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{{shortShort description|President of Tajikistan (1994–present)}}
{{pp-move-indef}}
{{short description|President of Tajikistan (1994–present)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=MarchJune 20222024}}
{{Redirect|Rahmon|other people with the name|Rahmon (name)}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix = [[His Excellency]]<br />Founder of Peace and National Unity — Leader of the Nation
| name = Emomali Rahmon
| image = Ilham Aliyev held one-on-one meeting with President of Tajikistan Emomali Rahmon in Dushanbe (Rahmon Infobox crop73613).jpg
| caption = Rahmon in 2023
| office = 3rd [[President of Tajikistan]]
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| term_start = 16 November 1994
| term_end =
| predecessor = [[Rahmon Nabiyev]]<br />[[Akbarsho Iskandrov]] <{{small>|(Acting)</small>}}
| successor =
| office1 = Leader of the [[People's Democratic Party of Tajikistan|People's Democratic Party]]
| term_start1 = 1018 DecemberMarch 19941998
| term_end1 =
| predecessor1 = Position[[Abdulmajid establishedDostiev]]
| successor1 =
| office2 = [[List of chairmen of the Supreme Soviet of the Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic#Chairmen of the Supreme Soviet of the Republic of Tajikistan|Chairman]] of the [[Supreme Assembly (Tajikistan)|Supreme Assembly of Tajikistan]]
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| birthname = Emomali Sharipovich Rahmonov
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1952|10|5|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Danghara]], District[[Kulab Region|DangharaKulob Oblast]], [[Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic|Tajik SSR]], Soviet Union<br />({{small|now}} [[Tajikistan]])
| death_date =
| death_place =
| party = [[People's Democratic Party of Tajikistan|People's Democratic Party]] {{small|(1994–present)}}
| spouse = [[Azizmo Asadullayeva]] {{small|(m. 1970s)}}
| children = {{ListCollapsible collapsedlist|title=See list|1={{plain list|
Sons:
* [[Rustam Emomali|Rustam]]
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* Farzona
}}}}
| parents = Sharif RahmonovRakhmonov<br />Mayram Sharifova
| alma_mater = [[Tajik State National University]]
| otherparty = [[Communist Party of Tajikistan|Communist Party]] <br/>{{small|(1990–1994)}}
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| branch = {{Plainlist|
* {{Navy|Soviet Union}}
* [[File:Tajik Armed Forces Shoulder Patch.jpg|23px20px]] [[Armed Forces of the Republic of Tajikistan]]
}}
| rank = [[File:Tajikistan-Army-OF-9-par.png|20px]] [[General of the Army]]
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}}
{{Emomali Rahmon sidebar}}
'''Emomali Sharipovich RahmonovRahmon''' ({{lang-tg|ЭмомалӣЭмомали ШариповичРаҳмон}}; Раҳмонов|script=Latn|italic=no|Emomalīborn '''Emomali Sharipovich Rahmonov}};'''{{efn|Birthname appears variously as '''Emomali Sharipovich Rakhmonov''', Imamali Sharipovich Rakhmanov or Imomali Sharipovich Rakhmonov; all transliteration into English of the Russian forms (Эмомали Шарипович Рахмонов and Имамали Шарипович Рахманов) of his Tajik name. {{lang-tg|notelistЭмомалӣ Шарипович Раҳмонов|script=Latn|italic=no|Emomalí Šaripovič Rahmonov}}; {{IPA-fa|emɔmæˈliːe̞mɔ̝mäˈli ʃærīpɔβɪtʃʃäˈɾipɔ̝vitʃ ɾæhˈmɔːnɔβɾähˈmɔ̝nɔ̝w|}}; {{lang-ru|Эмомали́<!--not Эмомали́--> Шари́пович Рахмо́нов|script=Latn|italic=yes|Emomalí Sharípovich Rahmónov}}<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://news.tj/ru/newspaper/article/emomali-rakhmon-vekhi-politicheskoi-biografii|title=Эмомали Рахмон: вехи политической биографии|date=5 October 2016|website=Asia-Plus|publisher=Asia-Plus News Agency|access-date=20 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160624005254/http://news.tj/ru/newspaper/article/emomali-rakhmon-vekhi-politicheskoi-biografii|archive-date=24 June 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>}}, born 5 October 1952) is a Tajik politician who has been serving as the 3rd [[President of Tajikistan]] since 16 November 1994. Previously he was the Chairman of the [[Supreme Assembly (Tajikistan)|Supreme Assembly of Tajikistan]], as the [[de facto]] [[head of state]] from 20 November 1992 to 16 November 1994 (the post of president was temporarily abolished during this period). Since 18 March 1998, he has also served as the leader of the left-wing [[People's Democratic Party of Tajikistan]], which dominates the [[Parliament of Tajikistan]]. On 30 September 1999, he was elected vice-president of the [[United Nations General Assembly|UN General Assembly]] for a one-year term.
 
