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{{
{{Infobox scientist
| name = Jacob Appelbaum
| image = Jacob Appelbaum-IMG 9320.jpg
| image_size = 250px
| alt = Picture of Jacob Appelbaum
| caption = Appelbaum in 2013
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1983|4|1}}
| citizenship =
| fields = [[Computer security]], [[Cryptography]]
| workplaces = [[University of Washington]],<ref name="tor">{{cite web |url=https://www.torproject.org/about/corepeople.html |title=Tor Project: Core People |publisher=Tor |access-date=13 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120722020641/https://www.torproject.org/about/corepeople.html |archive-date=22 July 2012
| doctoral_advisor = [[Tanja Lange]], [[Daniel J. Bernstein]]<ref name="phd_eindhoven" /><ref name="Bernstein">{{Cite web|url=https://www.theverge.com/2017/12/21/16807116/infosec-community-sexual-predators-weinstein-assault|title=What happened when the infosec community outed its own sexual predators|last=Jeong|first=Sarah|date=2017-12-21|website=The Verge|access-date=2019-03-21|archive-date=2019-03-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190321025842/https://www.theverge.com/2017/12/21/16807116/infosec-community-sexual-predators-weinstein-assault|url-status=live}}</ref>
| known_for = * [[Computer security]] research
* spokesperson for [[WikiLeaks]]
* developer<ref name="tor" /> for [[The Tor Project]]<ref name="roll2010">{{cite news|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/news/meet-the-american-hacker-behind-wikileaks-20101201|title=The American Wikileaks Hacker|first=Nathaniel|last=Rich|newspaper=[[Rolling Stone]]|date=1 December 2010|access-date=3 July 2014|quote=An anarchist street kid raised by a heroin- addict father, he dropped out of high school, taught himself the intricacies of code and developed a healthy paranoia along the way.|archive-date=17 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150317031320/http://www.rollingstone.com/culture/news/meet-the-american-hacker-behind-wikileaks-20101201
* journalist dealing with [[Global surveillance disclosures (2013–present)|Edward Snowden documents]]
* [[sexual abuse]] allegations
| awards = 2014 [[Henri
}}
'''Jacob Appelbaum''' (born
Appelbaum studied at the [[Eindhoven University of Technology]] and was a core member of the [[Tor (anonymity network)|Tor
Under the [[pseudonym]] "ioerror," Appelbaum was an active member of the [[Cult of the Dead Cow]] hacker collective from 2008<ref name="Farivar-2016-06-05"/> to 2016, when sexual abuse allegations led to him being the only person to ever be ejected from the group.<ref name=":2">{{cite press release|title=CULT OF THE DEAD COW Statement on Jacob Appelbaum / ioerror|date=6 June 2016|publisher=Cult of the Dead Cow|url=http://w3.cultdeadcow.com/cms/2016/06/cult-of-the-dead-cow-statement-on-jacob-appelbaum-ioerror.html|access-date=2016-06-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160624051509/http://w3.cultdeadcow.com/cms/2016/06/cult-of-the-dead-cow-statement-on-jacob-appelbaum-ioerror.html|archive-date=24 June 2016
Many of these organizations, as well as his employer [[Tor (anonymity network)|Tor]], ended their association with Appelbaum in June 2016 following allegations of sexual abuse.<ref name=":2" /><ref name="Freedom of the Press Foundation ends association.">{{cite web | url=https://freedom.press/blog/2016/06/statement-jacob-appelbaum | title=Statement on Jacob Appelbaum | publisher=Freedom of the Press Foundation | access-date=8 June 2016 | author=Trevor, Timm | date=8 June 2016 | archive-date=8 June 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160608220423/https://freedom.press/blog/2016/06/statement-jacob-appelbaum | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="'Sam' and 'Forest' Reveal Identities"/><ref name="blog.noisebridge.net">{{cite web|title=Noisebridge Statement on Jacob Appelbaum|url=http://blog.noisebridge.net/post/145728465358/noisebridge-statement-on-jacob-appelbaum|website=Noisebridge Blog|access-date=16 June 2016|archive-date=14 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160614050852/http://blog.noisebridge.net/post/145728465358/noisebridge-statement-on-jacob-appelbaum|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Chaos Computer Club ban.">{{cite web | url=https://gizmodo.com/jacob-appelbaum-banned-from-prominent-hacker-conference-1782164249 | title=Jacob Appelbaum Banned From Prominent Hacker Conference Following Sexual Assault Allegations | website=Gizmodo | date=2016-06-17 | access-date=18 June 2016 | author=Turton, William | archive-date=2016-06-17 