession
Line 1,923:
|J. Cortez
|-
!165164
|SE Woodlands
|Old Southwest
|Trans-Appalachian
|[[Taposa]] and Ibitoupa
|3,000
Line 1,933:
|[[Louis-Narcisse Baudry Des Lozieres|Baudry de Lozieres]]
|-
!166165
|Northwest Plateau
|Oregon Country
Line 1,943:
|[[Hall J. Kelley]]
|-
!167166
|Subarctic & Arctic
|[[District of Keewatin]], Canada
Line 1,953:
|[[James Mooney]]
|-
!168167
|SE Woodlands
|Florida Purchase
Line 1,963:
|[[James Mooney]]
|-
!169168
|Southwest
|Mexican Cession
Line 1,973:
|[[Francisco Garcés]] and [[Juan de Oñate|de Oñate]]
|-
!170169
|Northwest Plateau
|Oregon Country
Line 1,983:
|[[James Mooney]]
|-
!171170
|Southwest
|Mexican Cession
Line 1,993:
|[[James Mooney]]
|-
!172171
|Southwest
|Mexican Cession
Line 1,999:
|3,000
|1680
|1+
|
|[[Agustín de Vetancurt]]
|-
!173172
|Northwest Plateau
|Oregon Country
Line 2,013:
|[[Lewis and Clark Expedition|Lewis and Clark]]
|-
!174173
|NE Woodlands
|[[Acadia]], Canada
Line 2,023:
|[[Thomas Hutchins|Th. Hutchins]] in H. R. Schoolcraft
|-
!175174
|Northwest Coast
|[[British Columbia]], Canada
Line 2,033:
|[[James Mooney]]
|-
!176175
|Northwest Plateau
|Oregon Country
Line 2,043:
|[[Isaac Stevens|Isaac Ingalls Stevens]]
|-
!177176
|NE Woodlands
|New England
Line 2,053:
|Mass. Hist. Coll. and J. R. Swanton
|-
!178177
|Northwest Plateau
|Oregon Country
Line 2,063:
|[[James Mooney]]
|-
!179178
|Southwest
|Mexican Cession
Line 2,073:
|J. Ross Browne
|-
!180179
|NE Woodlands
|New England
Line 2,083:
|Capers Jones<ref name=":2" /> and J. R. Swanton
|-
!181180
|Southwest
|Texas Annexation
Line 2,093:
|Manuel Ramirez de la Piszina<ref>[https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/ramirez-de-la-piscina-manuel Manuel Ramirez de la Piszina]</ref>
|-
!182181
|Subarctic & Arctic
|[[Northwest Territories]], Canada
Line 2,103:
|Jessica M. Shadian, Mark Nuttall
|-
!183182
|NE Woodlands
|Middle Colonies
|Manhasset (Manhanset)
|2,500
|1500
Line 2,113:
|[[Edward Manning Ruttenber|E. M. Ruttenber]]
|-
!184183
|Northwest Coast
|Oregon Country
Line 2,123:
|Duflot de Mofras
|-
!185184
|SE Woodlands
|Old Southwest
|Trans-Appalachian
|[[Mosopelea|Ofo]], [[Koroa]] & Tioux (Tiou)
|2,450
Line 2,133:
|[[John R. Swanton|J. R. Swanton]]
|-
!186185
|Northwest Plateau
|Oregon Country
Line 2,141:
|3
|
|[[Jedidiah Morse|Jeddediah Morse]]
|-
!187186
|NE Woodlands
|New England
Line 2,153:
|N. H. Hist. Coll., I and J. R. Swanton
|-
!188187
|SE Woodlands
|Old Southwest
|Trans-Appalachian
|[[Tunica people|Tunica]]
|2,250
Line 2,163:
|[[John Gilmary Shea|J. G. Shea]] and J. R. Swanton
|-
!189188
|Northwest Plateau
|Oregon Country
Line 2,173:
|[[Hudson's Bay Company|HBC]] agents & [[Joseph Lane]]
|-
!190189
|NE Woodlands
|Old Northwest
Line 2,181:
|
|
|[[Thomas L. McKenney|McKenney]]
|-
!191190
|Great Plains
|[[Alberta]], Canada
Line 2,193:
|[[George Catlin]] and [[John Maclean (pastor)|John Maclean]]
|-
!192191
|Northwest Coast
|Oregon Country
Line 2,201:
|10
|
