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Line 27: \| birthname = Emomali Sharipovich Rahmonov \| birth_date = {{birth date and age\|1952\|10\|5\|df=y}} \| birth_place = [[Danghara]], ~~District~~[[Kulab Region\|~~Danghara~~Kulob Oblast]], [[Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic\|Tajik SSR]], Soviet Union<br />({{small\|now}} [[Tajikistan]]) \| death_date = \| death_place = Line 45: * Farzona }}}} \| parents = Sharif ~~Rahmonov~~Rakhmonov<br />Mayram Sharifova \| alma_mater = [[Tajik State National University]] \| otherparty = [[Communist Party of Tajikistan\|Communist Party]] <br/>{{small\|(1990–1994)}} Line 65: }} {{Emomali Rahmon sidebar}} '''Emomali Rahmon''' ({{lang-tg\|Эмомали Раҳмон~~}}, {{IPA-fa\|e̞mɔ̝mäˈli ɾähˈmɔ̝̃n\|~~}}; born '''Emomali Sharipovich Rahmonov'''~~, {{lang-tg\|Эмомалӣ Шарипович Раҳмонов\|script=Latn\|italic=no\|Emomalí Šaripovič Rahmonov}};~~{{efn\|Birthname appears variously as '''Emomali Sharipovich Rakhmonov''', Imamali Sharipovich Rakhmanov or Imomali Sharipovich Rakhmonov; all transliteration into English of the Russian forms (Эмомали Шарипович Рахмонов and Имамали Шарипович Рахманов) of his Tajik name. {{lang-tg\|~~notelist~~Эмомалӣ Шарипович Раҳмонов\|script=Latn\|italic=no\|Emomalí Šaripovič Rahmonov}}; {{IPA-fa\|e̞mɔ̝mäˈli ʃäˈɾipɔ̝vitʃ ɾähˈmɔ̝nɔ̝w\|}}; {{lang-ru\|Эмомали́<!--not Эмомали́--> Шари́пович Рахмо́нов\|script=Latn\|italic=yes\|Emomalí Sharípovich Rahmónov}}<ref name=":0">{{Cite web\|url=http://news.tj/ru/newspaper/article/emomali-rakhmon-vekhi-politicheskoi-biografii\|title=Эмомали Рахмон: вехи политической биографии\|date=5 October 2016\|website=Asia-Plus\|publisher=Asia-Plus News Agency\|access-date=20 May 2016\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160624005254/http://news.tj/ru/newspaper/article/emomali-rakhmon-vekhi-politicheskoi-biografii\|archive-date=24 June 2016\|url-status=dead}}</ref>}}, born 5 October 1952) is a Tajik politician who has been serving as the 3rd [[President of Tajikistan]] since 16 November 1994. Previously he was the Chairman of the [[Supreme Assembly (Tajikistan)\|Supreme Assembly of Tajikistan]], as the [[de facto]] [[head of state]] from 20 November 1992 to 16 November 1994 (the post of president was temporarily abolished during this period). Since 18 March 1998, he has also served as the leader of the left-wing [[People's Democratic Party of Tajikistan]], which dominates the [[Parliament of Tajikistan]]. On 30 September 1999, he was elected vice-president of the [[United Nations General Assembly\|UN General Assembly]] for a one-year term. He became widely known in 1992 after the abolition of the post of president in the country, when at the dawn of the [[Tajikistani Civil War\|civil war (1992–1997)]] he became Chairman of the Supreme Soviet (Parliament) of Tajikistan as a compromise candidate between communists and [[Neocommunists\|neo-communists]] on the one hand and liberal-democratic, nationalist and [[Islamist]] forces (the [[United Tajik Opposition]]) on the other. Line 71: Five times (in the elections of [[1994 Tajik presidential election\|1994]], [[1999 Tajik presidential election\|1999]], [[2006 Tajik presidential election\|2006]], [[2013 Tajik presidential election\|2013]] and [[2020 Tajik presidential election\|2020]]), Rahmon won undemocratic presidential elections; in addition, he extended and reformed his powers based on the results of the national constitutional referendums of [[1999 Tajik constitutional referendum\|1999]] and [[2003 Tajik constitutional referendum\|2003]]. Since 25 December 2015, Emomali Rahmon has held the lifetime title of ''Peshvoyi Millat'' ({{lang-tg\|Пешвои Миллат\|script=Latn\|italic=no}}), which means “Leader of the Nation”, in full — “Founder of peace and national Unity — Leader of the Nation”. Following the results of the last national constitutional referendum in [[2016 Tajik constitutional referendum\|2016]], amendments were adopted that lifted the restrictions on the number of re-elections to the post of President of Tajikistan and lowered the age limit for those running for the post of president from 35 to 30 years. Rahmon heads an [[Authoritarianism\|authoritarian]] regime in Tajikistan with elements of a [[cult of personality]]. Political opponents are repressed, violations of human rights and freedoms are severe, elections are not free and fair, and [[corruption]] and [[nepotism]] are rampant.<ref>{{Cite web\|last=\|first=\|author-link=\|title=Tajikistan's eternal ruler Emomali Rakhmon {{!}} DW {{!