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160617215554/http://gizmodo.com/jacob-appelbaum-banned-from-prominent-hacker-conference-1782164249 | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Appelbaum Expelled from Debian">{{cite web|url=http://www.itwire.com/business-it-news/open-source/73415-security-expert-appelbaum-no-longer-part-of-debian.html|title=Security expert Appelbaum no longer part of Debian|date=18 June 2016|publisher=ITWire|access-date=2 July 2016|archive-date=23 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160623104201/http://www.itwire.com/business-it-news/open-source/73415-security-expert-appelbaum-no-longer-part-of-debian.html|url-status=live}}</ref> After a seven-week investigation led by an outside investigator, Tor concluded that many of the allegations of misconduct were accurate.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2016-07-28 |title=Investigation confirms Jacob Appelbaum sexual misconduct at Tor Project |url=https://www.dailydot.com/debug/tor-project-jacob-appelbaum-sexual-assault-rape-investigation/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220329060025/https://www.dailydot.com/debug/tor-project-jacob-appelbaum-sexual-assault-rape-investigation/ |archive-date=2022-03-29 |access-date=2022-07-22 |website=The Daily Dot |language=en-US}}</ref> Appelbaum has denied the allegations.<ref name="Guardian Appelbaum denial">{{cite web | last=Yadron | first=Danny | title=Digital privacy activist Jacob Appelbaum denies colleagues' assault allegations | website=the Guardian | date=6 June 2016 | url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2016/jun/06/jacob-appelbaum-tor-denies-assault-allegations | access-date=12 July 2016}}</ref> Various activists and others publicly supported Appelbaum, voicing concerns about [[due process]], trial by [[social media]], and questioning the claims,<ref name="Die Presse und der Pranger">{{cite web|last1=Riegel|first1=Tobias|title=Die Presse und der Pranger|url=https://www.neues-deutschland.de/artikel/1015075.die-presse-und-der-pranger.html|website=neues deutschland|access-date=17 June 2016|date=13 June 2016|language=de|trans-title=The press and the pillory|archive-date=14 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160614120543/https://www.neues-deutschland.de/artikel/1015075.die-presse-und-der-pranger.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="faz.net">{{cite news|last1=Alphonso|first1=Don|title=Aktivistinnen rufen zum Ende der Hetzjagd gegen Appelbaum auf|url=https://www.faz.net/aktuell/feuilleton/medien/offener-brief-zu-vorwuerfen-ueber-jacob-appelbaum-14284019.html|newspaper=Faz.net|access-date=17 June 2016|date=13 June 2016|language=de|trans-title=Women activists call for an end to the witch-hunt against Jacob Appelbaum|archive-date=16 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160616130505/http://www.faz.net/aktuell/feuilleton/medien/offener-brief-zu-vorwuerfen-ueber-jacob-appelbaum-14284019.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="ourresponse.org">{{Cite web|url=https://ourresponse.org/|title=In solidarity with Jacob Applebaum and on the side of justice for all|date=Jun 8, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170608171941/https://ourresponse.org/|access-date=Sep 5, 2019|archive-date=2017-06-08}}</ref> while others credit the incident with changing the [[information security]] community's [[MeToo movement|attitude towards sheltering known abusers]].<ref name="Bernstein"/> The affair has had repercussions in the online privacy advocacy world.<ref name="Sexual Misconduct Scandal Explodes">{{cite news | url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-switch/wp/2016/07/27/what-you-should-know-about-the-sexual-misconduct-scandal-that-shook-the-privacy-world/#comments | title=Jacob Appelbaum was an online privacy hero. Then a sex misconduct scandal exploded | newspaper=The Washington Post | date=2016-07-28 | access-date=2016-07-30 | author=Peterson, Andrea | archive-date=2021-01-30 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210130224215/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-switch/wp/2016/07/27/what-you-should-know-about-the-sexual-misconduct-scandal-that-shook-the-privacy-world/#comments | url-status=live }}</ref> U.S. news media treated the allegations as credible,<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> and reactions in Germany were mixed.<ref name="Die Zeit Contradictions-English">{{cite news
| url=http://www.zeit.de/kultur/2016-08/jacob-appelbaum-rape-sexual-abuse-allegations/komplettansicht
| title=Jacob Appelbaum: What Has This Man Done?