He became widely known in 1992 after the abolition of the post of president in the country, when at the dawn of the [[Tajikistani Civil War|civil war (1992–1997)]] he became Chairman of the Supreme Soviet (Parliament) of Tajikistan as a compromise candidate between communists and [[Neocommunists|neo-communists]] on the one hand and liberal-democratic, nationalist and [[Islamist]] forces (the [[United Tajik Opposition]]) on the other.
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Five times (in the elections of [[1994 Tajik presidential election|1994]], [[1999 Tajik presidential election|1999]], [[2006 Tajik presidential election|2006]], [[2013 Tajik presidential election|2013]] and [[2020 Tajik presidential election|2020]]), Rahmon won undemocratic presidential elections; in addition, he extended and reformed his powers based on the results of the national constitutional referendums of [[1999 Tajik constitutional referendum|1999]] and [[2003 Tajik constitutional referendum|2003]]. Since 25 December 2015, Emomali Rahmon has held the lifetime title of ''Peshvoyi Millat'' ({{lang-tg|Пешвои Миллат|script=Latn|italic=no}}), which means “Leader of the Nation”, in full — “Founder of peace and national Unity — Leader of the Nation”. Following the results of the last national constitutional referendum in [[2016 Tajik constitutional referendum|2016]], amendments were adopted that lifted the restrictions on the number of re-elections to the post of President of Tajikistan and lowered the age limit for those running for the post of president from 35 to 30 years.
 
Rahmon heads an [[Authoritarianism|authoritarian]] regime in Tajikistan with elements of a [[cult of personality]]. Political opponents are repressed, violations of human rights and freedoms are severe, elections are not free and fair, and [[corruption]] and [[nepotism]] are rampant.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|author-link=|title=Tajikistan's eternal ruler Emomali Rakhmon {{!}} DW {{!}} 12.10.2020|url=https://www.dw.com/en/tajikistans-eternal-ruler-emomali-rakhmon/a-55234401|url-status=live|access-date=2021-07-05|website=DW.COM|publisher=[[Deutsche Welle]]|language=en-GB|archive-date=6 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210706140240/https://www.dw.com/en/tajikistans-eternal-ruler-emomali-rakhmon/a-55234401}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=15 January 2019|title=World Report 2019: Rights Trends in Tajikistan|language=en|work=[[Human Rights Watch]]|url=https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2019/country-chapters/tajikistan|access-date=13 May 2020|archive-date=24 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190224074509/https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2019/country-chapters/tajikistan|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The world's enduring dictators: Emomali Rahmon, Tajikistan|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/the-worlds-enduring-dictators-emomali-rahmon-tajikistan/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-07-05|website=www.cbsnews.com|date=19 June 2011 |publisher=[[CBS News]]|language=en-US|archive-date=9 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709190542/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/the-worlds-enduring-dictators-emomali-rahmon-tajikistan/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Tajikistan: Nations in Transit 2020 Country Report|url=https://freedomhouse.org/country/tajikistan/nations-transit/2020|url-status=live|access-date=2021-07-05|website=[[Freedom House]]|language=en|archive-date=11 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210711013352/https://freedomhouse.org/country/tajikistan/nations-transit/2020}}</ref> Various important government positions are occupied by his family members, such as his 3536-year-old son [[Rustam Emomali]], who is the chairman of the country's parliament and the mayor of its capital city, [[Dushanbe]].<ref>{{Cite webnews|title=Nepotism And Dynasty In Central Asian Politics|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/nepotism-dynasty-central-asian-politics-roundtable/27538834.html|url-status=live|access-date=2021-07-11|website=[[RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty]]|date=23 August 2016 |language=en|archive-date=11 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210711142111/https://www.rferl.org/a/nepotism-dynasty-central-asian-politics-roundtable/27538834.html |last1=Pannier |first1=Bruce }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Benevento|first=Chris|title=Tajikistan: President's Daughter Gets Plum Ministry Job|url=https://www.occrp.org/en/daily/5850-tajikistan-president-s-daughter-gets-plum-ministry-job|url-status=live|access-date=2021-07-11|website=www.occrp.org|publisher=[[Organized Crime and Corruption Reporting Project]]|language=en-GB|archive-date=11 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210711142058/https://www.occrp.org/en/daily/5850-tajikistan-president-s-daughter-gets-plum-ministry-job}}</ref><ref>{{Cite webnews|title=The Happiest Member Of The Rahmon Family|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/qishloq-ovozi-happy-tajik-family/29032252.html|url-status=live|access-date=2021-07-11|website=[[RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty]]|date=10 February 2018 |language=en|archive-date=7 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210507110952/https://www.rferl.org/a/qishloq-ovozi-happy-tajik-family/29032252.html |last1=Pannier |first1=Bruce }}</ref>
 
