Wikipedia

Crown Hill Cemetery: Difference between revisions

Browse history interactively
← Previous edit
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
→‎Artworks: small cleanup, needs more work
m Disambiguating links to Prussia (disambiguation) (link changed to Prussia) using DisamAssist.
 
(46 intermediate revisions by 33 users not shown)
Line 1:
{{Short description|Historic cemetery in Marion CountyIndianapolis, Indiana, U.S.}}
{{About||the constituent National Cemetery|Crown Hill National Cemetery|other uses|Crown Hill Cemetery (disambiguation)}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=August 2023}}
{{Infobox NRHP
| name = Crown Hill Cemetery
| nrhp_type = hd
| nocat = yes
| image = Crown Hill Cemetery Gateway ArchesIndianapoliscrownhillcemeteryentrance01.jpg
| caption = Crown Hill Cemetery Gateway in 20152023
| location = 3402 Boulevard Place [[Indianapolis, Indiana]]
| coordinates = {{coord|39|49|13|N|86|10|14|W|source:GNIS|display=inline,title}}<!-- GNIS ID 433211 used -->
Line 19 ⟶ 20:
}}
 
'''Crown Hill Cemetery''' is a historic [[rural cemetery]] located at 700 West Thirty-Eighth38th Street in [[Indianapolis, Indiana|Indianapolis]], [[Marion County, Indiana]]. The privately owned [[cemetery]] was established in 1863 at Strawberry Hill, whose summit was renamed "The Crown", a high point overlooking Indianapolis. It is approximately {{convert|2.8|mi}} northwest of the city's center. Crown Hill was dedicated on June 1, 1864, and encompasses {{convert|555|acre}}, making it the third largest non-governmental [[cemetery]] in the [[United States]]. Its grounds are based on the landscape designs of [[Pittsburgh]] landscape architect and cemetery superintendent John Chislett Sr. and [[Adolph StrauchPrussia|Prussian]], a [[Prussianhorticulturalist]] [[horticulturalistAdolph Strauch]]. In 1866, the U.S. government authorized a [[United States National Cemetery|U.S. National Cemetery]] for Indianapolis. The {{convert|1.4|acre|adj=on}} [[Crown Hill National Cemetery]] is located in Sections 9 and 10.
 
Crown Hill contains {{convert|25|mi}} of paved road, over 150 species of trees and plants, over 225,000 graves, and services roughly 1,500 burials per year.{{citation needed|date=July 2014}} Crown Hill is the final resting place for individuals from all walks of life, from political and civic leaders to ordinary citizens, infamous criminals, and unknowns. [[Benjamin Harrison]], twenty-third23rd [[president of the United States]], and [[Vice Presidents of the United States|Vice Presidents]] [[Charles W. Fairbanks]], [[Thomas A. Hendricks]], and [[Thomas R. Marshall]] are buried at Crown Hill. Infamous bank robber and "Public Enemy #1" [[John Dillinger]] is another internee. The gravesite of Hoosier poet [[James Whitcomb Riley]] overlooks the city from "The Crown".
 
Many of the cemetery's mausoleums, monuments, memorials, and structures were designed by architects, landscape designers, and sculptors such as [[Diedrich A. Bohlen]], [[George Kessler]], [[Rudolph Schwarz (sculptor)|Rudolf Schwarz]], [[Adolph Scherrer]], and the architectural firms of [[Bohlen, Meyer, Gibson and Associates|D. A. Bolen and Son]] and [[Vonnegut & Bohn|Vonnegut and Bohn]], among others. Works by contemporary sculptors include David L. Rodgers, Michael B. Wilson, and Eric Nordgulen.
 
The cemetery's administrative offices, mortuary, and crematorium are located at Thirty-eighth38th Street and ClarendenClarendon streetsRoad on the cemetery's north grounds. Crown Hill's Waiting Station, built in 1885 at its east entrance on Thirty-fourth34th Street and Boulevard Place, serves as a meeting place for tours and programs. The Crown Hill Heritage Foundation, a nonprofit corporation established in 1984, raises funds to preserve the cemetery's historic buildings and grounds. Crown Hill Cemetery was listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]] on February 28, 1973.
 
==History==
Crown Hill was not Indianapolis's first major cemetery. [[Alexander Ralston]] included a cemetery site in his 1821 plan of Indianapolis at the south end of Kentucky Avenue, where it intersects South and West Streets.<ref name=Sloan1>{{cite book| first=Sarah| last=Sloan| title=The True Treasure of Crown Hill Cemetery| publisher=Crown Hill Cemetery Association| year=1973| location=Indianapolis| page=1}}</ref> Prior to the establishment of Crown Hill Cemetery in 1863, the city's main cemetery was expanded in the 1830s to create the {{convert|25|acre|adj=on}} [[Greenlawn Cemetery (Indianapolis, Indiana)|Greenlawn Cemetery]] on the city's southwest side.<ref name=Sanford15>{{cite book| first=Wayne L.| last=Sanford| title=Crown Hill, 1863–1988: 125th Anniversary Edition| publisher=Crown Hill Cemetery Association| year=1988| location=Indianapolis| page=15}}</ref> During the [[American Civil War|Civil War]], Greenlawn was quickly filling with burials of [[Union Army|Union]] soldiers and [[Confederate States Army|Confederate]] [[prisoners of war]] and faced encroachment from west side industrial development.<ref>{{cite book |first1=Douglas A. |last1=Wissing |author2=Marianne Tobias |author3=Rebecca W. Dolan |author4=Anne Ryder| title=Crown Hill: History, Spirit, and Sanctuary| publisher=Indiana Historical Society Press| year=2013 | location=Indianapolis | pages=2, 7 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PKFULwEACAAJ&q=Crown+Hill:+History,+Spirit,+and+Sanctuary| isbn=978-0871953018| url-access=subscription}}</ref> By the end of the 1870s it was closed to further interments due to lack of space.<ref name=Sanford15/>
 
The normal demands of a growing city, along with the capacity issues at Greenlawn, prompted a group of Indianapolis's civic-minded men to establish a new and larger cemetery within five miles of the city. On September 12, 1863, the men met with John Chislett Sr., a [[Pittsburgh]] landscape architect and cemetery superintendent, to discuss ideas for a cemetery that would be based on the park-like settings becoming popular in Europe, most notably the [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] in [[Paris]].<ref>Wissing, pp. 7–8, 13.</ref> On September 25, 1863, the group formed the Association of Crown Hill.<ref name=Sloan1/> Its selection committee bought a {{Convert|166-|acre|adj=on}} farm and tree nursery owned by Martin Williams for $51,500. The site for the new cemetery at Strawberry Hill, a high point overlooking Indianapolis, was {{convert|2.8|mi}} northwest of the city. The committee also acquired adjacent acreage of naturally rolling terrain from other sources.<ref name=Sloan1/> On October 22, 1863, a thirty30-manmember Board of Corporators (trustees) formally established Crown Hill as a privately owned cemetery.<ref>Wissing, pp. 14, 17, 241–43.</ref><ref name=Sanford1>Sanford, p. 1.</ref>
 
Once the initial land was secured, the board hired Chislett's son, Frederick, as Crown Hill's first superintendent. He arrived in Indianapolis with his wife and children on December 31, 1863. Frederick supervised the construction of the cemetery's first roads and developed the property's grounds based on the landscape designs of his father and Prussian horticulturalist [[Adolph Strauch]].<ref>Wissing, pp. 13, 17.</ref> The design retained many of the cemetery's natural features and laid out winding roads to create a landscape in the Victorian Romantic style.{{sfn|National Park Service}} The cemetery's first main entrance was off old Michigan Road (alsolater known as Northwestern Avenue and later,currently as Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard).<ref>Sloan, pp. 1, 17.</ref>
 