}} 12.10.2020\|url=https://www.dw.com/en/tajikistans-eternal-ruler-emomali-rakhmon/a-55234401\|url-status=live\|access-date=2021-07-05\|website=DW.COM\|publisher=[[Deutsche Welle]]\|language=en-GB\|archive-date=6 July 2021\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210706140240/https://www.dw.com/en/tajikistans-eternal-ruler-emomali-rakhmon/a-55234401}}</ref><ref>{{cite news\|date=15 January 2019\|title=World Report 2019: Rights Trends in Tajikistan\|language=en\|work=[[Human Rights Watch]]\|url=https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2019/country-chapters/tajikistan\|access-date=13 May 2020\|archive-date=24 February 2019\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190224074509/https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2019/country-chapters/tajikistan\|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web\|title=The world's enduring dictators: Emomali Rahmon, Tajikistan\|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/the-worlds-enduring-dictators-emomali-rahmon-tajikistan/\|url-status=live\|access-date=2021-07-05\|website=www.cbsnews.com\|date=19 June 2011 \|publisher=[[CBS News]]\|language=en-US\|archive-date=9 July 2021\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709190542/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/the-worlds-enduring-dictators-emomali-rahmon-tajikistan/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web\|title=Tajikistan: Nations in Transit 2020 Country Report\|url=https://freedomhouse.org/country/tajikistan/nations-transit/2020\|url-status=live\|access-date=2021-07-05\|website=[[Freedom House]]\|language=en\|archive-date=11 July 2021\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210711013352/https://freedomhouse.org/country/tajikistan/nations-transit/2020}}</ref> Various important government positions are occupied by his family members, such as his 3536-year-old son [[Rustam Emomali]], who is the chairman of the country's parliament and the mayor of its capital city, [[Dushanbe]].<ref>{{Cite news\|title=Nepotism And Dynasty In Central Asian Politics\|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/nepotism-dynasty-central-asian-politics-roundtable/27538834.html\|url-status=live\|access-date=2021-07-11\|website=[[RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty]]\|date=23 August 2016 \|language=en\|archive-date=11 July 2021\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210711142111/https://www.rferl.org/a/nepotism-dynasty-central-asian-politics-roundtable/27538834.html \|last1=Pannier \|first1=Bruce }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web\|last=Benevento\|first=Chris\|title=Tajikistan: President's Daughter Gets Plum Ministry Job\|url=https://www.occrp.org/en/daily/5850-tajikistan-president-s-daughter-gets-plum-ministry-job\|url-status=live\|access-date=2021-07-11\|website=www.occrp.org\|publisher=[[Organized Crime and Corruption Reporting Project]]\|language=en-GB\|archive-date=11 July 2021\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210711142058/https://www.occrp.org/en/daily/5850-tajikistan-president-s-daughter-gets-plum-ministry-job}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news\|title=The Happiest Member Of The Rahmon Family\|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/qishloq-ovozi-happy-tajik-family/29032252.html\|url-status=live\|access-date=2021-07-11\|website=[[RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty]]\|date=10 February 2018 \|language=en\|archive-date=7 May 2021\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210507110952/https://www.rferl.org/a/qishloq-ovozi-happy-tajik-family/29032252.html \|last1=Pannier \|first1=Bruce }}</ref> ==Early life== Line 86: [[File:Tajik president Emomali Rahmon meets Ali Khamenei - 18 January 2006 (002).jpg\|left\|thumb\|222x222px\|Tajik president meets with Iran's supreme leader [[Ali Khamenei]] and Iran's president [[Mahmoud Ahmadinejad]] in January 2006]] Following constitutional changes, he was reelected on 6 November 1999 to a seven-year term, officially taking 97% of the vote. On 22 June 2003, he won a referendum that would allow him to run for two more consecutive seven-year terms after his term expired in 2006. The opposition alleges that this amendment was hidden in a way that verged upon [[electoral fraud]]. Rahmon was reelected to a seven-year term in a [[2006 Tajik presidential election\|controversial election]] on 6 November 2006, with about 79% of the vote, according to the official results. On 6 November 2013, he was reelected for the second seven-year term in office, with about 84% of the vote, in an [[2013 Tajikistani presidential election\|election]] that the [[Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe]] said lacked "genuine choice and meaningful pluralism".