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| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160813160106/http://www.zeit.de/kultur/2016-08/jacob-appelbaum-rape-sexual-abuse-allegations/komplettansicht
| url-status=live
}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Boie |first=Johannes |title=Jacob Appelbaum weist Missbrauchsvorwürfe zurück |url=https://www.sueddeutsche.de/digital/jacob-appelbaum-missbrauchsvorwuerfe-erschuettern-berliner-hacker-szene-1.3022341 |access-date=2023-03-18 |website=Süddeutsche.de |date=6 June 2016 |language=de |archive-date=2023-03-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230318223035/https://www.sueddeutsche.de/digital/jacob-appelbaum-missbrauchsvorwuerfe-erschuettern-berliner-hacker-szene-1.3022341 |url-status=live }}</ref>
==Early life and education==
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| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160820123312/http://www.spiegel.de/kultur/gesellschaft/henri-nannen-preis-spiegel-redakteure-ausgezeichnet-a-969932.html
| url-status=live
}}</ref> for investigative journalism. Appelbaum shared the prize with ''Der Spiegel'' writers and editors [[Marcel Rosenbach]], {{Interlanguage link multi|Jörg Schindler (journalist)|de|3=Jörg Schindler (Journalist)|lt=Jörg Schindler}}, and {{Interlanguage link multi|Holger Stark (journalist)|lt=Holger Stark|de|
| url=http://www.stern.de/panorama/gesellschaft/henri-nannen-im-nationalsozialismus-verseuchte-vergangenheit-3166768.html
| title=Henri Nannen im Nationalsozialismus: Verseuchte Vergangenheit
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Appelbaum has collaborated on several other high-profile research projects.
* The [[cold boot attack]], with [[J. Alex Halderman]], [[Seth Schoen]], [[Nadia Heninger]], William Clarkson, William Paul, Joseph A. Calandrino, Ariel J. Feldman, and [[Edward W. Felten]].<ref>{{cite news | first=John | last=Markoff | title=Researchers Find Way to Steal Encrypted Data | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/02/22/technology/22chip.html?_r=3&hp&oref=slogin&oref=slogin&oref=slogin | newspaper=[[The New York Times]] | date=22 February 2008 | access-date=3 August 2010 | archive-date=20 February 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130220001216/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/02/22/technology/22chip.html?_r=3&hp&oref=slogin&oref=slogin&oref=slogin | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="ColdBoot pub">{{cite web |url=http://citp.princeton.edu/memory/ |title=Lest We Remember: Cold Boot Attacks on Encryption Keys |author1=J. Alex Halderman |author2=[[Seth Schoen|Seth D. Schoen]] |author3=[[Nadia Heninger]] |author4=William Clarkson |author5=William Paul |author6=Joseph A. Calandrino |author7=Ariel J. Feldman |author8=Jacob Appelbaum |author9=[[Edward W. Felten]] |location=San Jose, CA |publisher=[[Princeton University]] |date=21 February 2008 |access-date=9 August 2016
* The [[MD5]] [[collision attack]], with [[Alexander Sotirov]], Marc Stevens, [[Arjen Lenstra]], David Molnar, Dag Arne Osvik, and Benne de Weger.<ref>{{cite conference
| url=http://www.win.tue.nl/hashclash/rogue-ca/
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Appelbaum has taken part in a number of art projects with dissident artists including [[Laura Poitras]], [[Trevor Paglen]], [[Ai Weiwei]], and [[Angela Richter]].<ref name="NYT Dissent">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/09/opinion/the-art-of-dissent.html|title=The Art of Dissent|last=Poitras|first=Laura|date=9 June 2015|newspaper=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=25 May 2016|archive-date=10 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160410060841/http://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/09/opinion/the-art-of-dissent.html|url-status=live}}</ref> His art has given rise to projects such as ''Panda to Panda'' (P2P)<ref name="Fusion Panda">{{cite web |url=http://fusion.net/story/125475/ai-weiwei-jacob-appelbaum-and-laura-poitras/ |title=Three days in Beijing with three of the world's most famous dissidents |last=Hill |first=Kashmir |website=fusion.com |date=27 April 2015 |access-date=4 August 2016 |archive-date=31 July 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160731012328/http://fusion.net/story/125475/ai-weiwei-jacob-appelbaum-and-laura-poitras/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and the ''[[Autonomy Cube]]''.<ref name="Wired cube">{{cite web |url=https://www.wired.com/2016/04/sculpture-lets-museums-amplify-tors-anonymity-network/ |title=The Artist Using Museums to Amplify Tor's Anonymity Network |website=wired.com |last=Greenberg |first=Andy |date=1 April 2016 |access-date=4 August 2016 |archive-date=28 July 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160728222858/https://www.wired.com/2016/04/sculpture-lets-museums-amplify-tors-anonymity-network/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Paglen cube">{{cite web |url=http://paglen.com/index.php?l=work&s=cube |title=Autonomy Cube (2014) |website=paglen.com |access-date=4 August 2016 |archive-date=9 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160609221904/http://www.paglen.com/index.php?l=work&s=cube |url-status=live }}</ref>