Crown Hill Cemetery was dedicated on June 1, 1864.<ref name=Wissing17>Wissing, p. 17.</ref> The first burial at Crown Hill was the body of Lucy Ann Seaton, aged thirty-three33, a young mother who had died of [[tuberculosis|consumption]].<ref name=Sloan1/> Later that year, James Pattison built a stone gateway for $2,300 at the cemetery's west entrance off of Michigan Road. The cemetery's east entrance at Thirty-fourth34th Street opened in 1864.<ref name=Sanford3>Sanford, p. 3.</ref> Omnibus transportation reached the cemetery in 1864. Visitors could also travel by steam-powered boat up the Central Canal to reach Crown Hill. Automobiles were allowed on the grounds beginning in 1912.<ref>Wissing, pp. 31, 38–39, 101.</ref>
 
In 1866, the federal government purchased {{convert|1.4|acre}} of land within the grounds of Crown Hill for a national military cemetery. The bodies of more than 700 Union soldiers who had died in Indianapolis during the Civil War were moved from Greenlawn Cemetery to new graves at the National Cemetery.<ref name=Sloan1/> On May 30, 1868, Crown Hill, along with Arlington National Cemetery and 182 others in twenty-seven27 states, took part in the country's first Memorial Day celebrations. An estimated crowd of 10,000 attended the Crown Hill ceremony, beginning an annual tradition at the site.<ref>Wissing, pp. 36–37.</ref>
[[File:Indianapolis Skyline Sunset from Crown Hill Cemetery.jpg|thumb|[[Downtown Indianapolis|Downtown]] as seen from "The Crown," elevation {{convert|842|ft|m|0}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://crownhillhf.org/docs/FAQs_CrownHillCemeteryTours.pdf|title=Frequently Asked Questions about Crown Hill Cemetery Tours|publisher=Crown Hill Cemetery|access-date=October 22, 2016|archive-date=October 23, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161023195916/http://crownhillhf.org/docs/FAQs_CrownHillCemeteryTours.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>]]
By the mid-1800s, Crown Hill was a burial ground as well as a popular location for recreational activities such as picnics, strolls, and carriage rides. It is well known for its views of downtown Indianapolis from "The Crown.".<ref>Wissing, pp. 40–41.</ref> In addition to developing the cemetery grounds, Crown Hill's Corporators built new structures on the site. A Gothic chapel and vault was erected in 1875.<ref name=Sloan1/> The main entrance was moved to Thirty-fourth34th Street on the cemetery's east side, where the cemetery's Waiting Station building and a three-arched gateway were erected in 1885. A new gate and gatehouse were built at the west entrance in 1900 to replace earlier structures that were demolished.<ref>Sanford, pp. 3, 17.</ref> Over several decades Crown Hill's grounds expanded to include substantial parcels of land north of Thirty-eighth38th Street (known then as Maple Road). In 1911, the acquisition of {{convert|40|acre}} at the northwest corner of Crown Hill made the {{convert|550|acre|adj=on}} grounds the third largest nongovernmental cemetery in the United States.<ref>Wissing, pp. 38, 80, 123.</ref>
 
Crown Hill's Pioneer Cemetery was established on the north grounds in 1912. The bodies of 1,160 early settlers from Greenlawn Cemetery were moved to this new section at Crown Hill. The remains of thirty-three33 people from Rhoads Cemetery, established on the city's west side in 1844, were interred in the Pioneer Cemetery in 1999. Bodies from the Wright-Whitesell-Gentry Cemetery located near Castleton on the city's northeast side were moved to the Pioneer Cemetery in 2008–09.<ref>Wissing, p. 296.</ref>
 
The cemetery's grounds continued to change. In 1914, landscape architect [[George Kessler]] designed a brick and wrought-iron fence nearly three miles{{Convert|3|mi|spell=in}} long. It was completed in the early 1920s and surrounded three quarters of the cemetery's south grounds and the southern end of the north grounds along Thirty-Eight38th Street. A bridge/underpass that became known as the Subway passed beneath Thirty-eighth38th Street to connect the north and south grounds.<ref name="Sloan1-3">Sloan, pp. 1, 3.</ref> Although Crown Hill faced competition from other cemeteries in the area, it continued to expand. More than 100,000 people were buried there by the late 1930s and more than 155,000 by the late 1970s.<ref>Wissing, pp. 128, 155, 193.</ref> The cemetery's Community Mausoleum was formally dedicated in 1951. Building five of the Garden Mausoleums, a series of outdoor mausoleums, was completed in 1962. A new administrative building by [[Bohlen, Meyer, Gibson and Associates|Bohlen and Burns]] was dedicated in 1969.<ref name=Sanford10>Sanford, p. 10.</ref> By the early 1980s, Crown Hill was valued at nearly $3 million. Its annual sales were estimated at $250,000, with an operating budget of $895,000. The cemetery employed fifteen15 salaried employees, twenty-one21 full-time maintenance workers, and twenty-five25 seasonal workers.<ref>Wissing, pp. 227–28.</ref>
 
Preservation of the cemetery's monuments and structures remained an ongoing concern to Crown Hill's board. The Crown Hill Heritage Foundation, a nonprofit corporation, was established in 1984 to raise funds for restoration of the cemetery's historic buildings and its grounds. By 1997 the foundation had raised $1.8 million, with an additional $3.2 million raised later, to restore the Gothic Chapel and make other improvements to the cemetery. In the 1990s Crown Hill added a mortuary and a new crematorium.<ref>Wissing, pp. 225, 230, 233.</ref>
 
On February 28, 1973, Crown Hill Cemetery, including the National Cemetery, was listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]]. The National Cemetery portion, which is listed separately, was added to the National Register on April 29, 1999.<ref name=NatCemRegister>{{cite web| first=Therese T.| last=Sammartino| title=National Registration of Historic Places Registration Form: Crown Hill National Cemetery| website=U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service| date=April 29, 1999| url=https://secure.in.gov/apps/dnr/shaard/r/4517/N/Crown_Hill_National_Cemetery_NR_Application.pdf| access-date=May 5, 2014| archive-date=May 1, 2018| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180501005814/https://secure.in.gov/apps/dnr/shaard/r/4517/N/Crown_Hill_National_Cemetery_NR_Application.pdf| url-status=live}}</ref>
 
On October 19, 1976, the Indiana Historical Bureau and the Board of Corporators of Crown Hill Cemetery erected a historical marker for the cemetery honoring its historic significance to Indiana and the United States.<ref>{{Cite web |last=IHB |date=2020-12-16 |title=Crown Hill |url=https://www.in.gov/history/state-historical-markers/find-a-marker/crown-hill/ |access-date=2024-05-16 |website=Indiana Historical Bureau |language=en}}</ref>
The first female and African American joined the Crown Hill Board of Corporators in 1997. Milton O. Thompson, a lawyer, former deputy Marion County prosecutor, and founder of a sports and entertainment management company became the board's first African American member. Hilary Stour Salatich, a [[Conseco]] executive and civic leader, became the first female corporator.<ref name="Wissing241-43">Wissing, pp. 241–43.</ref>
 
The first African American female, Cynthia Strayhorn Whisler,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Department of Periodontics and Allied Dental Programs |first=IU School of Dentistry |date=April 4, 2012 |title=The Practicing Academic |url=https://archives.iupui.edu/bitstream/handle/2450/7261/2012_4_April.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y |website=IUPUI Archives |access-date=November 1, 2022 |archive-date=November 1, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221101160634/https://archives.iupui.edu/bitstream/handle/2450/7261/2012_4_April.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y |url-status=live }}</ref> served as the managing director of Crown Hill Cemetery in 1996. Milton O. Thompson, a lawyer, former deputy Marion County prosecutor, and founder of a sports and entertainment management company became the board's first African American member. Hilary Stour Salatich, a [[Conseco]] executive and civic leader, became the first female corporator in 1997.<ref name="Wissing241-43">Wissing, pp. 241–243.</ref>
 