<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://www.osce.org/odihr/110986?download=true\|title=Republic of Tajikistan, Presidential Election 6 November 2013: OSCE/ODIHR Election Observation Mission Final Report\|date=5 February 2014\|publisher=OSCE/ODIHR\|access-date=20 May 2016\|archive-date=5 June 2016\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160605163749/http://www.osce.org/odihr/110986?download=true\|url-status=live}}</ref> In October 2020, he was once again [[2020 Tajik presidential election\|re-elected]] as president for a fifth term with a margin of 90.92%,<ref>{{cite web\|last1=Putz\|first1=Catherine\|title=Tajikistan's Presidential Election Yields Expected Results\|url=https://thediplomat.com/2020/10/tajikistans-presidential-election-yields-expected-results/\|url-status=live\|access-date=30 January 2021\|website=thediplomat.com\|publisher=[[The Diplomat]]\|archive-date=26 January 2021\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126062101/https://thediplomat.com/2020/10/tajikistans-presidential-election-yields-expected-results/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|last1=Abdulkerimov\|first1=Bahtiyar\|title=Tajikistan's president sworn in for 5th term\|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/asia-pacific/tajikistans-president-sworn-in-for-5th-term/2025251\|url-status=live\|access-date=30 January 2021\|website=aa.com.tr\|publisher=[[Anadolu Agency]]\|archive-date=19 January 2021\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210119220020/https://www.aa.com.tr/en/asia-pacific/tajikistans-president-sworn-in-for-5th-term/2025251}}</ref> amid allegations of fraud.<ref>{{cite web\|title=Amid Fraud Allegations, Results Give Tajikistan's Rahmon Fifth Presidential Term\|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/tajikistan-rahmon-extend-authoritarian-rule-ceremonial-election/30887682.html\|url-status=live\|access-date=30 January 2021\|website=rferl.org\|publisher=[[Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty]]\|archive-date=26 January 2021\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126085812/https://www.rferl.org/a/tajikistan-rahmon-extend-authoritarian-rule-ceremonial-election/30887682.html}}</ref> [[File:SCO meeting (2022-09-16).jpg\|thumb\|250px\|Rahmon at the [[2022 SCO summit\|2022]] [[Shanghai Cooperation Organisation]] summit in [[Samarkand]]]] On 22 May 2016, a [[2016 Tajik constitutional referendum\|nationwide referendum]] approved a number of changes to the country's [[Constitution of Tajikistan\|constitution]].<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://www.rferl.org/content/tajikistan-referenmdum-approved-rahmon-increasing-power/27751364.html\|title=Tajikistan Approves Constitutional Changes Tightening Rahmon's Grip On Power\|date=23 May 2016\|website=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty\|publisher=RFE/RL\|access-date=26 May 2016\|archive-date=26 May 2016\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160526115353/http://www.rferl.org/content/tajikistan-referenmdum-approved-rahmon-increasing-power/27751364.html\|url-status=live}}</ref> One of the main changes lifted the limit on presidential terms, effectively allowing Rahmon to stay in power for as many terms as he wishes.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://www.rferl.org/content/qishloq-ovozi-tajikistan-referendum-rahmon/27747496.html\|title=Why Does Tajikistan Need A Referendum?\|date=20 May 2016\|website=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty\|publisher=RFE/RL\|access-date=20 May 2016\|archive-date=21 May 2016\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160521144111/http://www.rferl.org/content/qishloq-ovozi-tajikistan-referendum-rahmon/27747496.html\|url-status=live}}</ref> Other key changes outlawed faith-based political parties, thus finalizing the removal of the outlawed [[Islamic Revival Party of Tajikistan\|Islamic Revival Party]] from Tajikistan's politics, and reduced the minimum eligibility age for presidential candidates from 35 to 30, enabling Rahmon's older son, [[Rustam Emomali]], to run for president any time after 2017.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://af.reuters.com/article/worldNews/idAFKCN0VJ0IU?sp=true\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160616193033/http://af.reuters.com/article/worldNews/idAFKCN0VJ0IU?sp=true\|url-status=dead\|archive-date=June 16, 2016\|title=Tajiks to vote in 'president-for-life' referendum\|date=10 February 2016\|publisher=Reuters\|access-date=20 May 2016}}</ref> In January 2017, Rustam Emomali was appointed Mayor of Dushanbe, a key position, which some analysts see as the next step to the top of the government.