|[[Jedidiah Morse|Jeddediah Morse]]
|-
!193192
|Subarctic & Arctic
|[[Yukon]], Canada
Line 2,213:
|[[James Mooney]]
|-
!194193
|Northwest Plateau
|Oregon Country
Line 2,223:
|[[James Mooney]]
|-
!195194
|SE Woodlands
|Old Southwest
|Trans-Appalachian
|[[Yazoo people|Yazoo]]
|2,000+
Line 2,233:
|[[Dumont de Montigny]]
|-
!196195
|Subarctic & Arctic
|[[British Columbia]], Canada
Line 2,243:
|[[James Mooney]]
|-
!197196
|NE Woodlands
|New England
Line 2,253:
|W. M. Denevan<ref name=":1" /> & J. R. Swanton
|-
!198197
|NE Woodlands
|Middle Colonies
Line 2,263:
|J. N. B. Hewitt
|-
!199198
|Subarctic & Arctic
|[[District of Mackenzie]], Canada
Line 2,273:
|[[Émile Petitot|Emile Petitot]]
|-
!200199
|Southwest
|Mexican Cession
Line 2,283:
|J. Ross Browne
|-
!201200
|Northwest Plateau
|Oregon Country
Line 2,293:
|[[Samuel Parker (missionary)|Samuel Parker]]
|-
!202201
|Northwest Plateau
|[[British Columbia]], Canada
Line 2,303:
|[[James Teit]]
|-
!203202
|Northwest Coast
|[[British Columbia]], Canada
Line 2,313:
|[[Wilson Duff]]
|-
!204203
|Northwest Coast
|[[British Columbia]], Canada
Line 2,323:
|HBC Indian Census 1839
|-
!205204
|NE Woodlands
|[[Ontario]], Canada
Line 2,331:
|
|
|Extinct native americanAmerican tribes of North America<ref name="extr1" />
|-
!206205
|Great Plains
|[[Saskatchewan]], Canada
Line 2,341:
|
|
|Extinct native americanAmerican tribes of North America<ref name="extr1" />
|-
!207206
|Northwest Coast
|Oregon Country
Line 2,353:
|Edmund Clare Fitzhugh
|-
!208207
|Subarctic & Arctic
|[[District of Athabasca]], Canada
Line 2,363:
|[[Émile Petitot]]
|-
!209208
|Northwest Coast
|Oregon Country
Line 2,373:
|[[James Mooney]]
|-
!210209
|SE Woodlands
|Old Southwest
|Trans-Appalachian
|[[Chakchiuma]]
|2,000
Line 2,383:
|[[Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne de Bienville|Bienville]]
|-
!211210
|Northwest Coast
|Oregon Country
Line 2,393:
|[[James Mooney]]
|-
!212211
|Southwest
|Mexican Cession
Line 2,403:
|[[James Mooney]]
|-
!213212
|SE Woodlands
|Southern Colonies
Line 2,413:
|[[James Mooney]] & Carolina - The Native Americans<ref name="carolina" />
|-
!214213
|Northwest Coast
|Oregon Country
Line 2,423:
|[[Lewis and Clark Expedition|Lewis and Clark]]
|-
!215214
|Northwest Plateau
|Oregon Country
Line 2,433:
|[[James Mooney]]
|-
!216215
|Northwest Coast
|[[British Columbia]], Canada
Line 2,443:
|[[James Mooney]]
|-
!217216
|Subarctic & Arctic
|[[Ungava Peninsula]], [[Quebec]], Canada
Line 2,453:
|[[James Mooney]]
|-
!218217
|Northwest Coast
|Oregon Country
Line 2,463:
|[[James Mooney]]
|-
!219218
|Northwest Coast
|Oregon Country
Line 2,473:
|[[James Owen Dorsey]]
|-
!220219
|SE Woodlands
|Southern Colonies
Line 2,483:
|[[James Mooney]] & Carolina - The Native Americans<ref name="carolina" />
|-
!221220
|Northwest Coast
|Oregon Country
Line 2,493:
|[[James Mooney]]
|-
!222221
|NE Woodlands
|New England
Line 2,503:
|Wendell
|-
!223222
|SE Woodlands
|Southern Colonies
