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'''Crown Hill Cemetery''' is a historic [[rural cemetery]] located at 700 West 38th Street in [[Indianapolis, Indiana|Indianapolis]], [[Marion County, Indiana]]. The privately owned [[cemetery]] was established in 1863 at Strawberry Hill, whose summit was renamed "The Crown", a high point overlooking Indianapolis. It is approximately {{convert|2.8|mi}} northwest of the city's center. Crown Hill was dedicated on June 1, 1864, and encompasses {{convert|555|acre}}, making it the third largest non-governmental [[cemetery]] in the [[United States]]. Its grounds are based on the landscape designs of [[Pittsburgh]] landscape architect and cemetery superintendent John Chislett Sr and [[Prussia|Prussian]] [[horticulturalist]] [[Adolph Strauch]]. In 1866, the U.S. government authorized a [[United States National Cemetery|U.S. National Cemetery]] for Indianapolis. The {{convert|1.4|acre|adj=on}} [[Crown Hill National Cemetery]] is located in Sections 9 and 10.
Crown Hill contains {{convert|25|mi}} of paved road, over 150 species of trees and plants, over 225,000 graves, and services roughly 1,500 burials per year.{{citation needed|date=July 2014}} Crown Hill is the final resting place for individuals from all walks of life, from political and civic leaders to ordinary citizens, infamous criminals, and unknowns. [[Benjamin Harrison]], 23rd [[president of the United States]], and [[Vice Presidents of the United States|Vice Presidents]] [[Charles W. Fairbanks]], [[Thomas A. Hendricks]], and [[Thomas R. Marshall]] are buried at Crown Hill. Infamous bank robber and "Public Enemy #1" [[John Dillinger]] is another internee. The gravesite of Hoosier poet [[James Whitcomb Riley]] overlooks the city from "The Crown".
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In 1866, the federal government purchased {{convert|1.4|acre}} of land within the grounds of Crown Hill for a national military cemetery. The bodies of more than 700 Union soldiers who had died in Indianapolis during the Civil War were moved from Greenlawn Cemetery to new graves at the National Cemetery.<ref name=Sloan1/> On May 30, 1868, Crown Hill, along with Arlington National Cemetery and 182 others in 27 states, took part in the country's first Memorial Day celebrations. An estimated crowd of 10,000 attended the Crown Hill ceremony, beginning an annual tradition at the site.<ref>Wissing, pp. 36–37.</ref>
[[File:Indianapolis Skyline Sunset from Crown Hill Cemetery.jpg|thumb|[[Downtown Indianapolis|Downtown]] as seen from "The Crown," elevation {{convert|842|ft|m|0}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://crownhillhf.org/docs/FAQs_CrownHillCemeteryTours.pdf|title=Frequently Asked Questions about Crown Hill Cemetery Tours|publisher=Crown Hill Cemetery|access-date=October 22, 2016|archive-date=October 23, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161023195916/http://crownhillhf.org/docs/FAQs_CrownHillCemeteryTours.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>]]
By the mid-1800s, Crown Hill was a burial ground as well as a popular location for recreational activities such as picnics, strolls, and carriage rides. It is well known for its views of downtown Indianapolis from "The Crown".<ref>Wissing, pp. 40–41.</ref> In addition to developing the cemetery grounds, Crown Hill's Corporators built new structures on the site. A Gothic chapel and vault was erected in 1875.<ref name=Sloan1/> The main entrance was moved to 34th Street on the cemetery's east side, where the cemetery's Waiting Station building and a three-arched gateway were erected in 1885. A new gate and gatehouse were built at the west entrance in 1900 to replace earlier structures that were demolished.<ref>Sanford, pp. 3, 17.</ref> Over several decades Crown Hill's grounds expanded to include substantial parcels of land north of 38th Street (known then as Maple Road). In 1911, the acquisition of {{convert|40|acre}} at the northwest corner of Crown Hill made the {{convert|550|acre|adj=on}} grounds the third largest nongovernmental cemetery in the United States.<ref>Wissing, pp. 38, 80, 123.</ref>