In 2007, Gibraltar Remembrance Services began managing Crown Hill Cemetery.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.ibj.com/articles/7789-update-gibraltar-deal-eases-crown-hill-worries | title=Gibraltar deal eases Crown Hill worries | date=February 6, 2007 | access-date=April 14, 2023 | archive-date=April 14, 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230414183009/https://www.ibj.com/articles/7789-update-gibraltar-deal-eases-crown-hill-worries | url-status=live }}</ref> [[Service Corporation International]] acquired Gibraltar Remembrance Services in 2018.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.partnerwithsci.com/recent-acquisitions.html | title=Recent Acquisitions | access-date=April 14, 2023 | archive-date=April 14, 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230414183010/https://www.partnerwithsci.com/recent-acquisitions.html | url-status=live }}</ref>
 
==Special sections==
 
===National Cemetery===
{{Main|Crown Hill National Cemetery}}
In 1866 the U.S. government authorized a [[United States National Cemetery|U.S. National Cemetery]] for Indianapolis as a burial site for [[Union (American Civil War)|Union]] soldiers who died in military camps and hospitals near the city during the [[American Civil War|Civil War]]. The National Cemetery is located on {{convert|1.4|acre}} within the grounds of Crown Hill in Section 10 The federal government purchased the site from Crown Hill's board for $5,000. On October 19, 1866, the remains of the first Union soldier were removed from Greenlawn Cemetery and interred at the National Cemetery at Crown Hill. By November 1866, the bodies of 707 soldiers had been moved from Greenlawn to the National Cemetery. As of December 31, 1998, the National Cemetery is filled. It encompasses 795 burial sites.<ref name=NatCemRegister/><ref>Wissing, pp. 33, 35.</ref>
 
===Confederate soldiers' burials===
Crown Hill is also a burial site for Confederate soldiers who died at [[Camp Morton]], a prison camp located north of Indianapolis. In 1931, when industrial development around Greenlawn Cemetery required the bodies of the Confederate prisoners to be moved, their remains were interred in a mass grave known as the Confederate Mound in Section 32 at Crown Hill. In 1993 a memorial with ten bronze plaques listing the names of the 1,616 Confederate soldiers and sailors who died at Camp Morton was dedicated at the site.<ref name=Conn81 /><ref>Wissing, pp. 1–2, 164.</ref><ref>Sanford, p. 8.</ref>
 
===Field of Valor===
Wars in [[Afghanistan]] and [[Iraq]] prompted expansion of Crown Hill's military sections to include the Field of Valor on {{convert|4|acre}} of the north grounds. It was dedicated on [[Veterans Day]], November 11, 2004. The Eternal Flame and Eagle Plaza installed in front of the memorial were dedicated on Veterans Day in 2005.<ref>Wissing, p. 293.</ref>
 
==Nature==
Wildlife abounds in Crown Hill Cemetery, which serves as a large refuge for birds, white-tailed deer, and small animals. The cemetery's grounds are home to more than 10,000 trees of some 130 unique species. In 2022, Crown Hill earned Level II Accreditation by the [[ArbNet]] Arboretum Accreditation Program.<ref>{{cite magazine |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |editor-last=Healy |editor-first=Thomas P. |title=Crown Hill Cemetery Grounds Receive Arboretum Accreditation |url=https://online.fliphtml5.com/edpoa/xccu/#p=18 |magazine=Midtown Indy |location=Indianapolis |publisher=Midtown Indianapolis Inc. |volume=2 |issue=1 |page=19 |date=January 2023 |access-date=February 19, 2023 |archive-date=February 19, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230219191446/https://online.fliphtml5.com/edpoa/xccu/#p=18 |url-status=live }}</ref>
 
==Artworks==
{{Main|List of public art in Crown Hill Cemetery}}
There are many works of art on the property, some of which are freestanding, but most of which are associated with a gravesite. Notable examples include:
* [[James Whitcomb Riley's Tomb]]: Following Riley's death on July 22, 1916, Crown Hill's board offered his family the prestigious site at "The Crown", the summit of Crown Hill that overlooks Indianapolis, as his final resting place. His was buried there on October 6, 1917. Riley's gravesite is marked with a large, open-canopied monument.<ref>Wissing, p. 113.</ref>
* Forrest Memorial: This is the gravesite of Albertina Allen Forrest, wife of [[Butler University]] professor and Citizens Gas general manager Jacob Dorrsey Forrest. She died on April 27, 1904. To mark the grave, her husband commissioned Viennese sculptor [[Rudolph Schwarz (sculptor)|Rudolf Schwarz]], whose work adorns numerous monuments and memorials including the [[Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument (Indianapolis)|Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument]] in Indianapolis, to create "Statue in Repose", a kneeling woman in mourning beneath a couplet from [[Alfred Lord Tennyson]]'s "In Memoriam". Albertina's husband, who died in 1930, is buried in an unmarked grave beside the memorial.<ref>Wissing, pp. 130, 136–38.</ref>
* Three limestone statues depicting the Greek goddesses [[Themis]], [[Demeter]], and [[Persephone]] from the old Marion County Courthouse. The courthouse was demolished in 1962.<ref name=Sanford20>Sanford, p. 20.</ref>
* Equatorial Sundial:David L. Rodgers was commissioned to create the functional [[sundial]] in 1985. It was fabricated of Indiana limestone in [[Bloomington, Indiana]], and installed in front of the Community Mausoleum in 1987.<ref name=Wissing228>Wissing, p. 228.</ref>
* The Hoosier Artists Contemporary Sculpture Walk: Established to mark Crown Hill's 140th anniversary, the walk includes works by ten artists, including Michael B. Wilson's "Social Attachments" and Eric Nordgulen's "Antenna Man".<ref>Wissing, pp. 286, 293.</ref>
* [[Holcomb Mausoleum Door]]: Part of a memorial for James Irving Holcomb, an Indianapolis industrialist and a Vice President of the Butler University board of trustees
 
==Notable memorials==
* Medical Science Donor Memorial, installed in 1991. In 1978 the Anatomical Education Board of the [[Indiana University School of Medicine]] purchased Section 41-A to inter the cremated remains of bodies that had been studied. As of 2011 more than one thousand medical donors have been recognized at the memorial.<ref>Wissing, p. 255.</ref>
* [[Indiana AIDS Memorial]], dedicated on October 29, 2000, is the first permanent [[AIDS]] memorial located in a cemetery.<ref>Wissing, p. 271.</ref>
* The Heroes of Public Safety monument, dedicated on September 11, 2002, is inscribed with the names of police, firefighters, and other public safety personnel who died in the line of duty.<ref>Wissing, p. 274.</ref>
* The Hearts Remembered Memorial, dedicated on June 4, 2006, remembers the city's orphaned and abandoned children, many of whom were buried in unmarked graves.<ref>Wissing, p. 295.</ref>
 