Appelbaum is also a photographer who has contributed still photographs to film and game projects.<ref name="IMDB projects">{{cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm3335834/?ref_=fn_al_nm_1 |title=Jacob Appelbaum |website=imdb.com |access-date=31 July 2016 |archive-date=13 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221013134953/https://www.imdb.com/name/nm3335834/?ref_=fn_al_nm_1 |url-status=live }}</ref> He exhibited his work in a solo show at NOME in 2016.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nomeproject.com/news/nome-presents-jacob-appelbaums-first-solo-show |access-date=6 June 2016 |title=NOME presents Jacob Appelbaum's first solo show |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160625085031/http://nomeproject.com/news/nome-presents-jacob-appelbaums-first-solo-show |archive-date=25 June 2016
Appelbaum appeared in [[Laura Poitras]]'s [[Academy Awards|Academy Award]]-winning film ''[[Citizenfour]]'' (2014),<ref name="IMDB Citizenfour">{{cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt4044364/fullcredits?ref_=tt_ov_st_sm |title=Citizenfour (2014) Full Cast & Crew |website=imdb.com |access-date=31 July 2016 |archive-date=13 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221013134952/https://www.imdb.com/title/tt4044364/fullcredits?ref_=tt_ov_st_sm |url-status=live }}</ref> which documents the public emergence of [[National Security Agency|NSA]] whistle-blower [[Edward Snowden]] and the political circumstances leading to his actions. Appelbaum stars in Poitras's portrait of [[WikiLeaks]] founder [[Julian Assange]], [[Risk (2016 film)|''Risk'']] (2016).<ref name="IMDB Risk">{{cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt4964772/?ref_=fn_al_tt_1 |title=Risk (2016) |website=imdb.com |access-date=31 July 2016 |archive-date=8 May 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170508074744/http://www.imdb.com/title/tt4964772/?ref_=fn_al_tt_1 |url-status=live }}</ref> Appelbaum worked with Canadian film-maker [[Jamie Kastner]] for his documentary, "Nobody Wants to Talk About Jacob Appelbaum." The film was screened for buyers in September 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Benzine |first=Adam |date=2023-09-07 |title=Doc 'Nobody Wants to Talk About Jacob Appelbaum' Gets Buyers Screening at Toronto (EXCLUSIVE) |url=https://variety.com/2023/film/news/doc-nobody-wants-to-talk-about-jacob-appelbaum-1235715781/ |access-date=2023-12-02 |website=Variety |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-12-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231202034522/https://variety.com/2023/film/news/doc-nobody-wants-to-talk-about-jacob-appelbaum-1235715781/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
He was an artist in residence for the art group [[monochrom]] at [[Museumsquartier]] in 2006.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://monochrom.at/ |title=Monochrom |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |website=monochrom.at |access-date=April 8, 2017 |archive-date=April 13, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170413002445/http://www.monochrom.at/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
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Appelbaum represented Wikileaks founder Julian Assange in a keynote address at the 2010 [[Hackers on Planet Earth|HOPE]] conference.<ref name="roll2010"/>
In August 2013, Appelbaum delivered Edward Snowden's acceptance speech after he was awarded the biannual Whistleblower Prize by a group of NGOs at the [[Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities]].<ref name="heise-1922132">{{cite web|url=http://www.heise.de/newsticker/meldung/Whistleblower-Preis-fuer-Edward-Snowden-1922132.html |title=Whistleblower-Preis für Edward Snowden |access-date=25 July 2013 |author=Detlef Borchers |date=23 July 2013 |website=[[Heise Online]] |archive-date=26 July 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130726140433/http://www.heise.de/newsticker/meldung/Whistleblower-Preis-fuer-Edward-Snowden-1922132.html