==Early life==
Rahmon was born as Emomali Sharipovich Rakhmonov{{efn|{{lang-ru|Эмомали́<!--not Эмомали́--> Шари́пович Рахмо́нов|script=Latn|italic=yes|Emomalí Sharípovich Rahmónov}}<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://news.tj/ru/newspaper/article/emomali-rakhmon-vekhi-politicheskoi-biografii|title=Эмомали Рахмон: вехи политической биографии|date=5 October 2016|website=Asia-Plus|publisher=Asia-Plus News Agency|access-date=20 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160624005254/http://news.tj/ru/newspaper/article/emomali-rakhmon-vekhi-politicheskoi-biografii|archive-date=24 June 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>}} to Sharif Rahmonov ({{Circa|1912}}–1992)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://akhbor-rus.com/-p2751-122.htm|title=Эмомали Рахмон о своем отце|publisher=Akhbor.com|accessdate=1 November 2019|archive-date=1 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191101174220/http://akhbor-rus.com/-p2751-122.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> and Mayram Sharifova (1910–2004),<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ria.ru/20041123/741296.html|title=Скончалась мать президента Таджикистана Рахмонова|date=23 November 2004|publisher=[[РИА Новости]]|accessdate=1 November 2019|language=ru|archive-date=1 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191101174219/https://ria.ru/20041123/741296.html|url-status=live}}</ref> a peasant family in [[Danghara District|Danghara]],<ref name="Тарҷумаи Ҳоли Эмомалии Раҳмон">{{cite web|url=http://www.president.tj/taxonomy/term/5/139|title=Тарҷумаи Ҳоли Эмомалии Раҳмон|publisher=Government of Tajikistan|access-date=28 November 2014|archive-date=15 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141215075022/http://www.president.tj/taxonomy/term/5/139|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Kulab Region|Kulob Oblast]] (present-day [[Khatlon Region]]). His father was a [[Red Army]] veteran of [[World War II]], being a recipient of the [[Order of Glory]] in the 2nd and 3rd degrees.<ref name="Био">{{cite news|title=РАХМОН Эмомали Шарифович|publisher=ЦентрАзия|url=https://centrasia.org/person2.php?&st=1013881157|language=ru|access-date=28 March 2021|archive-date=22 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180822045933/https://centrasia.org/person2.php?&st=1013881157|url-status=live}}</ref> From 1971-741971–74, Rahmon served in the [[Soviet Union]]'s [[Pacific Fleet (Russia)|Pacific Fleet]], during which he was stationed in the [[Primorsky Krai]]. After completing military service, Rahmon returned to his native village where he worked for some time as an electrician.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.prezident.tj/ru/taxonomy/term/5/140|title=Эмомали Рахмон|website=Сайт Президента Республики Таджикистан|access-date=20 May 2016|archive-date=27 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160527084433/http://www.prezident.tj/ru/taxonomy/term/5/140|url-status=live}}</ref>
 
As a rising [[apparatchik]] in Tajikistan, he became a chairman of the collective state farm of his native [[Danghara District|Danghara]]. According to his official biography, Rahmon graduated from the [[Tajik National University|Tajik State National University]] with a specialist's degree in economics in 1982. After working for several years in the Danghara [[Sovkhoz]], Rahmon was appointed chairman of the sovkhoz in 1987.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.president.tj/taxonomy/term/5/139|title=ЭМОМАЛӢ РАҲМОН [Official Biography]|website=Official Website of the President of Tajikistan|access-date=20 May 2016|archive-date=16 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160416161510/http://www.president.tj/taxonomy/term/5/139|url-status=live}}</ref>
 
==Early politics==
In 1990, Rahmon was elected a people's deputy to the [[Supreme Soviet]] of the [[Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic|Tajik SSR]].<ref name="Emomali Rahmon">{{cite web|url=http://www.president.tj/en/taxonomy/term/5/33|title=Emomali Rahmon|work=Official Website of the President of the Republic of Tajikistan|access-date=4 September 2016|archive-date=21 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161021053149/http://president.tj/en/taxonomy/term/5/33|url-status=live}}</ref> President [[Rahmon Nabiyev]] was forced to resign in the first months of the [[Tajikistani Civil War|Civil War]] in August 1992. [[Akbarsho Iskandrov]], Speaker of the Supreme Soviet, became acting president. Iskandarov resigned in November 1992 in an attempt to end the [[civil unrest]]. That same month, the Supreme Soviet met in [[Khujand]] for its 16th session and declared Tajikistan a parliamentary republic. Rahmon was then elected by the members of the Supreme Soviet as its chairman—as the Parliamentary republican system adopted by Tajikistan did not provide for a ceremonial president, he was also Head of State—and the head of government.<ref name="Emomali Rahmon"/> Former Interior Minister [[Yaqub Salimov]] later recalled that Rahmon's appointment was made because he was "nondescript", in which other field commanders thought that he could be cast aside "when he had served his purpose."<ref>{{Cite webnews|title=Tajikistan: Former Interior Minister In Dushanbe To Face Trial For Treason|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/1051835.html|access-date=2020-10-17|websitenewspaper=RadioFreeEuropeRadio Free Europe/RadioLibertyRadio Liberty|date=8 April 2008 |language=en|archive-date=17 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201017103449/https://www.rferl.org/a/1051835.html|url-status=live |last1=Pannier |first1=Bruce }}</ref><ref>{{Cite webnews|title=Emomali Rahmon: The Accidental Leader Who Has Stayed In Power For Decades|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/emomali-rahmon-the-accidental-leader-who-has-stayed-in-power-for-decades/30890337.html|access-date=2020-10-17|websitenewspaper=RadioFreeEuropeRadio Free Europe/RadioLibertyRadio Liberty|date=13 October 2020 |language=en|archive-date=17 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201017042251/https://www.rferl.org/a/emomali-rahmon-the-accidental-leader-who-has-stayed-in-power-for-decades/30890337.html|url-status=live |last1=Pannier |first1=Bruce }}</ref>
 