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Preservation of the cemetery's monuments and structures remained an ongoing concern to Crown Hill's board. The Crown Hill Heritage Foundation, a nonprofit corporation, was established in 1984 to raise funds for restoration of the cemetery's historic buildings and its grounds. By 1997 the foundation had raised $1.8 million, with an additional $3.2 million raised later, to restore the Gothic Chapel and make other improvements to the cemetery. In the 1990s Crown Hill added a mortuary and a new crematorium.<ref>Wissing, pp. 225, 230, 233.</ref>
On February 28, 1973, Crown Hill Cemetery, including the National Cemetery, was listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]]. The National Cemetery portion, which is listed separately, was added to the National Register on April 29, 1999.<ref name=NatCemRegister>{{cite web| first=Therese T.| last=Sammartino| title=National Registration of Historic Places Registration Form: Crown Hill National Cemetery| website=U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service| date=April 29, 1999| url=https://secure.in.gov/apps/dnr/shaard/r/4517/N/Crown_Hill_National_Cemetery_NR_Application.pdf| access-date=May 5, 2014| archive-date=May 1, 2018| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180501005814/https://secure.in.gov/apps/dnr/shaard/r/4517/N/Crown_Hill_National_Cemetery_NR_Application.pdf| url-status=live}}</ref>
On October 19, 1976, the Indiana Historical Bureau and the Board of Corporators of Crown Hill Cemetery erected a historical marker for the cemetery honoring its historic significance to Indiana and the United States.<ref>{{Cite web |last=IHB |date=2020-12-16 |title=Crown Hill |url=https://www.in.gov/history/state-historical-markers/find-a-marker/crown-hill/ |access-date=2024-05-16 |website=Indiana Historical Bureau |language=en}}</ref>
The first African American female, Cynthia Strayhorn Whisler,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Department of Periodontics and Allied Dental Programs |first=IU School of Dentistry |date=April 4, 2012 |title=The Practicing Academic |url=https://archives.iupui.edu/bitstream/handle/2450/7261/2012_4_April.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y |website=IUPUI Archives}}</ref> served as the Managing Director of Crown Hill Cemetery in 1996. Milton O. Thompson, a lawyer, former deputy Marion County prosecutor, and founder of a sports and entertainment management company became the board's first African American member. Hilary Stour Salatich, a [[Conseco]] executive and civic leader, became the first female corporator in 1997.<ref name="Wissing241-43">Wissing, pp. 241–43.</ref>▼
▲The first African American female, Cynthia Strayhorn Whisler,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Department of Periodontics and Allied Dental Programs |first=IU School of Dentistry |date=April 4, 2012 |title=The Practicing Academic |url=https://archives.iupui.edu/bitstream/handle/2450/7261/2012_4_April.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y |website=IUPUI Archives |access-date=November 1, 2022 |archive-date=November 1, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221101160634/https://archives.iupui.edu/bitstream/handle/2450/7261/2012_4_April.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y |url-status=live }}</ref> served as the
In 2007, Gibraltar Remembrance Services began managing Crown Hill Cemetery.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.ibj.com/articles/7789-update-gibraltar-deal-eases-crown-hill-worries | title=UPDATE: Gibraltar deal eases Crown Hill worries }}</ref> [[Service Corporation International]] acquired Gibraltar Remembrance Services in 2018.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.partnerwithsci.com/recent-acquisitions.html | title=Recent Acquisitions }}</ref>▼