|[[Westo]] and Stono
|1,600
|1600
|
|
|
|[[James Mooney]]
|-
!224223
|Subarctic & Arctic
|[[District of Mackenzie]], Canada
Line 2,523:
|[[Émile Petitot|Emile Petitot]]
|-
!225224
|SE Woodlands
|Louisiana Purchase
Line 2,533:
|[[James Mooney]]
|-
!226225
|Great Plains
|Louisiana Purchase
Line 2,543:
|[[William Clark]]
|-
!227226
|Northwest Plateau
|Oregon Country
Line 2,553:
|[[George Gibbs (ethnologist)|George Gibbs]]
|-
!228227
|Northwest Plateau
|Oregon Country
Line 2,563:
|G. Hines
|-
!229228
|Subarctic & Arctic
|[[Yukon]], Canada
Line 2,573:
|[[John Richardson (naturalist)|John Richardson]]
|-
!230229
|NE Woodlands
|New England
Line 2,583:
|E. Stiles
|-
!231230
|SE Woodlands
|Southern Colonies
Line 2,593:
|Carolina - The Native Americans<ref name="carolina" />
|-
!232231
|SE Woodlands
|Southern Colonies
Line 2,603:
|[[James Mooney]] & Carolina - The Native Americans<ref name="carolina" />
|-
!233232
|SE Woodlands
|Southern Colonies
Line 2,613:
|[[James Mooney]]
|-
!234233
|Great Basin
|Mexican Cession
Line 2,623:
|[[Alfred Kroeber|A. L. Kroeber]]
|-
!235234
|SE Woodlands
|Louisiana Purchase
Line 2,633:
|[[James Mooney]]
|-
!236235
|SE Woodlands
|Old Southwest
|Trans-Appalachian
|Tohome
|1,500
Line 2,643:
|[[Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville|Pierre d'Iberville]]
|-
!237236
|NE Woodlands
|New England
Line 2,649:
|1,500
|1600
|8
|
|[[James Mooney]] and J. R. Swanton
|
|[[James Mooney]]
|-
!238237
|Northwest Coast
|Oregon Country
Line 2,662:
|
|[[James Mooney]]
|-
!238
|Subarctic & Arctic
|[[District of Mackenzie]], Canada
|Mauvais Monde (Etquaotinne)
|1,500
|1871
|
|Also spelled Tsethaottine
|Censuses of Canada, 1665 to 1871<ref name=":11">{{Cite book |url=https://ia800602.us.archive.org/3/items/1871981871FV41873engfra/StatisticsCanada1871981871FV41873engfra.pdf |title=Censuses of Canada, 1665 to 1871 |publisher=I. B. Taylor |year=1876 |volume=IV |location=Ottawa |pages=68}}</ref>
|-
!239
Line 2,695 ⟶ 2,705:
!242
|SE Woodlands
|Old Southwest
|Louisiana Purchase
|[[Houma people|Houma]]
|1,225
Line 2,745 ⟶ 2,755:
!247
|SE Woodlands
|Old Southwest
|Trans-Appalachian
|[[Taensa]]
|1,200
Line 2,791 ⟶ 2,801:
|21
|
|[[Jedidiah Morse|Jeddediah Morse]] and [[James Owen Dorsey]]
|-
!252
Line 2,906 ⟶ 2,916:
|SE Woodlands
|Florida Purchase
|[[Jaega|Jeaga]] & [[Mayaimi]] (Guacata)
|1,000
|1650
Line 2,935 ⟶ 2,945:
!266
|SE Woodlands
|Old Southwest
|Trans-Appalachian
|[[Biloxi people|Biloxi]]/[[Pascagoula]]/Moctobi
|1,000
Line 3,005 ⟶ 3,015:
!273
|SE Woodlands
|Old Southwest
|Trans-Appalachian
|Dulchioni
|1,000
Line 3,124 ⟶ 3,134:
|-
!285
|SE Woodlands
|Old Southwest
|[[Coushatta]] (Koasati)
|750
|1760
|
|
|[[John R. Swanton]]
|-
!286
|SE Woodlands
|Southern Colonies
Line 3,133 ⟶ 3,153:
|[[James Mooney]]
|-
!286287
|Subarctic & Arctic
|[[Ontario]], Canada
Line 3,143 ⟶ 3,163:
|[[Michel Maray de La Chauvignerie|Michel de La Chauvignerie]]
|-
!287288
|Northwest Coast
|Oregon Country