===Surveillance, airport detention, and WikiLeaks investigation===
Appelbaum says he believes he has been under government surveillance since 2009, to the detriment of himself, his friends, and his close relations.<ref name="exberliner.com">{{Cite web |last=Schneider |first=Ruth |date=Sep 22, 2014 |title=Jacob Appelbaum: Revolutionary times |url=https://www.exberliner.com/berlin/jacob-appelbaum-on-the-usa-and-nsa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150509030245/http://www.exberliner.com/features/people/jacob-appelbaum-on-the-usa-and-nsa/ |archive-date=May 9, 2015 |access-date=Feb 9, 2023 |website=EXBERLINER.com}}</ref> In interviews he has stated that living in Germany has given him a sense of relief from U.S. surveillance.<ref name="motherboard.vice.com">{{Cite web|url=http://motherboard.vice.com/blog/jacob-appelbaum-utopia-interview|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029195151/http://motherboard.vice.com/blog/jacob-appelbaum-utopia-interview
While traveling, Appelbaum has been detained at airports and had his electronic equipment seized several times.<ref name="DemocracyNow2">Democracy Now!: [http://www.democracynow.org/2012/4/20/we_do_not_live_in_a "We
In 2010, the [[US Department of Justice]] obtained a [[Twitter subpoena|court order compelling Twitter]] to provide data associated with the user accounts of Appelbaum, as well as several other individuals associated with WikiLeaks. While the order was originally sealed, Twitter successfully petitioned the court to unseal it, permitting the company to inform its users that their account information had been requested.<ref name="Democracy Now (1)" /><ref>{{cite news |first=Declan |last=McCullagh |title=DOJ sends order to Twitter for Wikileaks-related account info |url=http://news.cnet.com/8301-31921_3-20027893-281.html |publisher=[[CNET Networks|CNET News]] |date=7 January 2011 |access-date=12 January 2011 |archive-date=12 January 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110112154256/http://news.cnet.com/8301-31921_3-20027893-281.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
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In 2015, it was revealed that Google had been forced to turn over information from his [[Gmail]] account.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gallagher |first=Ryan |date=June 20, 2015 |title=Revealed: How DOJ Gagged Google over Surveillance of WikiLeaks Volunteer |url=https://theintercept.com/2015/06/20/wikileaks-jacob-appelbaum-google-investigation/ |access-date=2022-07-22 |website=The Intercept |language=en |archive-date=2022-05-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220519184528/https://theintercept.com/2015/06/20/wikileaks-jacob-appelbaum-google-investigation/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
In 2019, he told reporters that he had been contacted by Alexandria prosecutors about cooperating with the WikiLeaks grand jury for immunity, but had refused.<ref>{{Cite web |title=U.S. prosecutors press witnesses to testify against Assange-WikiLeaks |url=https://news.yahoo.com/u-prosecutors-press-witnesses-testify-against-assange-wikileaks-220435691.html |access-date=2022-07-22 |website=news.yahoo.com |date=23 January 2019 |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-07-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220722062456/https://news.yahoo.com/u-prosecutors-press-witnesses-testify-against-assange-wikileaks-220435691.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
== Allegations of sexual misconduct ==
In March 2015, Appelbaum was suspended from his position at the Tor Project for ten days due to alleged incidents of harassment.<ref>{{cite magazine|last1=Greenberg|first1=Andy|title=Tor Developer Jacob Appelbaum Resigns Amid Sex Abuse Claims|url=https://www.wired.com/2016/06/tor-developer-jacob-appelbaum-resigns-amid-sex-abuse-claims/|magazine=Wired|publisher=Condé Nast|access-date=19 June 2016|date=6 June 2016|archive-date=25 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160625115809/https://www.wired.com/2016/06/tor-developer-jacob-appelbaum-resigns-amid-sex-abuse-claims/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Bernstein-2016-06-10">{{cite web |last1=Bernstein |first1=Joseph |date=10 June 2016 |title=Sources: Tor Project Board Knew Of Allegations Against Jacob Appelbaum For Over A Year |url=https://www.buzzfeed.com/josephbernstein/sources-tor-project-board-knew-about-allegations-against-jac |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160610135925/https://www.buzzfeed.com/josephbernstein/sources-tor-project-board-knew-about-allegations-against-jac |archive-date=10 June 2016 |access-date=19 June 2016 |website=BuzzFeed |publisher=BuzzFeed Inc.}}</ref><ref name="Gierow-2016-06-08">{{cite web |last=Gierow |first=Hauke |date=8 June 2016 |title=Appelbaum wurde bereits 2015 von Tor suspendiert |url=http://www.golem.de/news/missbrauchsvorwuerfe-appelbaum-wurde-bereits-2015-von-tor-suspendiert-1606-121375.html |access-date=19 June 2016 |website=Golem.de |language=de}}</ref>
