Content deleted Content added
More Citations Needed |
m Changed tone Tags: Visual edit Mobile edit Mobile web edit |
||
| (34 intermediate revisions by 23 users not shown) | |||
Line 1:
{{Short description|Frequency range}}
{{More citations needed|date=June 2021}}{{MWband▼
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2021}}
{{MWband
| name = IEEE S band
| freq = 2 – 4 [[Hertz|GHz]]
Line 9 ⟶ 12:
}}
The '''S band''' is a designation by the [[Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers]] (IEEE) for a part of the [[microwave]] [[radio band|band]] of the [[electromagnetic spectrum]] covering
==WiFi==
The largest use of this band is by [[WiFi]] networks; the [[IEEE 802.11|IEEE 802.11b]] and [[IEEE 802.11|802.11g]] standards use the 2.4 GHz section of the S band. These are the most widely used computer networks in the world, used globally in [[small office/home office|home and small office networks]] to link [[desktop computer|desktop]] and [[laptop]] computers, [[tablet computer]]s,
==Mobile Services==
Mobile Services are operated in the 2.3 GHz to 2.6 GHz range, specifically between the 2300 - 2400 MHz band and the 2500 - 2690 MHz band. Spectrum in the 3.55 - 3.7 GHz band has been auctioned off in the United States to be used for [[CBRS]] services and spectrum between 3.45 - 3.55 GHz and 3.7 - 3.98 GHz has been auctioned off by the FCC for 5G although this spectrum is referred to as [[C band (IEEE)|C Band]] by the agency.
==Satellite communications==
[[File:MILA 9-meter S-band tracking antenna (KSC-2011-6004).jpg|thumb|S-band tracking antenna at [[Kennedy Space Center]]]]
In the [[United States|U.S.]], the [[Federal Communications Commission|FCC]] approved satellite-based [[Digital Audio Radio Service]] (DARS) [[Radio broadcasting|broadcasting]] in the S band from 2.31 to 2.36 GHz in 1995,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.radioworld.com/misc-1/today-in-radio-history|title= Today in Radio History |website=radioworld.com|access-date=11 April 2020}}</ref> currently used by [[Sirius XM Radio]]. More recently, it has approved portions of the S band between 2.0 and 2.2 GHz for the creation of Mobile Satellite Service (MSS) networks in connection with Ancillary Terrestrial Components (ATC). There have been a number of companies attempting to deploy such networks, including ICO Satellite Management (now [[Pendrell Corporation]]) and [[TerreStar]] (defunct).▼
[[File:S-Band_LNB_Bottom_View.jpg|thumb|S-band LNB with written local oscillator frequency.]]
▲In the
The 2.6 GHz range is used for [[China Multimedia Mobile Broadcasting]], a [[satellite radio]] and [[mobile TV]] standard which, as with
In May 2009, [[Inmarsat]] and [[Solaris Mobile]] (a joint venture between [[Eutelsat Communications|Eutelsat]] and [[SES
▲The 2.6 GHz range is used for [[China Multimedia Mobile Broadcasting]], a [[satellite radio]] and [[mobile TV]] standard which, as with [[Property|proprietary]] systems in the U.S., is [[:wikt:incompatible|incompatible]] with the [[open standard]]s used in the rest of the world.