Line 3,153 ⟶ 3,173:
|W. B. Gosnell
|-
!288289
|Northwest Coast
|Oregon Country
Line 3,163 ⟶ 3,183:
|Indian Affairs 1862
|-
!289290
|SE Woodlands
|Louisiana Purchase
Line 3,173 ⟶ 3,193:
|[[Louis-Narcisse Baudry Des Lozieres|Baudry de Lozieres]]
|-
!290291
|Subarctic & Arctic
|[[Northwest Territories]], Canada
Line 3,183 ⟶ 3,203:
|[[Émile Petitot|Emile Petitot]]
|-
!291292
|SE Woodlands
|Southern Colonies
Line 3,193 ⟶ 3,213:
|[[James Mooney]] & Carolina - The Native Americans<ref name="carolina" />
|-
!292293
|SE Woodlands
|Southern Colonies
Line 3,203 ⟶ 3,223:
|John Lawson, "History of Carolina"
|-
!293294
|SE Woodlands
|Southern Colonies
Line 3,213 ⟶ 3,233:
|[[James Mooney]] & Carolina - The Native Americans<ref name="carolina" />
|-
!294295
|SE Woodlands
|Southern Colonies
Line 3,223 ⟶ 3,243:
|[[James Mooney]] & Carolina - The Native Americans<ref name="carolina" />
|-
!295296
|Southwest
|Mexican Cession
Line 3,233 ⟶ 3,253:
|[[James Mooney]]
|-
!296297
|NE Woodlands
|New England
Line 3,243 ⟶ 3,263:
|[[John William De Forest]]
|-
!297298
|SE Woodlands
|Old Southwest
|[[Apalachicola Province|Apalachicola]]
|525
|1738
|2
|(105 warriors in two towns)
|[[John R. Swanton]]
|-
!299
|NE Woodlands
|New England
Line 3,253 ⟶ 3,283:
|Capers Jones<ref name=":2" />
|-
!298300
|Northwest Plateau
|Oregon Country
Line 3,263 ⟶ 3,293:
|[[James Mooney]]
|-
!299301
|NE Woodlands
|New England
Line 3,273 ⟶ 3,303:
|[[John William De Forest]]
|-
!300302
|SE Woodlands
|Southern Colonies
Line 3,283 ⟶ 3,313:
|Carolina - The Native Americans<ref name="carolina" />
|-
!301303
|SE Woodlands
|Southern Colonies
Line 3,293 ⟶ 3,323:
|Carolina - The Native Americans<ref name="carolina" />
|-
!302304
|SE Woodlands
|Southern Colonies
Line 3,303 ⟶ 3,333:
|[[James Mooney]] & Carolina - The Native Americans<ref name="carolina" />
|-
!303305
|SE Woodlands
|Southern Colonies
Line 3,313 ⟶ 3,343:
|[[James Mooney]] & Carolina - The Native Americans<ref name="carolina" />
|-
!304306
|SE Woodlands
|Southern Colonies
Line 3,323 ⟶ 3,353:
|[[James Mooney]] & Carolina - The Native Americans<ref name="carolina" />
|-
!305307
|Northwest Coast
|Oregon Country
Line 3,333 ⟶ 3,363:
|Myron Eells
|-
!306308
|Northwest Coast
|Oregon Country
Line 3,343 ⟶ 3,373:
|[[James Owen Dorsey]] and [[Ludwik Krzywicki]]
|-
!307309
|SE Woodlands
|Louisiana Purchase
Line 3,353 ⟶ 3,383:
|[[Ludwik Krzywicki]]
|-
!308310
|Northwest Coast
|Oregon Country
Line 3,363 ⟶ 3,393:
|[[James Owen Dorsey]] and [[Ludwik Krzywicki]]
|-
!309311
|SE Woodlands
|Southern Colonies
Line 3,373 ⟶ 3,403:
|[[William Strachey]] and [[John Smith (explorer)|John Smith]]
|-
!310312
|SE Woodlands
|Southern Colonies
Line 3,383 ⟶ 3,413:
|[[William Strachey]] and [[John Smith (explorer)|John Smith]]
|-
!311313
|NE Woodlands
|[[Quebec]], Canada
Line 3,393 ⟶ 3,423:
|[[Ludwik Krzywicki]]
|-
!312314
|SE Woodlands
|Southern Colonies
Line 3,403 ⟶ 3,433:
|[[John Smith (explorer)|John Smith]]
|-
!313315