▲In 2007, Gibraltar Remembrance Services began managing Crown Hill Cemetery.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.ibj.com/articles/7789-update-gibraltar-deal-eases-crown-hill-worries | title=
==Special sections==
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==Nature==
Wildlife abounds in Crown Hill Cemetery, which serves as a large refuge for birds, white-tailed deer, and small animals. The cemetery's grounds are home to more than 10,000 trees of some 130 unique species. In 2022, Crown Hill earned Level II Accreditation by the [[ArbNet]] Arboretum Accreditation Program.<ref>{{cite magazine |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |editor-last=Healy |editor-first=Thomas P. |title=Crown Hill Cemetery Grounds Receive Arboretum Accreditation |url=https://online.fliphtml5.com/edpoa/xccu/#p=18 |magazine=Midtown Indy |location=Indianapolis |publisher=Midtown Indianapolis Inc. |volume=2 |issue=1 |page=19 |date=January 2023 |access-date=February 19, 2023 |archive-date=February 19, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230219191446/https://online.fliphtml5.com/edpoa/xccu/#p=18 |url-status=live }}</ref>
==Artworks==
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[[File:Indianapoliscrownhillcemeterygothicchapel02.jpg|thumb|right|Gothic Chapel at Crown Hill Cemetery]]
* Gothic chapel – Indianapolis architect [[Diedrich A. Bohlen]] designed the High Victorian Gothic-style chapel and vault, which were built east of the National Cemetery in 1875 at an initial cost of $38,922. They replaced an earlier vault that was used as temporary storage for bodies awaiting burial. In 1917 [[Bohlen, Meyer, Gibson and Associates|D.A. Bolen and Son]] designed an addition to the structure designed by D. A. Bohlen, the architectural firm's founder. The chapel and vaults were restored in the early 1970s at a cost of $120,000. CSO Architects began a major renovation and expansion in 2001. The project cost $3.2 million and received an excellence in Architecture Award from the [[American Institute of Architects]], Indiana chapter, in 2007.<ref>{{cite web | title =Crown Hill Cemetery, Chapel and Vault, Thirty-fourth Street, Indianapolis, Marion County, IN | work =Historic American Buildings Survey | publisher =Library of Congress | url =https://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/hh/item/in0048/ | access-date =2014-06-20 | archive-date =July 3, 2017 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20170703210336/http://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/hh/item/in0048/ | url-status =live }}</ref><ref>Wissing, pp. 42, 124, 188, 286.</ref><ref name=Sanford18>Sanford, p. 18.</ref>
* East gate, Waiting Station, and Porter's Lodge – Adolf Scherrer, an Indianapolis architect of Swiss origins, designed the [[High Victorian Gothic]] gateway and Waiting Station for the cemetery's main entrance at 34th Street and Boulevard Place. Construction began in May 1885. The three-arched gateway was completed in November 1885, in time for the funeral of [[Vice-President of the United States|vice-president]] and former [[Governor of Indiana|Indiana governor]] [[Thomas A. Hendricks]]. The gate was built of Bedford [[limestone]]. The Waiting Station exterior is brick and limestone. A gatehouse house that became known as Porter's Lodge at the gate's south side was designed by the Indianapolis architectural firm of [[Vonnegut & Bohn|Vonnegut and Bohn]] and built in 1904. The Crown Hill board leased the Waiting Station to [[Indiana Landmarks|Historic Landmarks Foundation of Indiana]] in 1970 for one dollar per year, provided the preservation organization agreed to restore the historic structure. The restoration was completed by February 1971. HLFI moved to offices on Michigan Street in 1990 and the Waiting Station was leased until the mid-1990s, when Crown Hill began using it for office space. Crown Hill spent an additional $500,000 to restore the Waiting Station in the late 1990s. It was restored again in 2001 and serves as a meeting place for cemetery tours and programs.<ref name="HABS-gateway">{{cite web