On 25 May 2016, Appelbaum stepped down from his position at [[The Tor Project, Inc|Tor]];<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://blog.torproject.org/blog/jacob-appelbaum-leaves-tor-project |title=Jacob Appelbaum leaves the Tor Project |date=2 June 2016 |publisher=[[The Tor Project, Inc]] |access-date=4 June 2016 |archive-date=25 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160825185827/https://blog.torproject.org/blog/jacob-appelbaum-leaves-tor-project |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://mic.com/articles/145279/jacob-appelbaum-digital-rights-activist-leaves-tor-amid-sexual-misconduct-allegations |title=Jacob Appelbaum, Digital Rights Activist, Leaves Tor Amid Sexual Misconduct Allegations |work=[[Mic (media company)|Tech.Mic]] |first=Jack
Also on 4 June, a website appeared with anonymous accounts of mistreatment by Appelbaum.<ref name="Unwanted Sexual Advances Described">{{cite web | url=https://gizmodo.com/eyewitnesses-recount-tor-developer-jacob-appelbaum-s-un-1781048751 | title=Eyewitnesses Recount Tor Developer Jacob Appelbaum's Unwanted Sexual Advances | website=Gizmodo | date=7 June 2016 | access-date=9 June 2016 | author=Turton, William}}</ref> On 6 June, Appelbaum issued a statement denouncing the allegations as part of a concerted strategy to damage his reputation.<ref name="Guardian Appelbaum denial" /><ref name="Gizmodo Appelbaum denial">{{cite web |last=Turton |first=William |date=6 June 2016 |title=Tor Developer Jacob Appelbaum Resigns, Denies Sexual Assault Claims |url=https://gizmodo.com/tor-developer-jacob-appelbaum-denies-sexual-assualt-acc-1780440997 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160712015112/http://gizmodo.com/tor-developer-jacob-appelbaum-denies-sexual-assualt-acc-1780440997 |archive-date=12 July 2016 |access-date=12 July 2016 |website=Gizmodo}}</ref><ref name="Condé Nast">{{cite web |last1=Farivar |first1=Cyrus |date=6 June 2016 |title=Breaking silence, ex-Tor developer decries "vicious and spurious allegations" |url=https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2016/06/ex-tor-dev-jacob-appelbaum-denies-criminal-sexual-misconduct-allegations/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160608055635/http://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2016/06/ex-tor-dev-jacob-appelbaum-denies-criminal-sexual-misconduct-allegations/ |archive-date=8 June 2016 |access-date=6 June 2016 |website=Ars Technica |publisher=Condé Nast}}</ref> Security engineer Leigh Honeywell came forward on 7 June to publicly relate the website's stories with her relationship with Appelbaum, in which she described Appelbaum ignoring a [[safeword]] and becoming violent.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Larson|first1=Selena|title=Security engineer goes public about Appelbaum: 'I felt afraid and violated'|url=http://www.dailydot.com/politics/jacob-appelbaum-harassment-woman-comes-forward/|website=The Daily Dot|access-date=14 June 2016|date=7 June 2016|archive-date=13 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160613132933/http://www.dailydot.com/politics/jacob-appelbaum-harassment-woman-comes-forward/|url-status=live}}</ref> An anonymously leaked letter that the Tor Project's human resources manager had written to Appelbaum in conjunction with his March 2015 suspension for unprofessional conduct was published on 7 June.<ref name="Bernstein-2016-06-10" /><ref name="Gierow-2016-06-08" /><ref>{{cite web |date=7 June 2016 |title=Jacob Appelbaum Suspension |url=http://www.fearlessblogging.com/post/view/33546 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160612092845/http://www.fearlessblogging.com/post/view/33546 |archive-date=12 June 2016 |access-date=19 June 2016 |website=fearlessblogging.com}}</ref> On 15 June, [[Alison Macrina]] (the director of the [[Library Freedom Project]]) and Isis Lovecruft (a [[Tor (anonymity network)|Tor]] developer) publicly announced that the website's anonymous accounts of sexual abuse, under the pseudonyms of "Sam" and "Forest," respectively, were their own.<ref name="'Sam' and 'Forest' Reveal Identities">{{cite news | url=http://www.dailydot.com/politics/jacob-appelbaum-sexual-assault-alison-macrina/ | title=2 more people publicly allege sexual misconduct by Jacob Appelbaum | work=The Daily Dot | date=15 June 2016 | access-date=15 June 2016 | last1=Cameron | first1=Dell | last2=Larson | first2=Selena | archive-date=16 June 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160616051211/http://www.dailydot.com/politics/jacob-appelbaum-sexual-assault-alison-macrina/ | url-status=live }}</ref>