== Presidency ==
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[[File:Tajik president Emomali Rahmon meets Ali Khamenei - 18 January 2006 (002).jpg|left|thumb|222x222px|Tajik president meets with Iran's supreme leader [[Ali Khamenei]] and Iran's president [[Mahmoud Ahmadinejad]] in January 2006]]
Following constitutional changes, he was reelected on 6 November 1999 to a seven-year term, officially taking 97% of the vote. On 22 June 2003, he won a referendum that would allow him to run for two more consecutive seven-year terms after his term expired in 2006. The opposition alleges that this amendment was hidden in a way that verged upon [[electoral fraud]]. Rahmon was reelected to a seven-year term in a [[2006 Tajik presidential election|controversial election]] on 6 November 2006, with about 79% of the vote, according to the official results. On 6 November 2013, he was reelected for the second seven-year term in office, with about 84% of the vote, in an [[2013 Tajikistani presidential election|election]] that the [[Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe]] said lacked "genuine choice and meaningful pluralism".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.osce.org/odihr/110986?download=true|title=Republic of Tajikistan, Presidential Election 6 November 2013: OSCE/ODIHR Election Observation Mission Final Report|date=5 February 2014|publisher=OSCE/ODIHR|access-date=20 May 2016|archive-date=5 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160605163749/http://www.osce.org/odihr/110986?download=true|url-status=live}}</ref> In October 2020, he was once again [[2020 Tajik presidential election|re-elected]] as president for a fifth term with a margin of 90.92%,<ref>{{cite web|last1=Putz|first1=Catherine|title=Tajikistan's Presidential Election Yields Expected Results|url=https://thediplomat.com/2020/10/tajikistans-presidential-election-yields-expected-results/|url-status=live|access-date=30 January 2021|website=thediplomat.com|publisher=[[The Diplomat]]|archive-date=26 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126062101/https://thediplomat.com/2020/10/tajikistans-presidential-election-yields-expected-results/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Abdulkerimov|first1=Bahtiyar|title=Tajikistan's president sworn in for 5th term|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/asia-pacific/tajikistans-president-sworn-in-for-5th-term/2025251|url-status=live|access-date=30 January 2021|website=aa.com.tr|publisher=[[Anadolu Agency]]|archive-date=19 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210119220020/https://www.aa.com.tr/en/asia-pacific/tajikistans-president-sworn-in-for-5th-term/2025251}}</ref> amid allegations of fraud.<ref>{{cite web|title=Amid Fraud Allegations, Results Give Tajikistan's Rahmon Fifth Presidential Term|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/tajikistan-rahmon-extend-authoritarian-rule-ceremonial-election/30887682.html|url-status=live|access-date=30 January 2021|website=rferl.org|publisher=[[Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty]]|archive-date=26 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126085812/https://www.rferl.org/a/tajikistan-rahmon-extend-authoritarian-rule-ceremonial-election/30887682.html}}</ref>
[[File:SCO meeting (2022-09-16).jpg|thumb|250px|Rahmon at the [[2022 SCO summit|2022]] [[Shanghai Cooperation Organisation]] summit in [[Samarkand]]]]
On 22 May 2016, a [[2016 Tajik constitutional referendum|nationwide referendum]] approved a number of changes to the country's [[Constitution of Tajikistan|constitution]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rferl.org/content/tajikistan-referenmdum-approved-rahmon-increasing-power/27751364.html|title=Tajikistan Approves Constitutional Changes Tightening Rahmon's Grip On Power|date=23 May 2016|website=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty|publisher=RFE/RL|access-date=26 May 2016|archive-date=26 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160526115353/http://www.rferl.org/content/tajikistan-referenmdum-approved-rahmon-increasing-power/27751364.html|url-status=live}}</ref> One of the main changes lifted the limit on presidential terms, effectively allowing Rahmon to stay in power for as many terms as he wishes.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rferl.org/content/qishloq-ovozi-tajikistan-referendum-rahmon/27747496.html|title=Why Does Tajikistan Need A Referendum?|date=20 May 2016|website=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty|publisher=RFE/RL|access-date=20 May 2016|archive-date=21 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160521144111/http://www.rferl.org/content/qishloq-ovozi-tajikistan-referendum-rahmon/27747496.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Other key changes outlawed faith-based political parties, thus finalizing the removal of the outlawed [[Islamic Revival Party of Tajikistan|Islamic Revival Party]] from Tajikistan's politics, and reduced the minimum eligibility age for presidential candidates from 35 to 30, enabling Rahmon's older son, [[Rustam Emomali]], to run for president any time after 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://af.reuters.com/article/worldNews/idAFKCN0VJ0IU?sp=true|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160616193033/http://af.reuters.com/article/worldNews/idAFKCN0VJ0IU?sp=true|url-status=dead|archive-date=June 16, 2016|title=Tajiks to vote in 'president-for-life' referendum|date=10 February 2016|publisher=Reuters|access-date=20 May 2016}}</ref> In January 2017, Rustam Emomali was appointed Mayor of Dushanbe, a key position, which some analysts see as the next step to the top of the government.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://thepoliticon.net/analytics/275-tajikistan-regime-eternalization-completed.html|title=Tajikistan: regime eternalization completed?|date=26 January 2017|website=The Politicon|publisher=The Politicon|access-date=26 January 2017|archive-date=8 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171108093820/http://thepoliticon.net/analytics/275-tajikistan-regime-eternalization-completed.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
 