▲* East gate, Waiting Station, and Porter's Lodge – Adolf Scherrer, an Indianapolis architect of Swiss origins, designed the [[High Victorian Gothic]] gateway and Waiting Station for the cemetery's main entrance at 34th Street and Boulevard Place. Construction began in May 1885. The three-arched gateway was completed in November 1885, in time for the funeral of [[Vice-President of the United States|vice-president]] and former [[Governor of Indiana|Indiana governor]] [[Thomas A. Hendricks]]. The gate was built of Bedford [[limestone]]. The Waiting Station exterior is brick and limestone. A gatehouse house that became known as Porter's Lodge at the gate's south side was designed by the Indianapolis architectural firm of [[Vonnegut & Bohn|Vonnegut and Bohn]] and built in 1904. The Crown Hill board leased the Waiting Station to [[Indiana Landmarks|Historic Landmarks Foundation of Indiana]] in 1970 for one dollar per year, provided the preservation organization agreed to restore the historic structure. The restoration was completed by February 1971. HLFI moved to offices on Michigan Street in 1990 and the Waiting Station was leased until the mid-1990s, when Crown Hill began using it for office space. Crown Hill spent an additional $500,000 to restore the Waiting Station in the late 1990s. It was restored again in 2001 and serves as a meeting place for cemetery tours and programs.<ref name="HABS-gateway">{{cite web | title =Crown Hill Cemetery, Gateway, 3402 Boulevard Place, Indianapolis, Marion County, IN | work = Historic American Buildings Survey | publisher =Library of Congress | url =https://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/hh/item/in0049/| access-date =2014-06-20}}</ref><ref name=Sanford17>Sanford, p. 17.</ref><ref name="HABS-Obldg-PDF">{{cite web | title =Crown Hill Cemetery, Office Building, 3402 Boulevard Place, Indianapolis, Marion County, IN | work =Historic American Buildings Survey | publisher =Library of Congress | url =http://lcweb2.loc.gov/pnp/habshaer/in/in0000/in0050/data/in0050data.pdf | access-date =2014-06-20 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20140726234624/http://lcweb2.loc.gov/pnp/habshaer/in/in0000/in0050/data/in0050data.pdf | archive-date =2014-07-26 | url-status =dead }}</ref><ref name="HABS-Obldg-S">{{cite web | title =Crown Hill Cemetery, Office Building, 3402 Boulevard Place, Indianapolis, Marion County, IN: Supplement | work =Historic American Buildings Survey | publisher =Library of Congress | url =http://lcweb2.loc.gov/pnp/habshaer/in/in0000/in0050/supp/in0050supp.pdf | access-date =2014-06-20 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20140726212206/http://lcweb2.loc.gov/pnp/habshaer/in/in0000/in0050/supp/in0050supp.pdf | archive-date =2014-07-26 | url-status =dead }}</ref><ref>Wissing, pp. 80, 83, 123, 188, 230, 286.</ref>
* Subway bridge/underpass – The underpass beneath 38th Street that connects the north and south grounds is also known as the Subway. Construction began in 1925 and was completed in 1927 at cost of $170,000. It was restored in the 1980s.<ref name=Sanford19>Sanford, p. 19.</ref><ref name=Wissing228/>
* West gate and gatehouse – In 1901 the original west entrance to the cemetery was demolished and an arched Romanesque gate and a gatehouse designed by Indianapolis architect Herbert Foltz was erected at its southwest corner. The west gate was closed in 1965 and demolished the following year.<ref>Wissing, pp. 123, 187.</ref><ref>Nicholas, p. 111.</ref>
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* Mausoleums – Crown Hill contains several family and communal [[mausoleum]]s: Community Mausoleum, designed by [[Bohlen, Meyer, Gibson and Associates|D. A. Bohlen and Company]], was completed in the early 1950s. Its exterior is made of Indiana Bedford limestone; the interior is marble. Abbey Mausoleum, which was planned in 1993, is designed by Patrick L. Fly and cost $1.3 million. It is built of Indiana limestone and Carnelian granite.<ref name=Sanford10/><ref>Wissing, pp. 182, 188, 228.</ref>