In response to the allegations, the [[Cult of the Dead Cow]] ejected Appelbaum on 7 June,<ref name="forbes.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/ygrauer/2016/06/10/security-news-you-might-have-missed-twitter-hacks-and-snowden-concerns/#bd981d374c69|title=Security News You Might Have Missed: Twitter Hacks And Snowden Concerns|date=10 June 2016|website=Forbes|last1=Grauer|first1=Yael|access-date=14 June 2016|archive-date=13 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160613114541/http://www.forbes.com/sites/ygrauer/2016/06/10/security-news-you-might-have-missed-twitter-hacks-and-snowden-concerns/#bd981d374c69|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Cult of the Dead Cow ends association with Appelbaum.">{{cite web|url=http://www.heise.de/newsticker/meldung/Nach-Missbrauchsvorwuerfen-Cult-of-the-Dead-Cow-trennt-sich-von-Jacob-Appelbaum-3231479.html|title=Nach Missbrauchsvorwürfen: Cult of the Dead Cow trennt sich von Jacob Appelbaum|date=8 June 2016|website=heise online|language=de|trans-title=After molestation allegations: Cult of the Dead Cow separates from Jacob Appelbaum|last1=Holland|first1=Martin|access-date=14 June 2016|archive-date=14 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160614054056/http://www.heise.de/newsticker/meldung/Nach-Missbrauchsvorwuerfen-Cult-of-the-Dead-Cow-trennt-sich-von-Jacob-Appelbaum-3231479.html|url-status=live}}</ref> and the [[Freedom of the Press Foundation]] removed him from their volunteer technical advisory board on 8 June.<ref name="Freedom of the Press Foundation ends association."/><ref name="gizmodo.com">{{cite web|url=https://gizmodo.com/jacob-appelbaum-has-allegedly-engaged-in-sexual-miscond-1781314215|title=Jacob Appelbaum Has Allegedly Engaged in Sexual Misconduct for Over a Decade|website=Gizmodo|last1=Turton|first1=William|date=8 June 2016|access-date=11 June 2016|archive-date=11 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160611214150/http://gizmodo.com/jacob-appelbaum-has-allegedly-engaged-in-sexual-miscond-1781314215|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Noisebridge]] announced on 10 June that co-founder Appelbaum had triggered their Anti-Harassment policy and is "no longer welcome in our community, either in its physical or online spaces,"<ref name="'Sam' and 'Forest' Reveal Identities"/><ref name="blog.noisebridge.net"/> and on 17 June the [[Chaos Computer Club]] announced that he was not welcome.<ref name="Chaos Computer Club ban."/> On 18 June his status as a [[Debian]] project developer was revoked. On 1 July [[Linux Australia]] barred Appelbaum from future events.<ref name="Appelbaum Barred from Linux Australia">{{cite web | url=http://lists.linux.org.au/pipermail/linux-aus/2016-July/022778.html | title=[Linux-aus] Clarifying our position | publisher=linux.org.au | date=1 July 2017 | access-date=3 July 2016 | author=Blemings, Hugh | archive-date=13 October 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221013134953/http://lists.linux.org.au/pipermail/linux-aus/2016-July/022778.html | url-status=live }}</ref>
On 10 June, a woman whom three witnesses claimed to have seen being abused,<ref name="Unwanted Sexual Advances Described" /> denied the abuse allegations.<ref name="DailyDot Baehring denial">{{cite web |last1=Cameron |first1=Dell |last2=O'Neill |first2=Patrick Howell |title=Woman refutes claims that Jacob Appelbaum sexually harassed her |website=The Daily Dot |date=10 June 2016 |url=http://www.dailydot.com/layer8/jacob-appelbaum-jill-bahring-statement/ |access-date=12 July 2016 |archive-date=15 July 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160715001214/http://www.dailydot.com/layer8/jacob-appelbaum-jill-bahring-statement/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In a statement released by Gizmodo journalist William Turton, she wrote that her experience was distorted and reported without her consent.