Tajikistan under Rahmon is a [[Neopatrimonialism|neopatrimonial]] regime, characterized by a high degree of [[clientelism]], [[corruption in Tajikistan|corruption]], and poor governance.<ref>Filippo Menga, "Public Construction and Nation-Building in Tajikistan" in ''Nation-Building and Identity in the Post-Soviet Space: New Tools and Approaches'' (eds. Rico Isaacs & Abel Polesem: Taylor & Francis: 2016), p. 197.</ref><ref>Anna Kreikemeyer, "National Sovereignty and Eurasian Regionalism: Defensive Answers on Transnational Threats in Central Asia" in ''European Peace and Security Policy: Transnational Risks of Violence'' (Nomos Bloomsbury: 2015), p. 174.</ref> In a diplomatic cable that was leaked in 2010, the U.S. ambassador in Tajikistan, reported that Rahmon and his family control the country's major businesses, including the largest bank.<ref>Luke Harding: [http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/dec/12/wikileaks-bleak-picture-tajikistan WikiLeaks cables paint bleak picture of Tajikistan, central Asia’s poorest state] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110725121748/http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/dec/12/wikileaks-bleak-picture-tajikistan |date=25 July 2011 }}, ''[[The Guardian]]'', 12 Dec 2010.</ref> In November 2018, Rahmon launched a hydroelectric station to solve energy problems.<ref>{{Cite webnews|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/tajikistan-to-launch-giant-power-plant-to-tackle-energy-problems/29604156.html|title=Tajikistan Launches Giant Power Plant To Tackle Energy Problems|websitenewspaper=RadioFreeEuropeRadio Free Europe/RadioLibertyRadio Liberty|date=16 November 2018 |language=en|access-date=2018-12-04|archive-date=4 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181204102219/https://www.rferl.org/a/tajikistan-to-launch-giant-power-plant-to-tackle-energy-problems/29604156.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
 