In
▲In May 2009, [[Inmarsat]] and [[Solaris Mobile]] (a joint venture between [[Eutelsat Communications|Eutelsat]] and [[SES S.A.|SES]], now [[EchoStar Mobile]]) were awarded each a 2×15 MHz portion of the S band by the [[European Commission]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=IP/09/770|title=European Commission - PRESS RELEASES - Press release - European Commission paves the way for European mobile satellite services|website=europa.eu|access-date=1 April 2018}}</ref> The two companies are allowed two years to start providing pan-European MSS services for 18 years. Allocated frequencies are 1.98 to 2.01 GHz for Earth to space communications, and from 2.17 to 2.2 GHz for space to Earth communications.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.erodocdb.dk/docs/doc98/Official/Pdf/6262008EC.pdf|title=Decision No 626/2008/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 June 2008 on the selection and authorisation of systems providing mobile satellite services (MSS)|website=erodocdb.dk|access-date=1 April 2018}}</ref>
[[IndoStar-1]] was the world's first commercial communications satellite to use S-band frequencies for broadcast
▲In some countries, S band is used for [[Direct broadcast satellite|Direct-to-Home satellite]] television (unlike similar services in most countries, which use [[Ku band|K<sub>u</sub> band]]). The frequency typically allocated for this service is 2.5 to 2.7 GHz (LOF 1.570 GHz).
=== Deep space communications ===
▲[[IndoStar-1]] was the world's first commercial communications satellite to use S-band frequencies for broadcast (pioneered by van der Heyden), which efficiently penetrate the atmosphere and provide high-quality transmissions to small-diameter 80 cm antennas in regions that experience heavy rainfall such as Indonesia. Similar performance is not economically feasible with comparable Ku- or C-band DTH satellite systems since more power is required in these bands to penetrate the moist atmosphere.
Many NASA spacecraft (near Earth and interplanetary) can communicate in the S-band, often using the [[Deep Space Network]],
eg.
The [[James Webb Space Telescope]], launched in 2021, utilizes 2 GHz S-band to enable 40 kbps real time telemetry<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jwst-docs.stsci.edu/jwst-observatory-hardware/jwst-spacecraft-bus/jwst-communications-subsystem#:~:text=JWST's%20communications%20subsystem%20is%20the,rate%20telemetry%20downlink%2C%20and%20ranging.|title = JWST Communications Subsystem - JWST User Documentation}}</ref> from near the Sun-Earth-[[L2 point]].
==Other uses==
{{main|Citizens Broadband Radio Service}}
[[Microwave oven]]s operate at 2495 or 2450 MHz in the ISM band [[IEEE 802.16]]a. Some digital cordless telephones operate in this band too.
In
[[Amateur radio]] and [[amateur satellite]] operators have two S-band allocations, [[13-centimeter band|13 cm]] (2.4 GHz) and [[9-centimeter band|9 cm]] (3.4 GHz). [[Amateur television]] repeaters also operate in these bands.
Line 36 ⟶ 49:
Airport surveillance radars typically operate in the 2700–2900 MHz range.
Particle accelerators may be powered by S-band RF sources. The frequencies are then standardized at 2.998 GHz corresponding to a wavelength of 100 mm (Europe) or 2.856 GHz (US).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.jlab.org/conferences/FLS2012/talks/Thur/isu_jlab39_fls2012_57_final.PDF |title=Performance Comparison of S-band, C-band, and X-band RF Linac based XFELs |first=Yujong |last=Kim |date=2012 |website=[[Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility]]}}</ref>
The National [[NEXRAD]] Radar network operates with S-band frequencies. Before implementation of this system, [[C band (IEEE)|C-band]] frequencies were commonly used for weather surveillance.
In the United States, the 3.55 to 3.7 GHz band is becoming shared spectrum under rules adopted by the [[Federal Communications Commission]] in April 2015 as a result of the [[National Broadband Plan (United States)]]. The biggest user of CBRS ([[Citizens Broadband Radio
==Optical communications==
Line 52 ⟶ 63:
* [[List of 2.4 GHz radio use|Electromagnetic interference at 2.4 GHz]]
* [[ISM band]]
* [[Unified S-band]], an S-band communication system used in the [[Apollo program]] of
==References==
Line 58 ⟶ 69:
==External links==
*
*
*
{{Radio spectrum}}
Line 68 ⟶ 79:
{{DEFAULTSORT:S Band}}
[[Category:Microwave bands]]
[[Category:Satellite broadcasting]]
[[Category:Telecommunications equipment]]
| |||