* Superintendent's residence – A home for the superintendent remained on cemetery grounds until 1950. [[Bohlen, Meyer, Gibson and Associates|D. A. Bohlen]] designed a three-story [[Victorian house]] to replace a log cabin structure in the late 1860s. Fire destroyed the Victorian residence in 1913, but a new three-story brick home was already under construction as its replacement. The brick residence was removed from Crown Hill in 1950.<ref name=Sanford18/><ref>Wissing, pp. 42, 123.</ref>
* Administrative offices – A building erected at 38th and Clarenden Streets in 1969 serves as Crown Hill's business offices.<ref name="Sanford17
* Mortuary and crematorium – Groundbreaking for a $1.5 million mortuary took place in May 1992. Architect J. Stuart Todd drew up the plans. The funeral home opened on March 1, 1993. Gibralter Remembrance Services, LLC, who purchased the mortuary in 2006, built a 9,500 square foot expansion. A new crematorium was added in 1990.<ref>Wissing, pp. 233, 270–71.</ref>
==Notable interments==
===Political and civil rights figures===
* [[
* [[Vice President of the United States|Vice Presidents of the United States]] [[Charles W. Fairbanks]], [[Thomas A. Hendricks]], and [[Thomas R. Marshall]].<ref name="Sanford22">Sanford, p. 22.</ref>
* Vice
* [[List of Governors of Indiana|Indiana Governors]] [[Noah Noble]], [[David Wallace (Indiana politician)|David Wallace]], [[James Whitcomb]], [[Abram A. Hammond]], [[Oliver P. Morton]], Thomas A. Hendricks, [[Albert G. Porter]], [[Ira Joy Chase]], [[Winfield T. Durbin]], Thomas R. Marshall, and [[Robert D. Orr]].<ref name="Heritage2"/><ref>Wissing, p. 303.</ref>
* [[United States Senators]] [[Oliver H. Smith]], Thomas A. Hendricks, Benjamin Harrison, Charles W. Fairbanks, [[Albert J. Beveridge]], John W. Kern, [[Joseph E. McDonald]], [[Thomas Taggart]], [[David Turpie]], [[Homer E. Capehart]], [[Robert Hanna]], and [[Harry S. New]].<ref name="Sanford22" />
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=== Military figures ===
* [[American Civil War]] generals for the Union army: [[Thomas Armstrong Morris]], [[Edward Canby|Edward Richard Sprigg Canby]], [[Jefferson C. Davis]], [[Abel Streight]], [[George Francis McGinnis]], [[John Parker Hawkins]], [[Robert Sanford Foster]], [[John Coburn (Indiana politician)|John Coburn]], [[Frederick Knefler]], and [[George Henry Chapman]].<ref>{{cite book| first=Anna| last=Nicholas| title=The Story of Crown Hill| publisher=Crown Hill Association| year=1928| location=Indianapolis| pages=167–73, 177,
* The remains of 1,616 Confederate soldiers who died during their confinement at [[Camp Morton]], a Union prison camp in Indianapolis. Their remains were transferred to Crown Hill in 1931.<ref name=Conn81>{{cite book| first=Earl L.| last=Conn| title=My Indiana: 101 Places to See| publisher=[[Indiana Historical Society]] Press| year=2006| location=Indianapolis| page=81| isbn=978-0871951953}}</ref>
* Two British [[Commonwealth War Graves Commission|Commonwealth service personnel]] are buried in this cemetery, one from each World War: Captain Joseph Hammond of the [[Royal Air Force]], killed in 1918,<ref>
* [[Charles W. Brouse]], Congressional Medal of Honor recipient<ref name="Wissing, p. 63">Wissing, p. 63.</ref><ref name="Sanford, p. 5">Sanford, p. 5.</ref>