===Role in War on Terror===
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=== Religion and convictions ===
[[File:Ceremony of presenting awards was held (Azerbaijan-Tajikistan) 4.jpg|left|thumb|213x213px|Rahmon with Azerbaijani President [[Ilham Aliyev]] in [[Baku]], December 2012]]
[[File:Secretary Kerry Shakes Hands With Tajikistan President Rahmon at the Palace of Nations in Dushanbe, Tajikistan (22744838565).jpg|thumb|U.S. Secretary of State [[John Kerry]] with Rahmon in 2015]]
[[File:Emomali Rahmon in Minsk.jpg|thumb|214x214px|Tajik President Emomali Rahmon speaking at the 2017 [[Collective Security Treaty Organization|CSTO]] summit in Minsk, Belarus. ]]
[[File:Эмомали Рахмон и Владимир Путин 01 (16-05-2022).jpg|thumb|Rahmon with Russian President Vladimir Putin in Moscow, Russia, May 2022]]
Rahmon is a [[Sunni Islam|Sunni Muslim]] and has frequently stressed his Muslim background even though his administration is engaged in a relentless campaign against public displays of Islamic devotion.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thediplomat.com/2015/04/tajikistan-no-hajj-no-hijab-and-shave-your-beard/|title=Tajikistan: No Hajj, No Hijab, and Shave Your Beard|last=Putz|first=Catherine|date=17 April 2015|website=The Diplomat|access-date=20 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191021054613/https://thediplomat.com/2015/04/tajikistan-no-hajj-no-hijab-and-shave-your-beard/|archive-date=21 October 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> His suppression of Islamic expression includes banning beards, attendance at [[mosque]] for women and children under 18, [[hajj]] for people under 40, studying in Islamic schools outside Tajikistan, the production, import or export of Islamic books without permission (implemented in 2017), using loudspeakers to broadcast the [[adhan]], [[hijab|veils]], [[Madrasa|madrassas]], Islamist political parties and [[Arabic]]-sounding names (implemented in 2016). Furthermore, mosques are heavily regulated, providing unofficial Islamic teaching can lead to up to 12 years of imprisonment, and an arduous process is required to obtain a permit to establish an Islamic organisation, publish an Islamic book, or go on pilgrimage to Mecca.<ref>{{cite news|title=Tajikistan's crackdown on observant Muslims intensifies|url=https://www.economist.com/news/asia/21729451-beards-veils-madrassas-and-arabic-sounding-names-are-all-banned-tajikistans-crackdown-observant|access-date=24 September 2017|newspaper=[[The Economist]]|date=21 September 2017|archive-date=24 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170924182614/https://www.economist.com/news/asia/21729451-beards-veils-madrassas-and-arabic-sounding-names-are-all-banned-tajikistans-crackdown-observant|url-status=live}}</ref> In January 2016, Rahmon performed an [[Umrah]] with a number of his children and senior members of his government. That was Rahmon's fourth pilgrimage to Mecca.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.eurasianet.org/node/76686|title=Tajikistan's Islam-Averse Leader Goes to Mecca|date=5 January 2016|website=EurasiaNet.org|access-date=20 May 2016|archive-date=29 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160629230948/http://www.eurasianet.org/node/76686|url-status=live}}</ref>
 
His reply to critics of the election standards of the 2006 Tajikistani presidential elections was: {{cquote|"In Tajikistan, more than 99 percent of those residing here are Muslim. We have a completely different culture. You have to take that into account".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/11/07/AR2006110700120.html |title=Tajik President Wins Re-Election |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=7 November 2006 |access-date=6 March 2015 |archive-date=2 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402171152/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/11/07/AR2006110700120.html |url-status=live }}</ref>}}
[[File:Мацква.ру, репортаж с Парада Победы 2023 на Красной площади, фото 21.jpg|thumb|Rahmon, [[Shavkat Mirziyoyev|Mirziyoyev]], Putin and other post-Soviet leaders at the [[2023 Moscow Victory Day Parade]]]]
 
During a 2010 [[Organisation of Islamic Cooperation]] session in [[Dushanbe]], Rahmon spoke against what he called the misuse of Islam for political ends, claiming that "Terrorism, terrorists, have no nation, no country, no religion... Using the name 'Islamic terrorism' only discredits Islam and dishonors the pure and harmless religion of Islam."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rferl.org/content/Top_Islamic_Body_Holds_Foreign_Minister_Meeting_In_Dushanbe/2045729.html |title=Top Islamic Body Holds Foreign Minister Meeting In Dushanbe |publisher=Rferl.org |date=18 May 2010 |access-date=2 June 2014 |archive-date=21 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160921012914/http://www.rferl.org/content/Top_Islamic_Body_Holds_Foreign_Minister_Meeting_In_Dushanbe/2045729.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
 
Membership in [[Hizb ut-Tahrir]], a militant Islamic party that aims to overthrow secular governments and unify TajiksMuslims under one Islamic state, is illegal and members are subject to arrest and imprisonment.<ref>{{cite news | title =Hizb ut Tahrir | newspaper =BBC News | publisher =BBC | date =27 August 2003 | url =http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/newsnight/3182271.stm | access-date =12 September 2013 | archive-date =28 August 2013 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20130828150541/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/newsnight/3182271.stm | url-status =live }}</ref>
 
