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| awards = 2014 [[Henri Nannen Prize]]
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'''Jacob Appelbaum''' (born April 1, 1983)<ref name="artlyst">{{Cite web |url=https://artlyst.com/news/ai-weiwei-teams-up-with-wikileaks-activist-jacob-appelbaum-for-collaboration/ |title=Ai Weiwei Teams Up With Wikileaks Activist Jacob Appelbaum For Collaboration |date=2015-04-28 |website=Artlyst.com |access-date=2023-01-02 |archive-date=2023-01-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230102115756/https://artlyst.com/news/ai-weiwei-teams-up-with-wikileaks-activist-jacob-appelbaum-for-collaboration/ |url-status=live }}</ref> is an American independent journalist, [[computer security]] researcher, artist, and [[Hacking (innovation)|hacker]].
Appelbaum studied at the [[Eindhoven University of Technology]] and was a core member of the [[Tor (anonymity network)|Tor Project]], a [[free software]] network designed to provide online [[Anonymizer|anonymity]], until he stepped down from his position after multiple victims came forward with [[sexual abuse]] and rape allegations in 2016.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://blog.torproject.org/jacob-appelbaum-leaves-tor-project/ | title=Jacob Appelbaum leaves the Tor Project | publisher=Tor Project | date=2 June 2016 | access-date=10 July 2022 | archive-date=10 July 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710180406/https://blog.torproject.org/jacob-appelbaum-leaves-tor-project/ | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Farivar-2016-06-05">{{cite web | url=https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2016/06/tor-developer-jacob-appelbaum-quits-after-sexual-mistreatment-allegations/ | title=Tor developer Jacob Appelbaum quits after "sexual mistreatment" allegations | publisher=Conde Nast | website=[[Ars Technica]] | date=5 June 2016 | access-date=5 June 2016 | author=Farivar, Cyrus | archive-date=7 June 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160607014123/http://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2016/06/tor-developer-jacob-appelbaum-quits-after-sexual-mistreatment-allegations/ | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Ioerror-denies-allegations">{{cite web | url=https://twitter.com/ioerror/status/739731362404536320 | title=Twitlonger - When you talk too much for Twitter | date=6 June 2016 | access-date=10 July 2022 | author=Abbelbaum, Jacob | archive-date=10 July 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710180359/https://twitter.com/ioerror/status/739731362404536320 | url-status=live }}</ref> He was among several people to work with [[NSA]] contractor [[Edward Snowden]]'s top secret documents released in 2013.<ref name="breakin"/> His journalistic work has been published in ''[[Der Spiegel]]'' and elsewhere. Appelbaum is also known for representing [[WikiLeaks]].<ref name="roll2010"/> He has displayed his art in a number of institutions across the world and has collaborated with artists such as [[Laura Poitras]], [[Trevor Paglen]], and [[Ai Weiwei]].<ref name="NYT Dissent" />
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| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160813160106/http://www.zeit.de/kultur/2016-08/jacob-appelbaum-rape-sexual-abuse-allegations/komplettansicht
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}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Boie |first=Johannes |title=Jacob Appelbaum weist Missbrauchsvorwürfe zurück |url=https://www.sueddeutsche.de/digital/jacob-appelbaum-missbrauchsvorwuerfe-erschuettern-berliner-hacker-szene-1.3022341 |access-date=2023-03-18 |website=Süddeutsche.de |date=6 June 2016 |language=de |archive-date=2023-03-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230318223035/https://www.sueddeutsche.de/digital/jacob-appelbaum-missbrauchsvorwuerfe-erschuettern-berliner-hacker-szene-1.3022341 |url-status=live }}</ref>
==Early life and education==
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Appelbaum is also a photographer who has contributed still photographs to film and game projects.<ref name="IMDB projects">{{cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm3335834/?ref_=fn_al_nm_1 |title=Jacob Appelbaum |website=imdb.com |access-date=31 July 2016 |archive-date=13 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221013134953/https://www.imdb.com/name/nm3335834/?ref_=fn_al_nm_1 |url-status=live }}</ref> He exhibited his work in a solo show at NOME in 2016.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nomeproject.com/news/nome-presents-jacob-appelbaums-first-solo-show |access-date=6 June 2016 |title=NOME presents Jacob Appelbaum's first solo show |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160625085031/http://nomeproject.com/news/nome-presents-jacob-appelbaums-first-solo-show |archive-date=25 June 2016 }}</ref>
Appelbaum appeared in [[Laura Poitras]]'s [[Academy Awards|Academy Award]]-winning film ''[[Citizenfour]]'' (2014),<ref name="IMDB Citizenfour">{{cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt4044364/fullcredits?ref_=tt_ov_st_sm |title=Citizenfour (2014) Full Cast & Crew |website=imdb.com |access-date=31 July 2016 |archive-date=13 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221013134952/https://www.imdb.com/title/tt4044364/fullcredits?ref_=tt_ov_st_sm |url-status=live }}</ref> which documents the public emergence of [[National Security Agency|NSA]] whistle-blower [[Edward Snowden]] and the political circumstances leading to his actions. Appelbaum stars in Poitras's portrait of [[WikiLeaks]] founder [[Julian Assange]], [[Risk (2016 film)|''Risk'']] (2016).<ref name="IMDB Risk">{{cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt4964772/?ref_=fn_al_tt_1 |title=Risk (2016) |website=imdb.com |access-date=31 July 2016 |archive-date=8 May 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170508074744/http://www.imdb.com/title/tt4964772/?ref_=fn_al_tt_1 |url-status=live }}</ref> Appelbaum worked with Canadian film-maker [[Jamie Kastner]] for his documentary, "Nobody Wants to Talk About Jacob Appelbaum." The film was screened for buyers in September 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Benzine |first=Adam |date=2023-09-07 |title=Doc 'Nobody Wants to Talk About Jacob Appelbaum' Gets Buyers Screening at Toronto (EXCLUSIVE) |url=https://variety.com/2023/film/news/doc-nobody-wants-to-talk-about-jacob-appelbaum-1235715781/ |access-date=2023-12-02 |website=Variety |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-12-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231202034522/https://variety.com/2023/film/news/doc-nobody-wants-to-talk-about-jacob-appelbaum-1235715781/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
He was an artist in residence for the art group [[monochrom]] at [[Museumsquartier]] in 2006.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://monochrom.at/ |title=Monochrom |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |website=monochrom.at |access-date=April 8, 2017 |archive-date=April 13, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170413002445/http://www.monochrom.at/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
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}}</ref><ref name=":1" /> According to her summary of the investigation, which was not released, "many people inside and outside the Tor Project have reported incidents of being humiliated, intimidated, bullied, and frightened" by Jacob Appelbaum, and that "several experienced unwanted sexually aggressive behavior from him."<ref name=":1" />
In July 2016, ''[[Süddeutsche Zeitung]]'' reported that allegations against Appelbaum had been known in Berlin hacker circles for years. A hacker from [[Berlin]] told the newspaper that "I can feel a huge sense of relief that the silence has at last been broke."<ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=June 6, 2016 |title=Famed Berlin hacker linked to Wikileaks fends off rape claim |url=https://www.thelocal.de/20160606/berlin-hacker-linked-to-wikileaks-fends-off-rape-allegations |website=The Local |access-date=March 18, 2023 |archive-date=March 18, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230318223035/https://www.thelocal.de/20160606/berlin-hacker-linked-to-wikileaks-fends-off-rape-allegations |url-status=live }}</ref> On 11 August 2016, the German weekly ''[[Die Zeit]]'' published a lengthy investigation into the rape charges, including interviews with three people present at the scene of the alleged rape. None of these witnesses corroborated the claims made by the anonymous victim. The article also reports that a second falsely identified victim had demanded that her story be removed from the anonymous website.<ref name="Die Zeit Contradictions-English" /> A change in attitude in the information security community towards calling out known abusers and believing reports of sexual misconduct was partially credited to Appelbaum's precedent.<ref name="Bernstein" />
==Personal life==
Appelbaum is an [[Atheism|atheist]] of [[Jews|Jewish]] background and identifies himself as [[queer]].<ref name="roll2010"/> Politically, he is an [[Anarchism|anarchist]].<ref name="roll2010"/><ref>{{cite web|title=Jacob Appelbaum (Part 1/2) Digital Anti-Repression Workshop - April 26, 2012|website=[[YouTube]]|date=27 April 2012 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=HHoJ9pQ0cn8#at=3323|access-date=28 June 2013|quote=Like, for me, as an atheist, bisexual, Jew, I'm gonna go on, uh - oh and Emma Goldman is one of my great heroes and I really think that anarchism is a fantastic principle by which to fashion a utopian society even if we can't get there.|archive-date=17 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131017175258/https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=HHoJ9pQ0cn8#at=3323|url-status=live}}</ref>
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