|Subarctic & Arctic
|[[Yukon]], Canada
Line 3,413 ⟶ 3,443:
|[[Ludwik Krzywicki]]
|-
!314316
|Northwest Plateau
|[[British Columbia]], Canada
Line 3,423 ⟶ 3,453:
|[[Ludwik Krzywicki]]
|-
!315317
|SE Woodlands
|Southern Colonies
Line 3,433 ⟶ 3,463:
|[[John Smith (explorer)|John Smith]]
|-
!316318
|Great Plains
|Louisiana Purchase
Line 3,443 ⟶ 3,473:
|[[Peter Buell Porter]]
|-
!317319
|Northwest Coast
|[[British Columbia]], Canada
Line 3,453 ⟶ 3,483:
|[[Ludwik Krzywicki]]
|-
!318320
|SE Woodlands
|Southern Colonies
Line 3,463 ⟶ 3,493:
|[[John Smith (explorer)|John Smith]]
|-
!319321
|Great Plains
|Texas Annexation
Line 3,473 ⟶ 3,503:
|[[James Mooney]]
|-
!320322
|Northwest Coast
|Oregon Country
Line 3,483 ⟶ 3,513:
|[[Hall J. Kelley]]
|-
!321323
|Subarctic & Arctic
|[[British Columbia]], Canada
Line 3,493 ⟶ 3,523:
|[[James Mooney]]
|-
!322324
|Northwest Coast
|Oregon Country
Line 3,503 ⟶ 3,533:
|HBC Indian Census 1839
|-
!323325
|Northwest Coast
|Oregon Country
Line 3,513 ⟶ 3,543:
|[[Isaac Stevens|Isaac Ingalls Stevens]]
|-
!324326
|Northwest Coast
|Oregon Country
Line 3,523 ⟶ 3,553:
|[[James Mooney]]
|-
!325327
|Subarctic & Arctic
|[[British Columbia]], Canada
Line 3,533 ⟶ 3,563:
|F. W. Hodge
|-
!326328
|Northwest Plateau
|Oregon Country
Line 3,543 ⟶ 3,573:
|W. Robertson
|-
!327329
|Northwest Coast
|Oregon Country
Line 3,553 ⟶ 3,583:
|Hall J. Kelley
|-
!328330
|NE Woodlands
|New England
Line 3,563 ⟶ 3,593:
|[[James Mooney]]
|-
!329331
|SE Woodlands
|Louisiana Purchase
Line 3,573 ⟶ 3,603:
|[[John R. Swanton|J. R. Swanton]]
|-
!330332
|Northwest Coast
|Oregon Country
Line 3,583 ⟶ 3,613:
|[[James Mooney]]
|-
!331333
|Subarctic & Arctic
|[[District of Mackenzie]], Canada
|Mauvais Monde (Etquaotinne)
|400
|1670
|
|Also spelled Tsethaottine
|[[James Mooney]]
|-
!332
|Northwest Coast
|Oregon Country
Line 3,603 ⟶ 3,623:
|[[John Ross Browne]]
|-
!333334
|Northwest Coast
|[[British Columbia]], Canada
Line 3,613 ⟶ 3,633:
|HBC Indian Census 1839
|-
!334335
|Subarctic & Arctic
|[[British Columbia]], Canada
Line 3,623 ⟶ 3,643:
|[[James Mooney]]
|-
!335336
|Northwest Coast
|[[British Columbia]], Canada
Line 3,633 ⟶ 3,653:
|HBC Indian Census 1839
|-
!336337
|Northwest Coast
|[[British Columbia]], Canada
Line 3,643 ⟶ 3,663:
|R. Mayne
|-
!337338
|Northwest Coast
|Oregon Country
Line 3,653 ⟶ 3,673:
|[[Joseph Lane]]
|-
!338339
|Great Plains
|Louisiana Purchase
Line 3,663 ⟶ 3,683:
|H. M. Brackenridge
|-
!339340
|Subarctic & Arctic
|[[Nunavut]], Canada
Line 3,673 ⟶ 3,693:
|[[James Mooney]]
|-
!340341
|Northwest Coast
|Oregon Country
Line 3,683 ⟶ 3,703:
|[[James Mooney]]
|-
!341342
|Northwest Coast
|Oregon Country
Line 3,693 ⟶ 3,713:
|[[James Mooney]]
|-
!342343
|Subarctic & Arctic
|[[District of Mackenzie]], Canada
Line 3,703 ⟶ 3,723:
|[[James Mooney]]
|-
!343344
|Northwest Coast
|[[British Columbia]], Canada
Line 3,713 ⟶ 3,733:
|[[James Mooney]]
|-
!344345
|SE Woodlands
|Old Southwest
|[[Tawasa people|Tawasa]]
|300
|1792