The [[Islamic Renaissance Party of Tajikistan]] (IRP) is a banned [[Islamism|Islamist]] political party and has been designated a [[terrorist organization]] since 2015.<ref>{{cite news|first=Casey|last=Michel|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2015/11/trouble-tajikistan-151104085616528.html|title=Trouble in Tajikistan: Analysts say the banning of a moderate Islamist party could unravel the country's post-civil war order|newspaper=Al Jazeera|date=5 November 2015|access-date=23 February 2017|archive-date=13 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170213024031/http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2015/11/trouble-tajikistan-151104085616528.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jun/02/tajikistan-human-rights-fears-banned-irpt-party-leaders-jailed-life|title=Tajikistan human rights fears as banned party's ex-leaders jailed for life|work=The Guardian|agency=Reuters|date=2 June 2016|access-date=23 February 2017|archive-date=24 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170224054606/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jun/02/tajikistan-human-rights-fears-banned-irpt-party-leaders-jailed-life|url-status=live}}</ref>
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==Personal life==
===Family===
[[File:Emomali Rahmon with family.jpg|left|thumb|233x233px|Emomali Rahmon with wife, Azizmo Asadullayeva, andhis family in 2011]]
He is married to [[Azizmo Asadullayeva]] and has sevennine daughters and two sonschildren.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://modern.az/articles/35043/1/ |title=Qəhrəman ana - Tacikistanın birinci ledisi - FOTOLAR |publisher=Modern.az |date=25 February 2013 |access-date=2 June 2014 |archive-date=16 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220216030727/https://modern.az/articles/35043/1/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Two of his children, [[Rustam Emomali]] and [[Ozoda Rahmon]], are senior officials in his administration,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://thediplomat.com/2020/04/tajik-presidents-son-officially-second-in-line-to-presidency|title=Tajik President's Son Officially Second-in-Line to Presidency|publisher=The Diplomat|date=20 April 2020|access-date=29 September 2020|archive-date=17 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200917185250/https://thediplomat.com/2020/04/tajik-presidents-son-officially-second-in-line-to-presidency/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.asiaplustj.info/en/news/tajikistan/power/20180103/ozoda-rahmon-who-heads-presidents-executive-office-turns-40-today |title=Ozoda Rahmon, who heads President's Executive Office, turns 40 today |publisher=Asia-Plus |date=3 January 2018 |access-date=29 September 2020 |archive-date=11 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210711082135/https://www.asiaplustj.info/en/news/tajikistan/power/20180103/ozoda-rahmon-who-heads-presidents-executive-office-turns-40-today |url-status=live }}</ref> while another, Zarina Rahmon, was appointed deputy head of [[Orienbank]] in January 2017.<ref>{{cite webnews |title=Daughter Of Tajik President Named Deputy Head Of Major Bank |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/tajikista-rahmon-daughter-zarina-bank/28624368.html |websitenewspaper=rferl.orgRadio Free Europe/Radio Liberty |date=18 July 2017 |publisher=Radio Free Europe/RadioLiberty |access-date=26 January 2021 |archive-date=31 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731215746/https://www.rferl.org/a/tajikista-rahmon-daughter-zarina-bank/28624368.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Putz |first1=Catherine |title=Hired: Tajik President's Daughter Lands Deputy Post at a Major Bank |url=https://thediplomat.com/2017/07/hired-tajik-presidents-daughter-lands-deputy-post-at-a-major-bank/ |website=thediplomat.com |publisher=The Diplomat |access-date=25 January 2021 |archive-date=30 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210130131645/https://thediplomat.com/2017/07/hired-tajik-presidents-daughter-lands-deputy-post-at-a-major-bank/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Rustam is widely believed to be prepared by his father's to succeed him as leader of Tajikistansuccessor.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Abdurasulov |first1=Abdujalil |title=How Tajikistan's President Emomali Rakhmon consolidated his power |work=BBC News |date=14 May 2016 |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-35616792 |access-date=20 January 2021 |archive-date=7 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210307235140/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-35616792 |url-status=live }}</ref>
 
In the summer of 2021, [[COVID-19 pandemic in Tajikistan|coronavirus ravaged the country]], and Emomali Rahmon's sister reportedly died in a hospital of [[COVID-19]] on 20 July.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://president.uz/ru/lists/view/4503|title=Соболезнования Президенту Таджикистана|access-date=31 July 2021|archive-date=31 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210731024641/https://president.uz/ru/lists/view/4503|url-status=live}}</ref> According to local media, her sons physically assaulted the national [[Ministry of Health (Tajikistan)|health minister]] and a senior doctor.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Dixon|first=Robyn|author-link=Robyn Dixon (journalist)|date=2021-07-27|title=After the Tajik president's sister died of covid, her sons beat up the country's top health officials|language=en|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|location=Moscow|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/tajik-covid-president-nephews-assault-doctors/2021/07/27/660efdaa-eebb-11eb-ab6f-b41a066381df_story.html|url-access=limited|access-date=2022-02-10|issn=0190-8286|archive-date=28 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210728120859/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/tajik-covid-president-nephews-assault-doctors/2021/07/27/660efdaa-eebb-11eb-ab6f-b41a066381df_story.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
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==Honours and awards==
 
* [[File:Vladimir Putin and Emomali Rahmon (2017-02-27) 1.jpg|thumb|235x235px|Russian President Vladimir Putin awarding Rahmon the Order of Alexander Nevsky in February 2017]]Honorary Doctorate of Leadership by the [[Limkokwing University of Creative Technology]] (LUCT)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bernama.com.my/bernama/v7/ge/newsgeneral.php?id=1048975 |title=Rahmon Receives Honorary Doctorate Of Leadership From LimKokWing University |publisher=Bernama |date=24 June 2014 |access-date=25 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140913092807/http://www.bernama.com.my/bernama/v7/ge/newsgeneral.php?id=1048975 |archive-date=13 September 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
 