* [[James H. Kasler]], Korean and Vietnam War fighter pilot and POW; only recipient of three [[Air Force Cross (United States)|Air Force Crosses]]<ref>{{cite news| title=Col. James Kasler, 'Indiana's Sgt. York,' was fighter, survivor| url=https://www.indystar.com/story/news/2014/05/26/col-james-kasler-indianas-sgt-york-fighter-survivor/9583415/| first=Phil| last=Richards| date=May 26, 2014| newspaper=[[Indianapolis Star]]| access-date=September 8, 2020| archive-date=August 8, 2020| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808063937/https://www.indystar.com/story/news/2014/05/26/col-james-kasler-indianas-sgt-york-fighter-survivor/9583415/| url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[John Swanson (Medal of Honor)|John Swanson]] Congressional Medal of Honor recipient<ref name="Wissing, p. 63"/><ref name="Sanford, p. 5"/>
* [[Roscoe Turner]], aviator, winner of a [[Distinguished Flying Cross (United States)|Distinguished Flying Cross]], and transcontinental speed recordholder.<ref>Wissing, p. 194.</ref>
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* [[James A. Allison]], Frank Wheeler, Arthur Newby, and [[Carl Fisher]], founders of the [[Indianapolis Motor Speedway]].<ref name="Heritage2"/><ref name="Crown Hill Autos">{{cite web |url=http://www.crownhillhf.org/docs/IndianapolisAutoGreatsHandout.pdf |title=Indianapolis Auto greats |publisher=Crown Hill Cemetery |work=Celebrating Automotive Heritage at Crown Hill Cemetery |year=2011 |access-date=September 10, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120913203018/http://crownhillhf.org/docs/IndianapolisAutoGreatsHandout.pdf |archive-date=September 13, 2012}}</ref>
* [[Indianapolis 500]] winners [[Floyd Davis]], [[Louis Schneider]], [[Howdy Wilcox]]<ref name="Crown Hill Autos"/>
* [[Bob Jenkins]], voice of the [[Indianapolis 500]]
* [[Erwin Baker|Erwin "Cannon Ball" Baker]], record setting automobile and motorcycle racer.<ref name="Heritage2"/>
* [[George Bignotti]], Indianapolis 500 and [[American open-wheel racing]] team owner and mechanic.
* [[Bill Garrett (basketball)|William L. "Bill" Garrett]], the first African American to play in the [[Big Ten Conference]].<ref>Wissing, p. 211.</ref>
* [[Robert Irsay]], former owner of the [[Indianapolis Colts]].<ref>Wissing, p. 257.</ref>
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* [[David M. Parry]], founder of the [[Parry Auto Company]]<ref name=Beauty/><ref name="Sanford, pp. 9–10, 14"/><ref name="Wissing, pp. 103–04, 155"/>
* [[Harry C. Stutz]], Indianapolis-based automobile engineer and industrialist.
* Hiram P. Wasson, founder of [[H. P. Wasson and Company]] department stores<ref name="Sanford14
=== Arts and media ===
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* [[John Dillinger]], notorious bank robber in the 1930s.<ref>Wissing pp. 160–64.</ref>
* [[Garfield Thomas Haywood|G. T. Haywood]], First Presiding Bishop of the [[Pentecostal Assemblies of the World]].
* [[Josephine R. Nichols]] (1838–1897), President, Indiana State [[Woman's Christian Temperance Union]]<ref name="TheIndianapolisNews1897">{{cite news |title=Josephine R. Nichols Dead. |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-indianapolis-news-josephine-r-nicho/141865159/ |access-date=22 February 2024 |work=The Indianapolis News |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |date=9 April 1897 |page=5 |language=en}} {{Source-attribution}} {{Open access}}</ref>
* [[Alexander Ralston]], surveyor who designed the original plan of Indianapolis in 1821.<ref>Sanford, p. 23.</ref>
===Fictional interment===
In the book ''[[The Fault in Our Stars]]'', as well as [[The Fault in Our Stars (film)|the movie adaptation of the same name]], the love interest Augustus Waters is buried at Crown Hill in a gravesite facing 38th Street.<ref name="TFioS">{{cite news |last1=Lindquist |first1=David |title=John Green looked to Indy sites for 'TFIOS' settings |url=https://www.indystar.com/story/entertainment/movies/2014/06/01/john-green-indianapolis/9805033/ |access-date=4 May 2021 |work=The Indianapolis Star |archive-date=August 3, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210803011112/https://www.indystar.com/story/entertainment/movies/2014/06/01/john-green-indianapolis/9805033/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
==Gallery==
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