==Structures==
 
[[File:Indianapoliscrownhillcemeterygothicchapel02.jpg|thumb|right|Gothic Chapel at Crown Hill Cemetery]]
* Gothic chapel&nbsp;– Indianapolis architect [[Diedrich A. Bohlen]] designed the High Victorian Gothic-style chapel and vault, which were built east of the National Cemetery in 1875 at an initial cost of $38,922. They replaced an earlier vault that was used as temporary storage for bodies awaiting burial. In 1917 [[Bohlen, Meyer, Gibson and Associates|D.A. Bolen and Son]] designed an addition to the structure designed by D. A. Bohlen, the architectural firm's founder. The chapel and vaults were restored in the early 1970s at a cost of $120,000. CSO Architects began a major renovation and expansion in 2001. The project cost $3.2 million and received an excellence in Architecture Award from the [[American Institute of Architects]], Indiana chapter, in 2007.<ref>{{cite web | title =Crown Hill Cemetery, Chapel and Vault, Thirty-fourth Street, Indianapolis, Marion County, IN | work =Historic American Buildings Survey | publisher =Library of Congress | url =https://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/hh/item/in0048/ | access-date =2014-06-20 | archive-date =July 3, 2017 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20170703210336/http://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/hh/item/in0048/ | url-status =live }}</ref><ref>Wissing, pp. 42, 124, 188, 286.</ref><ref name=Sanford18>Sanford, p. 18.</ref>
* East gate, Waiting Station, and Porter's Lodge&nbsp;– Adolf Scherrer, an Indianapolis architect of Swiss origins, designed the [[High Victorian Gothic]] gateway and Waiting Station for the cemetery's main entrance at 34th Street and Boulevard Place. Construction began in May 1885. The three-arched gateway was completed in November 1885, in time for the funeral of [[Vice-President of the United States|vice-president]] and former [[Governor of Indiana|Indiana governor]] [[Thomas A. Hendricks]]. The gate was built of Bedford [[limestone]]. The Waiting Station exterior is brick and limestone. A gatehouse house that became known as Porter's Lodge at the gate's south side was designed by the Indianapolis architectural firm of [[Vonnegut & Bohn|Vonnegut and Bohn]] and built in 1904. The Crown Hill board leased the Waiting Station to [[Indiana Landmarks|Historic Landmarks Foundation of Indiana]] in 1970 for one dollar per year, provided the preservation organization agreed to restore the historic structure. The restoration was completed by February 1971. HLFI moved to offices on Michigan Street in 1990 and the Waiting Station was leased until the mid-1990s, when Crown Hill began using it for office space. Crown Hill spent an additional $500,000 to restore the Waiting Station in the late 1990s. It was restored again in 2001 and serves as a meeting place for cemetery tours and programs.<ref name="HABS-gateway">{{cite web| title =Crown Hill Cemetery, Gateway, 3402 Boulevard Place, Indianapolis, Marion County, IN| work =Historic American Buildings Survey| publisher =Library of Congress| url =https://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/hh/item/in0049/| access-date =2014-06-20| archive-date =June 27, 2017| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20170627064222/http://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/hh/item/in0049/| url-status =live}}</ref><ref name="Sanford17">Sanford, p. 17.</ref><ref name="HABS-Obldg-PDF">{{cite web | title =Crown Hill Cemetery, Office Building, 3402 Boulevard Place, Indianapolis, Marion County, IN | work =Historic American Buildings Survey | publisher =Library of Congress | url =http://lcweb2.loc.gov/pnp/habshaer/in/in0000/in0050/data/in0050data.pdf | access-date =2014-06-20 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20140726234624/http://lcweb2.loc.gov/pnp/habshaer/in/in0000/in0050/data/in0050data.pdf | archive-date =2014-07-26 | url-status =dead }}</ref><ref name="HABS-Obldg-S">{{cite web | title =Crown Hill Cemetery, Office Building, 3402 Boulevard Place, Indianapolis, Marion County, IN: Supplement | work =Historic American Buildings Survey | publisher =Library of Congress | url =http://lcweb2.loc.gov/pnp/habshaer/in/in0000/in0050/supp/in0050supp.pdf | access-date =2014-06-20 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20140726212206/http://lcweb2.loc.gov/pnp/habshaer/in/in0000/in0050/supp/in0050supp.pdf | archive-date =2014-07-26 | url-status =dead }}</ref><ref>Wissing, pp. 80, 83, 123, 188, 230, 286.</ref>
* Subway bridge/underpass&nbsp;– The underpass beneath 38th Street that connects the north and south grounds is also known as the Subway. Construction began in 1925 and was completed in 1927 at cost of $170,000. It was restored in the 1980s.<ref name=Sanford19>Sanford, p. 19.</ref><ref name=Wissing228/>
* West gate and gatehouse&nbsp;– In 1901 the original west entrance to the cemetery was demolished and an arched Romanesque gate and a gatehouse designed by Indianapolis architect Herbert Foltz was erected at its southwest corner. The west gate was closed in 1965 and demolished the following year.<ref>Wissing, pp. 123, 187.</ref><ref>Nicholas, p. 111.</ref>
* Masonry fence&nbsp;– In 1914 [[George Kessler]] designed a brick and wrought-iron fence to replace the cemetery's wood and wire fencing. The masonry fence surrounded three quarters of the south grounds and the southern end of the north grounds along 38th Street. It cost nearly $138,000. The fence has a {{convert|4|ft|adj=on}} thick concrete base, brick supports {{convert|8.5|ft}} in height, and sections of wrought iron measuring {{convert|25|ft}} in length that rest on brick support walls. Brick pillars at the entrances are more than {{convert|12|ft}} tall. Construction of the fence, which is approximately {{convert|3|mi}} long, was completed in 1920. A multi-year restoration costing $600,000 began in 1985.<ref name=Sanford20/><ref name=Wissing224>Wissing, pp. 124, 228.</ref>
* Mausoleums&nbsp;– Crown Hill contains several family and communal [[mausoleum]]s: Community Mausoleum, designed by [[Bohlen, Meyer, Gibson and Associates|D. A. Bohlen and Company]], was completed in the early 1950s. Its exterior is made of Indiana Bedford limestone; the interior is marble. Abbey Mausoleum, which was planned in 1993, is designed by Patrick L. Fly and cost $1.3 million. It is built of Indiana limestone and Carnelian granite.<ref name=Sanford10/><ref>Wissing, pp. 182, 188, 228.</ref>
* Superintendent's residence&nbsp;– A home for the superintendent remained on cemetery grounds until 1950. [[Bohlen, Meyer, Gibson and Associates|D. A. Bohlen]] designed a three-story [[Victorian house]] to replace a log cabin structure in the late 1860s. Fire destroyed the Victorian residence in 1913, but a new three-story brick home was already under construction as its replacement. The brick residence was removed from Crown Hill in 1950.<ref name=Sanford18/><ref>Wissing, pp. 42, 123.</ref>
* Administrative offices&nbsp;– A building erected at 38th and Clarenden Streets in 1969 serves as Crown Hill's business offices.<ref name="Sanford17"/>
* Mortuary and crematorium&nbsp;– Groundbreaking for a $1.5 million mortuary took place in May 1992. Architect J. Stuart Todd drew up the plans. The funeral home opened on March 1, 1993. Gibralter Remembrance Services, LLC, who purchased the mortuary in 2006, built a 9,500 square foot expansion. A new crematorium was added in 1990.<ref>Wissing, pp. 233, 270–71.</ref>
 