<ref name="Gizmodo Baehring denial">{{cite web | last=Turton | first=William | title=Jill Bahring: I Was Not Assaulted by Jacob Appelbaum | website=Gizmodo | date=9 June 2016 | url=https://gizmodo.com/jill-bahring-i-was-not-assaulted-by-jacob-appelbaum-1781684838 | access-date=12 July 2016}}</ref> On 17 June 2016, activists, journalists and legal professionals supporting Appelbaum signed a document defending his right to due process, and deploring the story's treatment by social media.<ref name="Die Presse und der Pranger"/><ref name="faz.net"/><ref name="ourresponse.org"/> In June 2016, the façade of the building in which Appelbaum's Berlin apartment is located was defaced in English and German with [[graffiti]] directly referencing the allegations.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Winterbauer|first1=Stefan|title=Jacob Appelbaum und Gina-Lisa Lohfink: Sex als Ware und Waffe im Netz und in den Medien|url=http://meedia.de/2016/06/13/jacob-appelbaum-und-gina-lisa-lohfink-sex-als-ware-und-waffe-im-netz-und-in-den-medien/|website=Meedia|access-date=17 June 2016|date=13 June 2016|language=de|trans-title=Jacob Appelbaum and Gina-Lisa Lohfink: Sex as a commodity and weapon on the net and in the media}}</ref>
In July 2016, the Tor Project announced it had completed a seven-week investigation led by a hired investigator. According to Shari Steele, Tor Project "did everything in our power" to treat Mr. Appelbaum fairly,
| url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/28/technology/tor-project-jacob-appelbaum.html
| title=Tor Project Confirms Sexual Misconduct Claims Against Employee
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}}</ref><ref name=":1" /> According to her summary of the investigation, which was not released, "many people inside and outside the Tor Project have reported incidents of being humiliated, intimidated, bullied, and frightened" by Jacob Appelbaum, and that "several experienced unwanted sexually aggressive behavior from him."<ref name=":1
In July 2016, ''[[Süddeutsche Zeitung]]'' reported that allegations against Appelbaum had been known in Berlin hacker circles for years. A hacker from [[Berlin]] told the newspaper that "I can feel a huge sense of relief that the silence has at last been broke."<ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=June 6, 2016 |title=Famed Berlin hacker linked to Wikileaks fends off rape claim |url=https://www.thelocal.de/20160606/berlin-hacker-linked-to-wikileaks-fends-off-rape-allegations |website=The Local |access-date=March 18, 2023 |archive-date=March 18, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230318223035/https://www.thelocal.de/20160606/berlin-hacker-linked-to-wikileaks-fends-off-rape-allegations |url-status=live }}</ref> On 11 August 2016, the German weekly ''[[Die Zeit]]'' published a lengthy investigation into the rape charges, including interviews with three people present at the scene of the alleged rape. None of these witnesses corroborated the claims made by the anonymous victim. The article also reports that a second falsely identified victim had demanded that her story be removed from the anonymous website.<ref name="Die Zeit Contradictions-English" /> A change in attitude in the information security community towards calling out known abusers and believing reports of sexual misconduct was partially credited to Appelbaum's precedent.<ref name="Bernstein" />
==Personal life==
Appelbaum is an [[Atheism|atheist]] of [[Jews|Jewish]] background and identifies himself as [[queer]].<ref name="roll2010"/> Politically, he is an [[Anarchism|anarchist]].<ref name="roll2010"/><ref>{{cite web|title=Jacob Appelbaum (Part 1/2) Digital Anti-Repression Workshop - April 26, 2012|website=[[YouTube]]|date=27 April 2012 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=HHoJ9pQ0cn8#at=3323|access-date=28 June 2013|quote=Like, for me, as an atheist, bisexual, Jew, I'm gonna go on, uh - oh and Emma Goldman is one of my great heroes and I really think that anarchism is a fantastic principle by which to fashion a utopian society even if we can't get there.|archive-date=17 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131017175258/https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=HHoJ9pQ0cn8#at=3323|url-status=live}}</ref>
In 2012, he moved to [[Berlin]]
==See also==
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==References==
{{Reflist
==External links==
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[[Category:1983 births]]
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