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{{Short description|Zionist paramilitary organization (1920–1948)}}
{{Distinguish|Agana|Agunah}}
{{For|the hand-to-hand combat style known as the Haganah system|Krav Maga}}
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{{Infobox military unit
| unit_name = Haganah
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The evolution of Jewish defense organizations in Palestine and later Israel went from small self-defense groups active during [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] rule, to ever larger and more sophisticated ones during the [[Mandatory Palestine|British Mandate]], leading through the Haganah to the national army of Israel, the IDF. The evolution went step by step from [[Bar-Giora]], to [[Hashomer]], to Haganah, to IDF.{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}
The Jewish paramilitary organizations in the [[Yishuv|New Yishuv]] (the Zionist enterprise in Palestine) started with the [[Second Aliyah]] (1904 to 1914).<ref>{{cite web |author=Speedy |url=http://thespeedymedia.blogspot.com/2011/09/idfs-history.html#.U4ei6F4ZffM |title=The Speedy Media: IDF's History |publisher=Thespeedymedia.blogspot.com |date=2011-09-12 |access-date=2014-08-03 |archive-date=2019-03-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327205050/http://thespeedymedia.blogspot.com/2011/09/idfs-history.html#.U4ei6F4ZffM |url-status=dead }}</ref> The first such organization was [[Bar-Giora (organization)|Bar-Giora]], founded in September 1907. It consisted of a small group of Jewish immigrants who guarded settlements for an annual fee. It was converted to Hashomer ({{lang-he|השומר}}; "The Watchman") in April 1909, which operated until the British Mandate of Palestine came into being in 1920. Hashomer was an elitist organization which never had more than 100 members.<ref>[[Tom Segev|Segev, Tom]] (2018 - 2019 translation [[Haim Watzman]]) ''A State at Any Cost. The Life of David Ben-Gurion.'' Apollo. {{ISBN|9-781789-544633}} p.96</ref> During [[World War I]], the forerunners of the Haganah/IDF were the [[Zion Mule Corps]] and the [[Jewish Legion]], both of which were part of the British Army. After the [[1920 Palestine riots|Arab riots]] against Jews in April 1920, the Yishuv's leadership saw the need to create a nationwide underground defense organization, and the Haganah was founded in June of the same year. The Haganah became a full-scale defense force after the [[1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine]] with an organized structure, consisting of three main units—the [[Hish (Haganah corps)|Field Corps]], [[Guard Corps (Haganah)|Guard Corps]], and the [[Palmach]] strike force. During World War II the successor to the Jewish Legion of World War I was the [[Jewish Brigade]], which was joined by many Haganah fighters. During the 1947–48 civil war between the Arab and Jewish communities in what was still Mandatory Palestine, a reorganized Haganah managed to defend or wrestle most of the territory it was ordered to hold or capture. At the beginning of the ensuing 1948–49 full-scale conventional war against regular Arab armies, the Haganah was reorganized to become the core of the new Israel Defense Forces.{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}
===1920 Palestine riots and 1921 Jaffa riots===
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The Saison officially ended when the Haganah, Irgun and the Lehi formed the [[Jewish Resistance Movement]], in 1945. Within this new framework, the three groups agreed to operate under a joint command. They had different functions, which served to drive the British out of Palestine and create a [[Jewish state]].
The Haganah was less active in the [[Jewish insurgency in Palestine|Jewish Rebellion]] than the other two groups, but the Palmach did carry out anti-British operations, including a raid on the [[Atlit detainee camp]] that released 208 illegal immigrants, the [[Night of the Trains]], the [[Night of the Bridges]], and attacks on [[Palestine Police Force|Palestine Police]] bases.<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://info.palmach.org.il/show_item.asp?levelId=42858&itemId=8697&itemType=0 |
In addition to its operations, the Haganah continued to secretly prepare for a war with the Arabs once the British left by building up its arms and munitions stocks. It maintained a secret arms industry, with the most significant facility being an underground bullet factory underneath Ayalon, a kibbutz that had been established specifically to cover it up.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.haaretz.com/news/remembrance-and-independence-2013/how-a-fake-kibbutz-was-built-to-hide-a-bullet-factory.premium-1.515584|title=How a Fake Kibbutz Was Built to Hide a Bullet Factory|first=Debra|last=Kamin|date=15 April 2013|newspaper=Haaretz}}</ref>
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[[Category:Mandatory Palestine in World War II]]
[[Category:Hebrew words and phrases]]
[[Category:Words and phrases in Modern Hebrew]]
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