==Notable interments==
===Political and civil rights figures===
* [[Benjamin Harrison]], 23rd [[president of the United States]], along with his first wife, [[Caroline Harrison]];<ref name="Heritage2">{{cite book |title=Our Hoosier Heritage |publisher=Crown Hill Cemetery Association |year=1970 |location=Indianapolis}}</ref> his second wife, [[Mary Dimmick Harrison]];<ref>Sanford, p. 21.</ref> his son [[Russell Benjamin Harrison]]; and his daughter [[Mary Harrison McKee]].
* [[Vice President of the United States|Vice Presidents of the United States]] [[Charles W. Fairbanks]], [[Thomas A. Hendricks]], and [[Thomas R. Marshall]].<ref name=Sanford22>Sanford, p. 22.</ref>
* [[Vice PresidentialPresident nomineesof the United States|Vice Presidents of the United States]] [[GeorgeCharles WashingtonW. JulianFairbanks]], [[WilliamThomas HaydenA. EnglishHendricks]], and [[JohnThomas WR. KernMarshall]].<ref name="Sanford22/><ref">WissingSanford, ppp. 83–8422.</ref>
* Vice presidential nominees [[George Washington Julian]], [[William Hayden English]], and [[John W. Kern]].<ref name="Sanford22" /><ref>Wissing, pp. 83–84.</ref>
* [[List of Governors of Indiana|Indiana Governors]] [[Noah Noble]], [[David Wallace (Indiana politician)|David Wallace]], [[James Whitcomb]], [[Abram A. Hammond]], [[Oliver P. Morton]], Thomas A. Hendricks, [[Albert G. Porter]], [[Ira Joy Chase]], [[Winfield T. Durbin]], Thomas R. Marshall, and [[Robert D. Orr]].<ref name=Heritage"Heritage2"/><ref>Wissing, p. 303.</ref>
* [[United States Senators]] [[Oliver H. Smith]], Thomas A. Hendricks, Benjamin Harrison, Charles W. Fairbanks, [[Albert J. Beveridge]], John W. Kern, [[Joseph E. McDonald]], [[Thomas Taggart]], [[David Turpie]], [[Homer E. Capehart]], [[Robert Hanna]], and [[Harry S. New]].<ref name="Sanford22" />
* [[United States Representatives|U.S. Representatives]] [[George Washington Julian|George W. Julian]], General [[Ebenezer Dumont]], [[Albert G. Porter|Albert Porter]], [[John Hanson Farquhar|John H. Farquhar]], [[Ralph Hill (representative)|Ralph Hill]], [[Franklin Landers]], [[Samuel M. Moore]]s, [[William E. Niblack]], and [[Julia Carson]].<ref>Wissing, p. 308.</ref><ref name="Sanford14" />
* [[List of mayors of Indianapolis, Indiana|Mayors of Indianapolis]] including [[Caleb Scudder]], [[James McCready]], [[Henry F. West]], [[Samuel D. Maxwell]], John Caven, [[Daniel W. Grubbs]], [[Caleb S. Denny]], [[Thomas L. Sullivan]], [[Thomas Taggart]], Charles A. Bookwalter, [[John W. Holtzman]], Samuel L. Shank, Joseph E. Bell, [[Charles W. Jewett (Indiana politician)|Charles W. Jewett]], John L. Duvall, Claude E. Negley, [[Reginald H. Sullivan]], [[Walter C. Boetcher]], [[Robert Tyndall]], George L. Denny, and Christian J. Emhardt.<ref name=Heritage"Heritage2"/><ref name="Sanford14">Sanford, p. 14.</ref>
* [[Allen M. Fletcher]], [[Governor of Vermont]]
* [[Addison C. Harris]], [[List of ambassadors of the United States to Austria|U.S. Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary (ambassador) to Austria-Hungary]].<ref name="Beauty" />
* [[William H. H. Miller|William Henry Harrison Miller]], [[United States Attorney General|U.S. Attorney General]].<ref name="Heritage2"/>
* [[Benjamin Harrison]], twenty-third [[president of the United States]], along with his first wife, [[Caroline Harrison]];<ref name=Heritage>{{cite book| title=Our Hoosier Heritage| publisher=Crown Hill Cemetery Association| year=1970| location=Indianapolis}}</ref> his second wife, [[Mary Dimmick Harrison]];<ref>Sanford, p. 21.</ref> his son [[Russell Benjamin Harrison]]; and his daughter [[Mary Harrison McKee]].
* [[William HD. H. Miller|William Henry Harrison MillerMcCoy]], [[List of ambassadors of the United States Attorneyto GeneralLiberia|U.S.United States Ambassador Attorneyto GeneralLiberia]].<ref name=Heritage"Sanford9">Sandford, p. 9</ref>
* [[WilliamMeredith D. McCoyNicholson]], [[Listauthor ofand ambassadors of theU.S. United StatesMinister to Liberia|United[[Paraguay]], States[[Venezuela]], Ambassador toand Liberia[[Nicaragua]]<ref name=Sanford9"Wissing158" /><ref name="Sanford4">SandfordSanford, p. 94.</ref>
* [[Meredith Nicholson]], author and U.S. Minister to [[Paraguay]], [[Venezuela]], and [[Nicaragua]]<ref name="Wissing158"/><ref name=Sanford4>Sanford, p. 4.</ref>
* [[May Wright Sewall]], women's rights advocate.<ref>{{cite book| first=Ray E.| last=Boomhower| title=Fighting for Equality: A Life of May Wright Sewell| publisher=Indiana Historical Society Press| year=2007| location=Indianapolis| page=133| isbn=978-0871952530}}</ref>
* [[William S. Taylor (Kentucky politician)|William S. Taylor]], [[Governor of Kentucky]]
* [[William F. Turner]], first Chief Justice of the Arizona Supreme Court.<ref>{{cite journal| first=John S.| last=Goff| title=William F. Turner, First Chief Justice of Arizona| journal=Journal of Arizona History| volume=19| issue=2| date=Summer 1978| publisher=Arizona Historical Society| page=207| issn=0021-9053| jstor=42678105| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kLsPClu6NBgC&q=William+F.+Turner,+First+Chief+Justice+of+Arizona| url-access=subscription}}</ref>
* [[Henry Lane Wilson]], Ambassador to [[Mexico]] and U.S. Minister to [[Chile]] and to [[Belgium]].<ref name="Beauty" />
* [[Zerelda G. Wallace]], temperance advocate and suffragette, second wife of governor and congressman [[David Wallace (Indiana politician)|David Wallace]], [[Lew Wallace]]'s stepmother, and sister-in-law of James Gatling.<ref>Wissing, p. 70.</ref>
* [[Christopher T. Gonzalez]], LGBT and AIDs activist, along with his life partner Jeff Werner.
 
=== Military figures ===
* [[American Civil War]] generals for the Union army: [[Thomas Armstrong Morris]], [[Edward Canby|Edward Richard Sprigg Canby]], [[Jefferson C. Davis]], [[Abel Streight]], [[George Francis McGinnis]], [[John Parker Hawkins]], [[Robert Sanford Foster]], [[John Coburn (Indiana politician)|John Coburn]], [[Frederick Knefler]], and [[George Henry Chapman]].<ref>{{cite book| first=Anna| last=Nicholas| title=The Story of Crown Hill| publisher=Crown Hill Association| year=1928| location=Indianapolis| pages=167–73, 177, 180–82180–182| isbn =978-0871953018}}</ref><ref>Wissing, p. 64.</ref>
* The remains of 1,616 Confederate soldiers who died during their confinement at [[Camp Morton]], a Union prison camp in Indianapolis. Their remains were transferred to Crown Hill in 1931.<ref name=Conn81>{{cite book| first=Earl L.| last=Conn| title=My Indiana: 101 Places to See| publisher=[[Indiana Historical Society]] Press| year=2006| location=Indianapolis| page=81| isbn=978-0871951953}}</ref>
* Two British [[Commonwealth War Graves Commission|Commonwealth service personnel]] are buried in this cemetery, one from each World War: Captain Joseph Hammond of the [[Royal Air Force]], killed in 1918,<ref>[http{{Cite web|url=https://www.veterans.gc.ca/eng/remembrance/memorials/canadian-virtual-war-memorial/detail/4010256|title=Joseph Joel Hammond – The Canadian Virtual War Memorial] – Veterans Affairs Canada|date=February 20, 2019|website=www.veterans.gc.ca|access-date=February 21, 2024|archive-date=December 8, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231208035922/https://www.veterans.gc.ca/eng/remembrance/memorials/canadian-virtual-war-memorial/detail/4010256|url-status=live}}</ref> and Warrant Officer Thomas Taggart Young, [[Royal Canadian Air Force]], who died in 1942.<ref name=cwgc>{{cite web| title=Casualty Details: Young, Thomas Taggart| publisher=Commonwealth War Games Commission| url=http://www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/2719732/YOUNG,%20THOMAS%20TAGGART| access-date=June 23, 2014| archive-date=July 25, 2014| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140725185454/http://www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/2719732/YOUNG,%20THOMAS%20TAGGART| url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Charles W. Brouse]], Congressional Medal of Honor recipient<ref name="Wissing, p. 63">Wissing, p. 63.</ref><ref name="Sanford, p. 5">Sanford, p. 5.</ref>
* [[James H. Kasler]], Korean and Vietnam War fighter pilot and POW; only recipient of three [[Air Force Cross (United States)|Air Force Crosses]]<ref>{{cite news| title=Col. James Kasler, 'Indiana's Sgt. York,' was fighter, survivor| url=https://www.indystar.com/story/news/2014/05/26/col-james-kasler-indianas-sgt-york-fighter-survivor/9583415/| first=Phil| last=Richards| date=May 26, 2014| newspaper=[[Indianapolis Star]]| access-date=September 8, 2020| archive-date=August 8, 2020| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808063937/https://www.indystar.com/story/news/2014/05/26/col-james-kasler-indianas-sgt-york-fighter-survivor/9583415/| url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[John Swanson (Medal of Honor)|John Swanson]] Congressional Medal of Honor recipient<ref> name="Wissing, p. 63.<"/ref><ref> name="Sanford, p. 5.<"/ref>
* [[Roscoe Turner]], aviator, winner of a [[Distinguished Flying Cross (United States)|Distinguished Flying Cross]], and transcontinental speed recordholder.<ref>Wissing, p. 194.</ref>
 