|
|
|[[John R. Swanton]]
|-
!346
|NE Woodlands
|Middle Colonies
Line 3,721 ⟶ 3,751:
|
|They lived in Delaware and Maryland
|Maryland at a glance: Native Americans<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-08-17 |title=Native Americans, Maryland |url=https://msa.maryland.gov/msa/mdmanual/01glance/native/html/01native.html |access-date=2024-05-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150817141756/https://msa.maryland.gov/msa/mdmanual/01glance/native/html/01native.html |accessarchive-date=2024-05-0917 August 2015 |website=web.archive.org}}</ref>
|-
!345347
|Northwest Plateau
|Oregon Country
Line 3,733 ⟶ 3,763:
|Indian Affairs 1858
|-
!346348
|SE Woodlands
|Louisiana Purchase
Line 3,743 ⟶ 3,773:
|[[Louis-Narcisse Baudry Des Lozieres|Baudry de Lozieres]]
|-
!347349
|Subarctic & Arctic
|[[District of Mackenzie]], Canada
Line 3,753 ⟶ 3,783:
|[[John R. Swanton]]
|-
!348350
|SE Woodlands
|Old Southwest
|Trans-Appalachian
|Naniaba
|250
Line 3,763 ⟶ 3,793:
|Regis de Rouillet
|-
!349351
|Northwest Plateau
|Oregon Country
Line 3,773 ⟶ 3,803:
|W. Robertson
|-
!350352
|Northwest Plateau
|Oregon Country
Line 3,783 ⟶ 3,813:
|J. W. P. Huntington
|-
!351353
|SE Woodlands
|Louisiana Purchase
Line 3,793 ⟶ 3,823:
|[[Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne de Bienville|Bienville]]
|-
!352354
|SE Woodlands
|Southern Colonies
Line 3,803 ⟶ 3,833:
|[[John Smith (explorer)|John Smith]]
|-
!353355
|Northwest Coast
|Oregon Country
Line 3,813 ⟶ 3,843:
|[[Lewis and Clark Expedition|Lewis and Clark]]
|-
!354356
|NE Woodlands
|Louisiana Purchase
Line 3,821 ⟶ 3,851:
|
|
|Extinct native americanAmerican tribes of North America<ref name="extr1" />
|-
!355357
|Northwest Coast
|Oregon Country
Line 3,833 ⟶ 3,863:
|[[James Mooney]]
|-
!356358
|SE Woodlands
|Southern Colonies
Line 3,843 ⟶ 3,873:
|R. Evelin
|-
!357359
|SE Woodlands
|Louisiana Purchase
Line 3,853 ⟶ 3,883:
|[[Louis-Narcisse Baudry Des Lozieres|Baudry de Lozieres]]
|-
!358360
|SE Woodlands
|Southern Colonies
Line 3,863 ⟶ 3,893:
|Carolina - The Native Americans<ref name="carolina" />
|-
!359361
|Northwest Coast
|[[British Columbia]], Canada
Line 3,873 ⟶ 3,903:
|HBC Indian Census 1839
|-
!360362
|NE Woodlands
|[[Ontario]], Canada
Line 3,883 ⟶ 3,913:
|[[Jérôme Lalemant|J. Lalemant]]
|-
!361363
|Northwest Plateau
|[[British Columbia]], Canada
Line 3,893 ⟶ 3,923:
|[[Franz Boas]] & [[James Mooney|J. Mooney]]
|-
!362364
|Great Basin
|Mexican Cession
Line 3,903 ⟶ 3,933:
|[[James Mooney]]
|-
!363365
|Northwest Coast
|[[British Columbia]], Canada
Line 3,913 ⟶ 3,943:
|Canadian Indian Affairs
|-
!364366
|Northwest Plateau
|Oregon Country
Line 3,923 ⟶ 3,953:
|[[Joseph Lane]]
|-
!365367
|SE Woodlands
|Texas Annexation
Line 3,933 ⟶ 3,963:
|[[Herbert Eugene Bolton|H. E. Bolton]]
|-
!366368
|Northwest Coast
|Oregon Country
Line 3,943 ⟶ 3,973:
|Indian Affairs 1875
|-
!367369
|NE Woodlands
|Old Northwest
Line 3,953 ⟶ 3,983:
|N. Y. Col. Dcts., VI. 622