* Honorary Doctorate of Leadership by the [[Limkokwing University of Creative Technology]] (LUCT)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bernama.com.my/bernama/v7/ge/newsgeneral.php?id=1048975 |title=Rahmon Receives Honorary Doctorate Of Leadership From LimKokWing University |publisher=Bernama |date=24 June 2014 |access-date=25 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140913092807/http://www.bernama.com.my/bernama/v7/ge/newsgeneral.php?id=1048975 |archive-date=13 September 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* {{flagicon|Tajikistan}} [[Hero of Tajikistan]]
* {{flagicon|Kuwait}} [[Order of Mubarak the Great]]
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* {{flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Order of Merit (Ukraine)|Order of Merit of Ukraine]] (2011)
* {{flagicon|Azerbaijan}} [[Heydar Aliyev Order]] (2012)
* {{flagicon|Turkmenistan}} [[Order of the President of Turkmenistan]] (2012)
* {{flagicon|Serbia}} [[Order of the Republic of Serbia]] (2013)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.news.tj/en/news/president-rahmon-awarded-order-republic-serbia|title=President Rahmon awarded the Order of the Republic of Serbia|publisher=Asia-Plus|date=26 February 2013|access-date=4 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160916145011/http://www.news.tj/en/news/president-rahmon-awarded-order-republic-serbia|archive-date=16 September 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|Russia}} [[Order of Alexander Nevsky]] (2017)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://vestnikkavkaza.net/news/Tajik-President-awarded-Order-of-Alexander-Nevsky.html|title=Tajik President awarded Order of Alexander Nevsky {{!}} Vestnik Kavkaza|website=vestnikkavkaza.net|language=en|access-date=2017-03-04|archive-date=24 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190924225953/http://vestnikkavkaza.net/news/Tajik-President-awarded-Order-of-Alexander-Nevsky.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|Kazakhstan}} [[Order of Parasat]] (2018)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://m.akipress.com/news%3A603555/%26|title=AKIpress News Agency|website=m.akipress.com|access-date=16 April 2018|archive-date=9 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210309021540/https://m.akipress.com/news:603555/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Mark of Honour of Heads of State in Central Asia]] (2021)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://president.tj/en/node/26325|title=Emomali Rahmon Awarded the Mark of Honour of the Heads of Central Asian States &#124; Президенти Тоҷикистон - President of Tajikistan - Президент Таджикистана - رئيس جمهورية تاجيكستان|access-date=11 August 2021|archive-date=11 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210811115804/http://president.tj/en/node/26325|url-status=live}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|Russia}} [[Order "For Merit to the Fatherland"]] (2022)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://report.az/ru/amp/v-regione/mid-kyrgyzstana-vyzval-posla-tadzhikistana-v-bishkeke/ | title=МИД Кыргызстана вызвал посла Таджикистана в Бишкеке &#124; Report.az | access-date=8 October 2022 | archive-date=8 October 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221008153748/https://report.az/ru/amp/v-regione/mid-kyrgyzstana-vyzval-posla-tadzhikistana-v-bishkeke/ | url-status=live }}</ref>
* Honorary Doctorate in arts by [[Cairo University]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://cu.edu.eg/ar/Cairo-University-News-14062.html |title=president of the republic of tajikistan Receives Honorary Doctorate in arts From Cairo University |publisher=Cairo University|date=12 March 2022 |access-date=1 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220313003215/https://cu.edu.eg/ar/Cairo-University-News-14062.html |archive-date=13 March 2022}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|Kazakhstan}} [[Order of the Golden Eagle]] (2023)<ref>{{Cite web|langlanguage=ru|url=https://www.akorda.kz/ru/glava-gosudarstva-kasym-zhomart-tokaev-nagradil-prezidenta-tadzhikistana-emomali-rahmona-ordenom-altyn-kyran445646#:~:text=4%20%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%8F%202023%20%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0,%E2%80%93%20%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%20%C2%AB%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BD%20%D2%9A%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%C2%BB.|title=Глава государства Касым-Жомарт Токаев наградил Президента Таджикистана Эмомали Рахмона орденом «"Алтын Қыран»"|website=www.akorda.kz|date=2023-05-04|access-date=}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|China}} [[Friendship Medal (China)|Friendship Medal]] (2024)
 
==Notes==
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==External links==
{{Commons|Emomali Rahmon}}
{{wikiquote}}
*{{Official website|http://www.president.tj/}}
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BikE36EYunI/ NOSKADU]
 
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[[Category:Tajikistani Sunni Muslims]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise, 1st class]]
[[Category:Tajik politicians]]
[[Category:21st-century Tajikistani politicians]]
[[Category:20th-century Tajikistani politicians]]
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[[Category:20th-century presidents in Asia]]
[[Category:People of the Tajikistani Civil War]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of Merit (Ukraine), 1st class]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order "For Merit to the Fatherland", 3rd class]]