=== Sports figures ===
* [[James A. Allison]], Frank Wheeler, Arthur Newby, and [[Carl Fisher]], founders of the [[Indianapolis Motor Speedway]].<ref name=Heritage"Heritage2"/><ref name="Crown Hill Autos">{{cite web |url=http://www.crownhillhf.org/docs/IndianapolisAutoGreatsHandout.pdf |title=Indianapolis Auto greats |publisher=Crown Hill Cemetery |work=Celebrating Automotive Heritage at Crown Hill Cemetery |year=2011 |access-date=September 10, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120913203018/http://crownhillhf.org/docs/IndianapolisAutoGreatsHandout.pdf |archive-date=September 13, 2012}}</ref>
* [[Indianapolis 500]] winners [[Floyd Davis]], [[Louis Schneider]], [[Howdy Wilcox]], and [[Jim Hurtubise]]<ref name="Crown Hill Autos"/>
* [[Bob Jenkins]], voice of the [[Indianapolis 500]] 1990–98
* [[Erwin Baker|Erwin "Cannon Ball" Baker]], record setting motorcycle racer.<ref name=Heritage/>
* [[Erwin Baker|Erwin "Cannon Ball" Baker]], record setting automobile and motorcycle racer.<ref name="Heritage2"/>
* [[George Bignotti]], Indianapolis 500 and [[American open-wheel racing]] team owner and mechanic.
* [[Bill Garrett (basketball)|William L. "Bill" Garrett]], the first African American to play in the [[Big Ten Conference]].<ref>Wissing, p. 211.</ref>
* [[Robert Irsay]], former owner of the [[Indianapolis Colts]].<ref>Wissing, p. 257.</ref>
Line 92 ⟶ 144:
=== Founders and inventors ===
* [[Lyman S. Ayres]], founder of [[L. S. Ayres|L. S. Ayres department stores]].<ref>Wissing, pp. 68–69.</ref>
* [[Charles H. Black]]<ref name=Beauty/><ref name="Sanford, pp. 9–10, 14">Sanford, pp. 9–10, 14.</ref><ref name="Wissing, pp. 103–04, 155">Wissing, pp. 103–04, 155.</ref>
* [[Ovid Butler]], founder of [[Butler University]].<ref name=Beauty>{{cite book| title=Our Hoosier Heritage in Crown Hill Cemetery: A Place of History and Scenic Beauty| publisher=Crown Hill Cemetery Association| year=1966| location=Indianapolis}}</ref>
* [[August Duesenberg]] and [[Fred Duesenberg|Frederick S. Duesenberg]], automotive industrialists<ref name=Beauty/><ref> name="Sanford, pp. 9–10, 14.<"/ref><ref> name="Wissing, pp. 103–04, 155.<"/ref>
* [[Frank P. Fox]], Indianapolis 500 driver and owner of the Pope Motor Car Company<ref name=Beauty/><ref> name="Sanford, pp. 9–10, 14.<"/ref><ref> name="Wissing, pp. 103–04, 155.<"/ref>
* [[Howard Garns]], inventor of [[Sudoku]]
* [[Richard Jordan Gatling]], American inventor, best known for his invention of the [[Gatling gun]].<ref name=Heritage"Heritage2"/>
* [[John Geisse|John F. Geisse]], founder of [[Target Corporation#Target|Target Stores]], [[Venture Stores]], and The Wholesale Club.
* [[Colonel Eli Lilly]], founder of [[Eli Lilly and Company]],<ref name=Heritage"Heritage2"/> and several of his descendants, including [[Josiah K. Lilly Sr.]], [[Josiah K. Lilly Jr.]], [[Eli Lilly (industrialist, born 1885)|Eli Lilly]], and [[Ruth Lilly]].<ref>Wissing, pp. 195–96, 304.</ref>
* Daniel Marmon, Early Indianapolis-based automotive manufacturers and a principal of [[Nordyke Marmon & Company|Nordyke Marmon and Company]]
* [[Thomas A. Morris]], Indiana railroad executive and civil engineer
* [[David M. Parry]], founder of the [[Parry Auto Company]]<ref name=Beauty/><ref>Sanford, pp. 9–10, 14.</ref><ref>Wissing, pp. 103–04, 155.</ref>
* Hiram[[David PM. WassonParry]], founder of the [[H.Parry P. Wasson andAuto Company]] department stores<ref name=Sanford14Beauty/><ref name="Sanford, ppp. 9–10, 14.<"/><ref name="Wissing, pp. 103–04, 155"/>
* [[Harry C. Stutz]], Indianapolis-based automobile engineer and industrialist.
* Hiram P. Wasson, founder of [[H. P. Wasson and Company]] department stores<ref name="Sanford14"/>
 
=== Arts and media ===
Line 109 ⟶ 163:
* [[Jacob Cox]], portrait and landscape painter.<ref name=Sanford9/>
* [[Cecil Duane Crabb]], ragtime composer.<ref name=Wissing158>Wissing, p. 158.</ref>
* [[William Forsyth (artist)|William Forsyth]], [[Hoosier Group]] artist<ref name="Wissing, pp. 106–07">Wissing, pp. 106–07.</ref>
* [[Richard Gruelle]], Hoosier Group artist<ref> name="Wissing, pp. 106–07.<"/ref>
* [[John Wesley Hardrick]], artist
* [[Kin Hubbard|Frank McKinney "Kin" Hubbard]], cartoonist and humorist.<ref name=Heritage"Heritage2"/>
* [[Etheridge Knight]], poet.<ref>Wissing, p. 248.</ref>
* [[James Whitcomb Riley]], poet,<ref>Wissing, p. 110.</ref> best known for his poem "[[Little Orphant Annie]]"
* [[Otto Stark]], Hoosier Group artist<ref> name="Wissing, pp. 106–07.<"/ref>
* [[Booth Tarkington]], author<ref name=Heritage"Heritage2"/> and winner of two [[Pulitzer Prizes]]
 
===Other===
Line 122 ⟶ 176:
* [[John Dillinger]], notorious bank robber in the 1930s.<ref>Wissing pp. 160–64.</ref>
* [[Garfield Thomas Haywood|G. T. Haywood]], First Presiding Bishop of the [[Pentecostal Assemblies of the World]].
* [[Josephine R. Nichols]] (1838–1897), President, Indiana State [[Woman's Christian Temperance Union]]<ref name="TheIndianapolisNews1897">{{cite news |title=Josephine R. Nichols Dead. |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-indianapolis-news-josephine-r-nicho/141865159/ |access-date=22 February 2024 |work=The Indianapolis News |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |date=9 April 1897 |page=5 |language=en}} {{Source-attribution}} {{Open access}}</ref>
* [[Alexander Ralston]], surveyor who designed the original plan of Indianapolis in 1821.<ref>Sanford, p. 23.</ref>
 