|-
!368370
|SE Woodlands
|Old Southwest
|Trans-Appalachian
|Choula
|40
Line 3,963 ⟶ 3,993:
|[[Jean-Baptiste Bénard de la Harpe|Benard de La Harpe]]
|-
!369371
|California
|Mexican Cession
Line 3,971 ⟶ 4,001:
|
|
|[[Sherburne F. Cook|Cook]], Jones & Codding,<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Jones |first1=Terry L. |last2=Codding |first2=Brian F. |title=Global Perspectives on Long Term Community Resource Management |chapter=The Native California Commons: Ethnographic and Archaeological Perspectives on Land Control, Resource Use, and Management |series=Studies in Human Ecology and Adaptation |date=2019 |chapter-url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-3-030-15800-2_12 |volume=Global Perspectives on Long Term {{subst:lc:Community}} Resource Management |pages=256–263 |doi=10.1007/978-3-030-15800-2_12 |isbn=978-3-030-15799-9 |s2cid=197573059}}</ref> Field<ref>{{Cite book |last=Field |first=Margaret A. |url=https://scholarworks.umb.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1142&context=masters_theses |title=Genocide and the Indians of California, 1769-1873 |publisher=University of Massachusetts Boston |year=1993 |location=Boston |pages=13 (map)}}</ref>
|-
!370372
|Subarctic & Arctic
|Alaska
Line 3,983 ⟶ 4,013:
|Steve Langdon<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sandberg |first=Eric |url=https://live.laborstats.alaska.gov/pop/estimates/pub/pophistory.pdf |title=A history of Alaska population settlement |publisher=Alaska Department of Labor and Workforce Development |year=2013 |pages=4–6}}</ref>
|}
The total peak population size only for the tribes listed in this table is 3,520516,175650 in the US and Canada (including 515510,625525 in Canada). This number is strikinglyvery similar to Snow's 2001 estimate for the US and Canada<ref name=":7" /> as well as to Alchon's, Denevan's and DenevanMilner's estimates.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":8" /><ref name=":13" />
 
== Pre-Columbian Americas ==
Line 4,043 ⟶ 4,073:
While epidemic disease was a leading factor of the population decline of the American Indigenous peoples after 1492, there were other contributing factors, all of them related to European contact and colonization. One of these factors was warfare. According to demographer Russell Thornton, although many people died in wars over the centuries, and war sometimes contributed to the near extinction of certain tribes, warfare and death by other violent means was a comparatively minor cause of overall native population decline.<ref>War not a major cause : Thornton, pp. 47–49.</ref>
 
