Sea of Japan: Difference between revisions

| hiragana = {{linktext|に|ほ|ん|か|い}}

| nkhangul = {{linktext|조선|동|해동해}}

| nkhanja = {{linktext|朝鮮|東|海}}

| skhangul = {{linktext|동|해동해}}

| skhanja = {{linktext|東|海}}

The '''Sea of Japan''' {{crossref |([[#Names|see below]] for other names)}} is the [[marginal sea]] between the [[Japanese archipelago]], [[Sakhalin]], the [[Korean Peninsula]], and the mainland of the [[Russian Far East]]. The Japanese archipelago separates the sea from the [[Pacific Ocean]]. Like the [[Mediterranean Sea]], it has almost no [[tide]]s due to its nearly complete enclosure from the Pacific Ocean.<ref name="tides">{{cite web|url=http://www.ssc.erc.msstate.edu/Tides2D/sea_of_japan.html |title=Tides in Marginal, Semi-Enclosed and Coastal Seas – Part I: Sea Surface Height |publisher=ERC-Stennis at Mississippi State University |access-date=2 February 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040318165044/http://www.ssc.erc.msstate.edu/Tides2D/sea_of_japan.html |archive-date=18 March 2004 }}</ref> This isolation also affects faunal diversity and [[salinity]], both of which are lower than in the open ocean. The sea has no large islands, bays or capes. Its water balance is mostly determined by the inflow and outflow through the straits connecting it to the neighboring seas and the Pacific Ocean. Few rivers discharge into the sea and their total contribution to the water exchange is within 1%.

The sea is called {{lang|ja-Latn|Nihon kai}} ({{lang|ja|日本海}}, literally 'Japan Sea') in Japan, {{lang|zh-Latn|Rìběn hǎi}} ({{lang|zh|日本海}}, 'Japan Sea') or originally {{lang|zh-Latn|Jīng hǎi}} ({{lang|zh|鲸海}}, 'Whale Sea') in China,<ref name=鲸海>2006. [http://www.360doc.com/content/16/1124/07/18841360_609063920.shtml “鲸海”这个名字如何改成了“日本海”] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170828012235/http://www.360doc.com/content/16/1124/07/18841360_609063920.shtml |date=2017-08-28 }}. Retrieved on 7 March 2017</ref> {{lang|ru-Latn|Yaponskoye more}} ({{lang|ru|Японское море}}, 'Japanese Sea') in Russia, {{langtransliteration|ko-KP|script=Latn|Chosŏn Tonghae}} ({{lang|ko-KP|조선동해}}, literally 'Korean East Sea') in [[North Korea]], and {{langtransliteration|ko-KR|script=Latn|Donghae}} ({{lang|ko-KR|동해}}, literally 'East Sea') in [[South Korea]].

The primary issue in the dispute revolves around a disagreement about when the name "Sea of Japan" became the international standard. Japan claims the term has been the international standard since at least the early 19th century,<ref name="Basic Position">{{cite web |url=http://www1.kaiho.mlit.go.jp/GIJUTSUKOKUSAI/nihonkai/position_eng.htm |title=Japanese Basic Position on the Naming of the "Japan Sea" |publisher=[[Japan Coast Guard]] |date=1 March 2005 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110524092704/http://www1.kaiho.mlit.go.jp/GIJUTSUKOKUSAI/nihonkai/position_eng.htm |archive-date=24 May 2011}}</ref> while the Koreas claim that the term "Sea of Japan" arose later while [[Korea under Japanese rule|Korea was under Japanese rule]], and before that occupation, other names such as "Sea of Korea" or "East Sea" were used in English.<ref name="legitimacy">{{cite web |title=Legitimacy for Restoring the Name East Sea |url=http://www.mofat.go.kr/english/political/images/res/east_sea.pdf |publisher=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (South Korea)|Republic of Korea Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade]] |access-date=28 September 2010 }}</ref> The sea is referred to as the Sea of Japan according to the ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sea of Japan {{!}} sea, Pacific Ocean |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Sea-of-Japan |access-date=7 April 2021 |website=[[Encyclopedia Britannica]] |language=en }}</ref> In 2012, the [[International Hydrographic Organization]] (IHO), the intergovernmental organization that maintains a publication listing the limits of ocean and sea areas around the world, abandoned its most recent of several attempts in the last 25 years to revise its publication of the sea's name. This was primarily because of the lack of agreement between the Koreas and Japan over the naming issue.<ref>{{cite news |agency=[[Kyodo News]] |title=IHO nixes 'East Sea' name bid |work=[[Japan Times]] |date=28 April 2012 |page=2 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.stripes.com/news/pacific/korea/agency-rejects-south-korea-s-request-to-rename-sea-of-japan-1.175687 |title=Agency rejects South Korea's request to rename Sea of Japan |last1=Rabiroff |first1=Jon |author2=Yoo Kyong Chang |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160920033907/http://www.stripes.com/news/pacific/korea/agency-rejects-south-korea-s-request-to-rename-sea-of-japan-1.175687 |archive-date=2016-09-20 |work=[[Stars and Stripes (newspaper)|Stars and Stripes]] |date=27 April 2012 |page=5 }}</ref> In September 2020, the IHO announced that it would adopt a new numerical system, also known as "S-130". In November 2020, S-23, the previous version of the nautical chart made in 1953 will be made public as an IHO publication to demonstrate the evolutionary process from the analogue to the digital era. The IHO approved the proposal of the new official nautical chart. The new chart will be marked with a numerical identifier without a name.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 November 2020 |title=2nd Session of the IHO Assembly (Report of Proceeding) |url=https://iho.int/en/periodic-publications |access-date=9 December 2021 |publisher=[[International Hydrographic Organization]] }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=18 November 2020 |title=2nd Session of the IHO Assembly (November 2020) Report of Proceedings Volume 1 |url=https://iho.int/uploads/user/pubs/periodical/P6A2_2020_Vol1_ENG.pdf |access-date=9 December 2021 |publisher=[[International Hydrographic Organization]] }}</ref>

* [https://www.mofa.go.jp/policy/maritime/japan/index.html "The Issue of Name 'Sea of Japan{{'"}}], [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Japan)|MOFA, Japan]], 7 February 2017.