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://thepoliticon.net/analytics/275-tajikistan-regime-eternalization-completed.html\|title=Tajikistan: regime eternalization completed?\|date=26 January 2017\|website=The Politicon\|access-date=26 January 2017\|archive-date=8 November 2017\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171108093820/http://thepoliticon.net/analytics/275-tajikistan-regime-eternalization-completed.html\|url-status=dead}}</ref> Line 108: During a 2010 [[Organisation of Islamic Cooperation]] session in [[Dushanbe]], Rahmon spoke against what he called the misuse of Islam for political ends, claiming that "Terrorism, terrorists, have no nation, no country, no religion... Using the name 'Islamic terrorism' only discredits Islam and dishonors the pure and harmless religion of Islam."<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.rferl.org/content/Top_Islamic_Body_Holds_Foreign_Minister_Meeting_In_Dushanbe/2045729.html \|title=Top Islamic Body Holds Foreign Minister Meeting In Dushanbe \|publisher=Rferl.org \|date=18 May 2010 \|access-date=2 June 2014 \|archive-date=21 September 2016 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160921012914/http://www.rferl.org/content/Top_Islamic_Body_Holds_Foreign_Minister_Meeting_In_Dushanbe/2045729.html \|url-status=live }}</ref> Membership in [[Hizb ut-Tahrir]], a militant Islamic party that aims to overthrow secular governments and unify ~~Tajiks~~Muslims under one Islamic state, is illegal and members are subject to arrest and imprisonment.<ref>{{cite news \| title =Hizb ut Tahrir \| newspaper =BBC News \| publisher =BBC \| date =27 August 2003 \| url =http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/newsnight/3182271.stm \| access-date =12 September 2013 \| archive-date =28 August 2013 \| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20130828150541/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/newsnight/3182271.stm \| url-status =live }}</ref> The [[Islamic Renaissance Party of Tajikistan]] (IRP) is a banned [[Islamism\|Islamist]] political party and has been designated a [[terrorist organization]] since 2015.<ref>{{cite news\|first=Casey\|last=Michel\|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2015/11/trouble-tajikistan-151104085616528.html\|title=Trouble in Tajikistan: Analysts say the banning of a moderate Islamist party could unravel the country's post-civil war order\|newspaper=Al Jazeera\|date=5 November 2015\|access-date=23 February 2017\|archive-date=13 February 2017\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170213024031/http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2015/11/trouble-tajikistan-151104085616528.html\|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news\|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jun/02/tajikistan-human-rights-fears-banned-irpt-party-leaders-jailed-life\|title=Tajikistan human rights fears as banned party's ex-leaders jailed for life\|work=The Guardian\|agency=Reuters\|date=2 June 2016\|access-date=23 February 2017\|archive-date=24 February 2017\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170224054606/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jun/02/tajikistan-human-rights-fears-banned-irpt-party-leaders-jailed-life\|url-status=live}}</ref> Line 127: ==Honours and awards== * [[File:Vladimir Putin and Emomali Rahmon (2017-02-27) 1.jpg\|thumb\|235x235px\|Russian President Vladimir Putin awarding Rahmon the Order of Alexander Nevsky in February 2017]]Honorary Doctorate of Leadership by the [[Limkokwing University of Creative Technology]] (LUCT)<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.bernama.com.my/bernama/v7/ge/newsgeneral.php?id=1048975 \|title=Rahmon Receives Honorary Doctorate Of Leadership From LimKokWing University \|publisher=Bernama \|date=24 June 2014 \|access-date=25 June 2014 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140913092807/http://www.bernama.com.my/bernama/v7/ge/newsgeneral.php?id=1048975 \|archive-date=13 September 2014 \|url-status=dead }}</ref> * Honorary Doctorate of Leadership by the [[Limkokwing University of Creative Technology]] (LUCT)<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.bernama.com.my/bernama/v7/ge/newsgeneral.php?id=1048975 \|title=Rahmon Receives Honorary Doctorate Of Leadership From LimKokWing University \|publisher=Bernama \|date=24 June 2014 \|access-date=25 June 2014 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140913092807/http://www.bernama.com.my/bernama/v7/ge/newsgeneral.php?id=1048975 \|archive-date=13 September 2014 \|url-status=dead }}</ref> * {{flagicon\|Tajikistan}} [[Hero of Tajikistan]] * {{flagicon\|Kuwait}} [[Order of Mubarak the Great]] Line 136 ⟶ 134: * {{flagicon\|Ukraine}} [[Order of Merit (Ukraine)\|Order of Merit of Ukraine]] (2011) * {{flagicon\|Azerbaijan}} [[Heydar Aliyev Order]] (2012) * {{flagicon\|Turkmenistan}} [[Order of the President of Turkmenistan]] (2012) * {{flagicon\|Serbia}} [[Order of the Republic of Serbia]] (2013)<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.news.tj/en/news/president-rahmon-awarded-order-republic-serbia\|title=President Rahmon awarded the Order of the Republic of Serbia\|publisher=Asia-Plus\|date=26 February 2013\|access-date=4 September 2016\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160916145011/http://www.news.tj/en/news/president-rahmon-awarded-order-republic-serbia\|archive-date=16 September 2016\|url-status=dead}}</ref> * {{flagicon\|Russia}} [[Order of Alexander Nevsky]] (2017)<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://vestnikkavkaza.net/news/Tajik-President-awarded-Order-of-Alexander-Nevsky.html\|title=Tajik President awarded Order of Alexander Nevsky {{!}} Vestnik Kavkaza\|website=vestnikkavkaza.net\|language=en\|access-date=2017-03-04\|archive-date=24 September 2019\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190924225953/http://vestnikkavkaza.net/news/Tajik-President-awarded-Order-of-Alexander-Nevsky.html\|url-status=live}}</ref> * {{flagicon\|Kazakhstan}} [[Order of Parasat]] (2018)<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://m.akipress.com/news%3A603555/%26\|title=AKIpress News Agency\|website=m.akipress.com\|access-date=16 April 2018\|archive-date=9 March 2021\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210309021540/https://m.akipress.com/news:603555/\|url-status=live}}</ref> * [[Mark of Honour of Heads of State in Central Asia]] (2021)<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://president.tj/en/node/26325\|title=Emomali Rahmon Awarded the Mark of Honour of the Heads of Central Asian States \| Президенти Тоҷикистон - President of Tajikistan - Президент Таджикистана - رئيس جمهورية تاجيكستان\|access-date=11 August 2021\|archive-date=11 August 2021\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210811115804/http://president.tj/en/node/26325\|url-status=live}}</ref> * {{flagicon\|Russia}} [[Order "For Merit to the Fatherland"]] (2022)<ref>{{cite web \| url=https://report.az/ru/amp/v-regione/mid-kyrgyzstana-vyzval-posla-tadzhikistana-v-bishkeke/ \| title=МИД Кыргызстана вызвал посла Таджикистана в Бишкеке \| Report.az \| access-date=8 October 2022 \| archive-date=8 October 2022 \| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221008153748/https://report.az/ru/amp/v-regione/mid-kyrgyzstana-vyzval-posla-tadzhikistana-v-bishkeke/ \| url-status=live }}</ref> * Honorary Doctorate in arts by [[Cairo University]]<ref>{{cite web \|url=https://cu.edu.eg/ar/Cairo-University-News-14062.html \|title=president of the republic of tajikistan Receives Honorary Doctorate in arts From Cairo University \|publisher=Cairo University\|date=12 March 2022 \|access-date=1 August 2022\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220313003215/https://cu.edu.eg/ar/Cairo-University-News-14062.html \|archive-date=13 March 2022}}</ref> * {{flagicon\|Kazakhstan}} [[Order of the Golden Eagle]] (2023)<ref>{{Cite web\|language=ru\|url=https://www.akorda.kz/ru/glava-gosudarstva-kasym-zhomart-tokaev-nagradil-prezidenta-tadzhikistana-emomali-rahmona-ordenom-altyn-kyran445646#:~:text=4%20%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%8F%202023%20%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0,%E2%80%93%20%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%20%C2%AB%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BD%20%D2%9A%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%C2%BB.\|title=Глава государства Касым-Жомарт Токаев наградил Президента Таджикистана Эмомали Рахмона орденом "Алтын Қыран"\|website=www.akorda.kz\|date=2023-05-04\|access-date=}}</ref> * {{flagicon\|China}} [[Friendship Medal (China)\|Friendship Medal]] (2024) ==Notes== Line 190 ⟶ 189: [[Category:Tajikistani Sunni Muslims]] [[Category:Recipients of the Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise, 1st class]] [[Category:Tajik politicians]] [[Category:21st-century Tajikistani politicians]] [[Category:20th-century Tajikistani politicians]] Line 197: [[Category:20th-century presidents in Asia]] [[Category:People of the Tajikistani Civil War]] [[Category:Recipients of the Order of Merit (Ukraine), 1st class]] [[Category:Recipients of the Order "For Merit to the Fatherland", 3rd class]]