From the U.S. Bureau of the Census in 1894, wars between the government and the Indigenous peoples ranged over 40 in number over the previous 100 years. These wars cost the lives of approximately 19,000 white people, and the lives of about 30,000 Indians, including men, women, and children. They safely estimated that the amountnumber of Native people who were killed or wounded was actually around fifty percent more than what was recorded.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bureau of Indian Affairs {{!}} USAGov |url=https://www.usa.gov/federal-agencies/bureau-of-indian-affairs |access-date=2021-12-09 |website=www.usa.gov |language=en}}</ref>
 
There is some disagreement among scholars about how widespread warfare was in pre-Columbian America,<ref>{{cite book |author=W. D. Rubinstein |title=Genocide: A History |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nMMAk4VwLLwC&pg=PA12 |year=2004 |publisher=Pearson Education |isbn=978-0-582-50601-5 |page=12}}</ref> but there is general agreement that war became deadlier after the arrival of the Europeans and their firearms.{{Citation needed|reason=Actually the scholarly consensus is that Amerindian warfare and violence was highly evolved prior to the arrival of Europeans. See War Before Civilization by Keeley. As well as North American Indigenous Warfare and Ritual Violence. Chacon Edit.|date=October 2019}} The South or Central American infrastructure allowed for thousands of European [[conquistador]]s and tens of thousands of their [[Indian auxiliaries]] to attack the dominant Indigenous civilization. Empires such as the [[Inca]]s depended on a highly centralized administration for the distribution of resources. Disruption caused by the war and the colonization hampered the traditional economy, and possibly led to shortages of food and materials.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Inca_Government/ |title=Inca Government |last=Cartwright |first=Mark |date=Oct 2015 |website=[[World History Encyclopedia]] |publisher=Knights of Vatican |access-date=19 July 2017 |quote=Eventually 40,000 Incas would govern some 10 million subjects speaking over 30 different languages. Consequently, the centralised Inca government, employing a vast network of administrators, governed over a patchwork empire which, in practice, touched local populations to varying degrees.}}</ref> Across the western hemisphere, war with various Native American civilizations constituted alliances based out of both necessity or economic prosperity and, resulted in mass-scale intertribal warfare.<ref>{{cite book |author=W. D. Rubinstein |title=Indian Conquistadors: Indigenous Allies in the Conquest of Mesoamerica |year=2012 |publisher=University of Oklahoma Press; Reprint edition |isbn=978-0-8061-4325-5 |page=1}}</ref> European colonization in the North American continent also contributed to a number of wars between Native Americans, who fought over which of them should have first access to new technology and weaponry—like in the [[Beaver Wars]].<ref>Increased deadliness of warfare, see for example Hanson, ch.&nbsp;6. See also [[flower war]].</ref>
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population_history_of_the_Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas"