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{{Short description|Transcription of languages into Cyrillic script}}
{{cleanup rewrite|date=February 2018}}
[[File:Cyrillic letter Dwe.svg|thumb|The [[Dwe (Cyrillic)|Cyrillic letter Dwe]], a commonly cited example of both Cyrillization and a native language's ability to influence its [[Cultural assimilation|imposed]] writing system]]
'''Cyrillization''' or '''Cyrillisation''' is the process of rendering words of a language that normally uses a writing system other than [[Cyrillic script]] into (a version of) the [[Cyrillic alphabets|Cyrillic alphabet]]. Although such a process has often been carried out in an ad hoc fashion, the term "cyrillization"
Just as with various Romanization schemes, each Cyrillization system has its own set of rules, depending on:
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* the goals of the systems:
** to render occasional foreign words (mostly personal and place names) for use in newspapers or on maps;
** to provide a practical approximate [[phonetic transcription]] in a [[phrase book|phrasebook]] or a [[bilingual dictionary]];
** or to convert a language to a Cyrillic writing system altogether (e.g., [[Dungan language|Dungan]], [[Kazakh alphabet|Kazakh]])
* Linguistic and/or political inclinations of the designers of the system (see, for example, the use—or disuse—of the letter [[Ghe with upturn|Ґ]] for rendering the "G" of foreign words in
When the source language uses a fairly phonetic spelling system (e.g., Spanish, Turkish), a Cyrillization scheme may often be adopted that almost amounts to a [[transliteration]], i.e., using a mapping scheme that simply maps each
* [[Cyrillization of Chinese]]
* [[Cyrillization of English]] - e.g. Cyrillisch
* [[Cyrillization of Esperanto]]
* [[Cyrillization of French]]
* [[Cyrillization of German]]
* [[Cyrillization of Italian]]▼
* [[Cyrillization of Greek]]
▲* [[Cyrillization of Italian]]
* [[Cyrillization of Japanese]] - e.g. [[Polivanov system]]
* [[Cyrillization of Korean]]
* [[Kurdish alphabets|Cyrillization of
* [[Transliterations of Manchu|Cyrillization of
* [[Cyrillization of Polish]]
* [[Cyrillization of
* [[Cyrillization of
* [[Cyrillization of
▲* [[Cyrillization of Romani]]
▲* [[Cyrillization of Malay]]
Similarly, simple schemes are widely used to render
When the source language does not use a particularly phonetic writing system—most notably English and French—its words are typically rendered in Russian, Ukrainian, or other Cyrillic-based languages using an approximate phonetic [[Transcription (linguistics)|transcription]] system, which aims to allow the Cyrillic readers to approximate the sound of the source language as much as it is possible within the constraints of the destination language and its orthography. Among the examples are the ''Practical transcription of English into Russian'' ({{lang-ru|Правила англо-русской практической транскрипции}}), which aims to render English words into Russian based on their sounds, and ''Transliteration of foreign words by a Cyrillic alphabet'' ([[:uk:Транслітерація іншомовних слів кирилицею]]) and ''Cyrillization of the English language'' ([[:uk:Кирилізація англійської мови]]) in the case of Ukrainian. While this scheme is mostly accepted by a majority of Russian and Ukrainian authors and publishers, transcription variants are not uncommon.
A [[transliteration]] system for the [[Bulgarian language|Bulgarian]] Cyrillization of English has been designed by the Bulgarian linguist [[Andrey Danchev]].
Similarly, phonetic schemes are widely adopted for Cyrillization of French, especially considering the fairly large number of French loanwords that have been borrowed into Russian.
==See also==
* [[Cyrillisation in the Soviet Union]]
* [[:bg:Транскрибиране на български език|Транскрибиране на български език]] {{
* [[:ru:Транскрипция (лингвистика)|Транскрипция]] {{
** [[:ru:Англо-русская практическая транскрипция|Rules for practical English-Russian transcription]] {{ru icon}}▼
** [[:ru:
▲** [[:ru:
* [[:uk:Транскрипція (лінгвістика)|Транскрипція]] {{
** [[:uk:Кирилізація англійської мови|Cyrillization of English]] {{
** [[:uk:Транслітерація іншомовних слів кирилицею|Transliteration of English and German words by a Cyrillic alphabet]] {{
* [[:mk:Македонска транскрипција на странските јазици|Македонска транскрипција на странските јазици]] {{
== References ==
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