===Fictional interment===
In the book ''[[The Fault in Our Stars]]'', as well as [[The Fault in Our Stars (film)|the movie adaptation of the same name]], the love interest Augustus Waters is buried at Crown Hill in a gravesite facing 38th Street.<ref name="TFioS">{{cite news |last1=Lindquist |first1=David |title=John Green looked to Indy sites for 'TFIOS' settings |url=https://www.indystar.com/story/entertainment/movies/2014/06/01/john-green-indianapolis/9805033/ |access-date=4 May 2021 |work=The Indianapolis Star |archive-date=August 3, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210803011112/https://www.indystar.com/story/entertainment/movies/2014/06/01/john-green-indianapolis/9805033/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
 
==Special sections==
 
===National Cemetery===
{{Main|Crown Hill National Cemetery}}
In 1866 the U.S. government authorized a [[United States National Cemetery|U.S. National Cemetery]] for Indianapolis as a burial site for [[Union (American Civil War)|Union]] soldiers who died in military camps and hospitals near the city during the [[American Civil War|Civil War]]. The National Cemetery is located on {{convert|1.4|acre}} within the grounds of Crown Hill in Section 10 The federal government purchased the site from Crown Hill's board for $5,000. On October 19, 1866, the remains of the first Union soldier were removed from Greenlawn Cemetery and interred at the National Cemetery at Crown Hill. By November 1866, the bodies of 707 soldiers had been moved from Greenlawn to the National Cemetery. As of December 31, 1998, the National Cemetery is filled. It encompasses 795 burial sites.<ref name=NatCemRegister/><ref>Wissing, pp. 33, 35.</ref>
 
===Confederate soldiers' burials===
Crown Hill is also a burial site for Confederate soldiers who died at [[Camp Morton]], a prison camp located north of Indianapolis. In 1931, when industrial development around Greenlawn Cemetery required the bodies of the Confederate prisoners to be moved, their remains were interred in a mass grave known as the Confederate Mound in Section 32 at Crown Hill. In 1993 a memorial with ten bronze plaques listing the names of the 1,616 Confederate soldiers and sailors who died at Camp Morton was dedicated at the site.<ref name=Conn81 /><ref>Wissing, pp. 1–2, 164.</ref><ref>Sanford, p. 8.</ref>
 
===Field of Valor===
Wars in [[Afghanistan]] and [[Iraq]] prompted expansion of Crown Hill's military sections to include the Field of Valor on {{convert|4|acre}} of the north grounds. It was dedicated on [[Veterans Day]], November 11, 2004. The Eternal Flame and Eagle Plaza installed in front of the memorial were dedicated on Veterans Day in 2005.<ref>Wissing, p. 293.</ref>
 
==Nature==
Wildlife abounds in Crown Hill Cemetery, which serves as a large refuge for birds, white-tailed deer, and small animals. More than 100 species of trees have been identified on the grounds.<ref name=Sanford19>Sanford, p. 19.</ref>
 
==Artworks==
{{Main|List of public art in Crown Hill Cemetery}}
There are many works of art on the property, some of which are freestanding, but most of which are associated with a gravesite. Notable examples include:
* [[James Whitcomb Riley's Tomb]]: Following Riley's death on July 22, 1916, Crown Hill's board offered his family the prestigious site at "The Crown", the summit of Crown Hill that overlooks Indianapolis, as his final resting place. His was buried there on October 6, 1917. Riley's gravesite is marked with a large, open-canopied monument.<ref>Wissing, p. 113.</ref>
* Forrest Memorial: This is the gravesite of Albertina Allen Forrest, wife of [[Butler University]] professor and Citizens Gas general manager Jacob Dorrsey Forrest. She died on April 27, 1904. To mark the grave, her husband commissioned Viennese sculptor [[Rudolph Schwarz (sculptor)|Rudolf Schwarz]], whose work adorns numerous monuments and memorials including the [[Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument (Indianapolis)|Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument]] in Indianapolis, to create "Statue in Repose", a kneeling woman in mourning beneath a couplet from [[Alfred Lord Tennyson]]'s "In Memoriam". Albertina's husband, who died in 1930, is buried in an unmarked grave beside the memorial.<ref>Wissing, pp. 130, 136–38.</ref>
* Three limestone statues depicting the Greek goddesses [[Themis]], [[Demeter]], and [[Persephone]] from the old Marion County Courthouse. The courthouse was demolished in 1962.<ref name=Sanford20>Sanford, p. 20.</ref>
* Equatorial Sundial:David L. Rodgers was commissioned to create the functional [[sundial]] in 1985. It was fabricated of Indiana limestone in [[Bloomington, Indiana]], and installed in front of the Community Mausoleum in 1987.<ref name=Wissing228>Wissing, p. 228.</ref>
* The Hoosier Artists Contemporary Sculpture Walk: Established to mark Crown Hill's 140th anniversary, the walk includes works by ten artists, including Michael B. Wilson's "Social Attachments" and Eric Nordgulen's "Antenna Man".<ref>Wissing, pp. 286, 293.</ref>
* [[Holcomb Mausoleum Door]]: Part of a memorial for James Irving Holcomb, an Indianapolis industrialist and a Vice President of the Butler University board of trustees
 
==Notable memorials==
* Medical Science Donor Memorial, installed in 1991. In 1978 the Anatomical Education Board of the [[Indiana University School of Medicine]] purchased Section 41-A to inter the cremated remains of bodies that had been studied. As of 2011 more than one thousand medical donors have been recognized at the memorial.<ref>Wissing, p. 255.</ref>
* Indiana AIDS Memorial, dedicated on October 29, 2000, is the first permanent [[AIDS]] memorial located in a cemetery.<ref>Wissing, p. 271.</ref>
* The Heroes of Public Safety monument, dedicated on September 11, 2002, is inscribed with the names of police, firefighters, and other public safety personnel who died in the line of duty.<ref>Wissing, p. 274.</ref>
* The Hearts Remembered Memorial, dedicated on June 4, 2006, remembers the city's orphaned and abandoned children, many of whom were buried in unmarked graves.<ref>Wissing, p. 295.</ref>
 
==Structures==
* Gothic chapel&nbsp;– Indianapolis architect [[Diedrich A. Bohlen]] designed the High Victorian Gothic-style chapel and vault, which were built east of the National Cemetery in 1875 at an initial cost of $38,922. They replaced an earlier vault that was used as temporary storage for bodies awaiting burial. In 1917 [[Bohlen, Meyer, Gibson and Associates|D.A. Bolen and Son]] designed an addition to the structure designed by D. A. Bohlen, the architectural firm's founder. The chapel and vaults were restored in the early 1970s at a cost of $120,000. CSO Architects began a major renovation and expansion in 2001. The project cost $3.2 million and received an excellence in Architecture Award from the [[American Institute of Architects]], Indiana chapter, in 2007.<ref>{{cite web| title =Crown Hill Cemetery, Chapel and Vault, Thirty-fourth Street, Indianapolis, Marion County, IN | work =Historic American Buildings Survey | publisher =Library of Congress | url =https://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/hh/item/in0048/ | access-date =2014-06-20}}</ref><ref>Wissing, pp. 42, 124, 188, 286.</ref><ref name=Sanford18>Sanford, p. 18.</ref>
* East gate, Waiting Station, and Porter's Lodge&nbsp;– Adolf Scherrer, an Indianapolis architect of Swiss origins, designed the [[High Victorian Gothic]] gateway and Waiting Station for the cemetery's main entrance at Thirty-fourth Street and Boulevard Place. Construction began in May 1885. The three-arched gateway was completed in November 1885, in time for the funeral of [[Vice-President of the United States|vice-president]] and former [[Governor of Indiana|Indiana governor]] [[Thomas A. Hendricks]]. The gate was built of Bedford [[limestone]]. The Waiting Station exterior is brick and limestone. A gatehouse house that became known as Porter's Lodge at the gate's south side was designed by the Indianapolis architectural firm of [[Vonnegut & Bohn|Vonnegut and Bohn]] and built in 1904. The Crown Hill board leased the Waiting Station to [[Indiana Landmarks|Historic Landmarks Foundation of Indiana]] in 1970 for one dollar per year, provided the preservation organization agreed to restore the historic structure. The restoration was completed by February 1971. HLFI moved to offices on Michigan Street in 1990 and the Waiting Station was leased until the mid-1990s, when Crown Hill began using it for office space. Crown Hill spent an additional $500,000 to restore the Waiting Station in the late 1990s. It was restored again in 2001 and serves as a meeting place for cemetery tours and programs.<ref name="HABS-gateway">{{cite web | title =Crown Hill Cemetery, Gateway, 3402 Boulevard Place, Indianapolis, Marion County, IN | work = Historic American Buildings Survey | publisher =Library of Congress | url =https://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/hh/item/in0049/| access-date =2014-06-20}}</ref><ref name=Sanford17>Sanford, p. 17.</ref><ref name="HABS-Obldg-PDF">{{cite web | title =Crown Hill Cemetery, Office Building, 3402 Boulevard Place, Indianapolis, Marion County, IN | work =Historic American Buildings Survey | publisher =Library of Congress | url =http://lcweb2.loc.gov/pnp/habshaer/in/in0000/in0050/data/in0050data.pdf | access-date =2014-06-20 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20140726234624/http://lcweb2.loc.gov/pnp/habshaer/in/in0000/in0050/data/in0050data.pdf | archive-date =2014-07-26 | url-status =dead }}</ref><ref name="HABS-Obldg-S">{{cite web | title =Crown Hill Cemetery, Office Building, 3402 Boulevard Place, Indianapolis, Marion County, IN: Supplement | work =Historic American Buildings Survey | publisher =Library of Congress | url =http://lcweb2.loc.gov/pnp/habshaer/in/in0000/in0050/supp/in0050supp.pdf | access-date =2014-06-20 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20140726212206/http://lcweb2.loc.gov/pnp/habshaer/in/in0000/in0050/supp/in0050supp.pdf | archive-date =2014-07-26 | url-status =dead }}</ref><ref>Wissing, pp. 80, 83, 123, 188, 230, 286.</ref>
* Subway bridge/underpass&nbsp;– The underpass beneath Thirty-eight Street that connects the north and south grounds is also known as the Subway. Construction began in 1925 and was completed in 1927 at cost of $170,000. It was restored in the 1980s.<ref name=Sanford19/><ref name=Wissing228/>
* West gate and gatehouse&nbsp;– In 1901 the original west entrance to the cemetery was demolished and an arched Romanesque gate and a gatehouse designed by Indianapolis architect Herbert Foltz was erected at its southwest corner. The west gate was closed in 1965 and demolished the following year.<ref>Wissing, pp. 123, 187.</ref><ref>Nicholas, p. 111.</ref>
* Masonry fence&nbsp;– In 1914 [[George Kessler]] designed a brick and wrought-iron fence to replace the cemetery's wood and wire fencing. The masonry fence surrounded three quarters of the south grounds and the southern end of the north grounds along Thirty-eighth Street. It cost nearly $138,000. The fence has a {{convert|4|ft|adj=on}} thick concrete base, brick supports {{convert|8.5|ft}} in height, and sections of wrought iron measuring {{convert|25|ft}} in length that rest on brick support walls. Brick pillars at the entrances are more than {{convert|12|ft}} tall. Construction of the fence, which is approximately {{convert|3|mi}} long, was completed in 1920. A multi-year restoration costing $600,000 began in 1985.<ref name=Sanford20/><ref name=Wissing224>Wissing, pp. 124, 228.</ref>
* Mausoleums&nbsp;– Crown Hill contains several family and communal [[mausoleum]]s: Community Mausoleum, designed by [[Bohlen, Meyer, Gibson and Associates|D. A. Bohlen and Company]], was completed in the early 1950s. Its exterior is made of Indiana Bedford limestone; the interior is marble. Abbey Mausoleum, which was planned in 1993, is designed by Patrick L. Fly and cost $1.3 million. It is built of Indiana limestone and Carnelian granite.<ref name=Sanford10/><ref>Wissing, pp. 182, 188, 228.</ref>
* Superintendent's residence&nbsp;– A home for the superintendent remained on cemetery grounds until 1950. [[Bohlen, Meyer, Gibson and Associates|D. A. Bohlen]] designed a three-story [[Victorian house]] to replace a log cabin structure in the late 1860s. Fire destroyed the Victorian residence in 1913, but a new three-story brick home was already under construction as its replacement. The brick residence was removed from Crown Hill in 1950.<ref name=Sanford18/><ref>Wissing, pp. 42, 123.</ref>
* Administrative offices&nbsp;– A building erected at Thirty-eighth and Clarenden Streets in 1969 serves as Crown Hill's business offices.<ref name=Sanford17>Sanford, p. 17.</ref>
* Mortuary and crematorium&nbsp;– Groundbreaking for a $1.5 million mortuary took place in May 1992. Architect J. Stuart Todd drew up the plans. The funeral home opened on March 1, 1993. Gibralter Remembrance Services, LLC, who purchased the mortuary in 2006, built a 9,500 square foot expansion. A new crematorium was added in 1990.<ref>Wissing, pp. 233, 270–71.</ref>
 
==Gallery==
<gallery>
ImageFile:Benjamin Harrison grave 2.JPG|[[Benjamin Harrison]]'s grave
ImageFile:Crown Hill Confederates.JPG|Graves of Confederate prisoners of war who died at [[Camp Morton]]
ImageFile:Indy Skyline Riley.JPG|Skyline of Indianapolis from Riley's grave
ImageFile:James Whitecomb Riley grave closeup.JPG|Closeup of [[James Whitcomb Riley]]'s grave
File:John Dillinger grave Crown Hill.jpg|[[John Dillinger]]'s grave
ImageFile:Oliver Morton grave.JPG|[[Oliver P. Morton]]'s grave
ImageFile:MarshallGrave.jpg|[[Thomas R. Marshall]]'s grave
File:Waiting Station at Crown Hill Cemetery.jpg|alt=|Waiting Station at Crown Hill Cemetery.jpg - April 2016
</gallery>
 
==See also==
* [[List of cemeteries in the United States cemeteries]]
*[[List of cemeteries in Indiana]]
*[[List of burial places of presidents and vice presidents of the United States]]
*[[List of attractions and events in Indianapolis]]
 
==Notes==
Line 187 ⟶ 204:
 
==References==
* {{cite web| title=Crown Hill Cemetery| publisher=National Park Service| url=http://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/indianapolis/crownhill.html| access-date=30 August 2011 |ref={{harvid|National Park Service}}}}
* {{cite book| last= Conn| first=Earl L.| title=My Indiana: 101 Places to See| publisher=[[Indiana Historical Society]] Press| year=2006| location=Indianapolis| isbn=978-0871951953}}
* {{cite book| last=Nicholas| first=Anna| title=The Story of Crown Hill| publisher=Crown Hill Association| year=1928| location=Indianapolis}}
Line 198 ⟶ 215:
==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* {{Official website|https://www.crownhill.org/}}
* [http://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/indianapolis/crownhill.html Crown Hill Cemetery, Indianapolis, a National Park Service ''Discover Our Shared Heritage'' Travel Itinerary]
* {{GNIS|type=retired|433211}}<!-- coords used in infobox -->
* {{GNIS|type=retired|2060058|Crown Hill National Cemetery}}
* {{Find a Grave cemetery|84781|Crown Hill Cemetery}}
* {{Find a Grave cemetery|2164295|Crown Hill National Cemetery}}
Line 211 ⟶ 228:
{{Historic Places in Indianapolis}}
{{Monuments in Indianapolis}}
{{Benjamin Harrison}}
{{Authority control}}
 
[[Category:Cemeteries in Indiana]]
[[Category:Cemeteries on the National Register of Historic Places in Indiana]]
[[Category:Historic American Landscapes Survey in Indiana]]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crown_Hill_Cemetery"