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'''Patrick Charles Eugene Boone'''<ref>{{cite book |title=Current Biography Yearbook |year=1959 |publisher=The H.W. Wilson Company |location=New York}}</ref> (born June 1, 1934) is an American singer, actor, television personality and composer.
According to ''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'', Boone was the
As an author, Boone had a number-one bestseller in the 1950s (''[['Twixt Twelve and Twenty (book)|<nowiki/>'Twixt Twelve and Twenty]]'', Prentice-Hall). In the 1960s he focused on [[gospel music]]. Later he became a member of the [[Gospel Music Hall of Fame]]. He continues to perform and speak as a motivational speaker, a television personality, and a [[Political conservative|conservative]] political commentator.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Moore |first1=Scotty |date=2002 |title=Brooklyn School Auditorium |url=http://www.scottymoore.net/brooklynoh.html |access-date=April 8, 2021}}</ref>
== Early life ==
Boone was born on June 1, 1934, in [[Jacksonville, Florida]], the son of Margaret Virginia (née Pritchard) and Archie Altman Boone. He grew up in [[Nashville, Tennessee|Nashville]], where his family moved when he was two years old. Pat Boone graduated in 1952 from [[Lipscomb Academy|David Lipscomb High School]] in Nashville. His younger brother Cecil (1935–2023), professionally known as [[Nick Todd]], was born a year later to the day,<ref name="obiNBoone">{{cite web |url=https://www.dignitymemorial.com/obituaries/nashville-tn/nick-boone-11118203|title=Obituary Nick Boone June 1, 1935 – January 20, 2023|date=|
[[File:Pat Boone's handprints, footprints, and signature in cement.JPG|right|thumb|250px|Boone's handprints and shoe prints in front of [[The Great Movie Ride]] at [[Disney World]]'s [[Disney's Hollywood Studios]]]]
In a 2007 interview on ''[[The 700 Club]]'', Boone claimed to be the great-great-great-great-grandson of the American pioneer [[Daniel Boone]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Woodland |first1=Shannon |last2=Ross |first2=Scott |name-list-style=amp |title=Between the Liner Notes: Pat Boone and the New American Revolution |url=http://www.cbn.com/cbnmusic/interviews/700club_patboone022007.aspx |publisher=[[Christian Broadcasting Network]] |access-date=May 7, 2007}}</ref>
In November 1953, when he was 19 years old, Boone married Chicago-born<ref>Ancestry Library Edition{{verify source|date=December 2022}}</ref> [[Tennessee]]an Shirley Lee Foley (April 24, 1934 – January 11, 2019<ref name="Shirley Boone death">{{cite news|last=Goldstein|first=Joelle|title=Pat Boone's Wife of 65 Years, Shirley, Dies: 'I've Parted with My Better Half for a Little While'|url=https://people.com/music/pat-boone-wife-shirley-dies-at-84|access-date=January 12, 2019|work=People|date=January 11, 2019}}</ref>), also 19 years old, daughter of country music great [[Red Foley]] and his wife, singer [[Judy Martin (singer)|Judy Martin]]. They had four daughters: [[Cherry Boone|Cheryl "Cherry" Lynn]], Linda "Lindy" Lee, [[Debby Boone|Deborah "Debby" Ann]], and Laura "Laury" Gene. Starting in the late 1950s, Boone and his family were residents of [[Teaneck, New Jersey]].<ref>Staff. [https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/boston/access/2068855972.html?FMT=CITE&FMTS=CITE:AI&type=historic&date=Jun+16%2C+1958&author=&pub=Daily+Boston+Globe+(1928-1960)&desc=Kings+for+A+Day&pqatl=google "Kings for A Day"], {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121107213618/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/boston/access/2068855972.html?FMT=CITE&FMTS=CITE:AI&type=historic&date=Jun+16%2C+1958&author=&pub=Daily+Boston+Globe+(1928-1960)&desc=Kings+for+A+Day&pqatl=google |date=November 7, 2012}} ''[[The Boston Globe]]'', June 16, 1958. Retrieved March 30, 2011. "Singer Pat Boone and family leave Leonia, NJ home for church. Front, Cherry, 3 1/2; Debbie, 1 1/2, and Linda, 2 1/2."</ref> Shirley Boone was a lesser-known recording artist and television personality than her husband. She also founded a hunger-relief Christian ministry that evolved into [[Mercy Corps]].<ref name="Shirley Boone death" /> She died in 2019, aged 84, at the couple's Beverly Hills home from complications from [[vasculitis]], which she had contracted less than a year earlier.<ref name="Shirley Boone death" />▼
Pat primarily attended David Lipscomb College, and later [[Lipscomb University]] in Nashville. He graduated in 1958 from [[Columbia University School of General Studies]] ''[[Latin honors|magna cum laude]]''<ref>Gerstenzang, Peter. "Pat 'n Leather", ''Columbia'', Winter 2007–2008.</ref> having previously attended North Texas State University, now known as the [[University of North Texas]], in [[Denton, Texas]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.dentonrc.com/local-news/education/higher-education-headlines/20110906-fond-memories-prompt-boone-to-appear-at-unt.ece|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151123102744/http://www.dentonrc.com/local-news/education/higher-education-headlines/20110906-fond-memories-prompt-boone-to-appear-at-unt.ece|url-status=dead|archive-date=November 23, 2015|title=Fond memories prompt Boone to appear at UNT – Higher Education|work=Denton Record-Chronicle|date=September 6, 2011}}</ref>
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== Career ==
=== Music ===
Boone began his career by performing in Nashville's [[Centennial Park (Nashville)|Centennial Park]].<ref name="Kingsport Evans Music City">{{cite news|last1=Evans|first1=Jim|title='Music City' Tour Set Up|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/75318152/?terms=%22centennial%2Bpark%22|access-date=April 22, 2017|work=The Kingsport Times|date=July 16, 1964|page=11|location=Kingsport, Tennessee|via=[[Newspapers.com]]|url-access=registration |quote=The folks are shown where Pat Boone attended school and told how Pat got his start with the Sunday concerts in Centennial Park}}</ref> He began recording in April 1953 for Republic Records (not to be confused with [[Republic Records|the current label with that name]]), and by 1955, for [[Dot Records]]. His 1955 version of [[Fats Domino]]'s "[[Ain't That a Shame]]" was a hit. This set the stage for the early part of Boone's career, which focused on covering
A number-one single in 1956 by Boone was a second cover and a revival of a then seven-year-old song "[[I Almost Lost My Mind]]", by [[Ivory Joe Hunter]], which was originally covered by another Black star, [[Nat King Cole]]. According to an opinion poll of high-school students in 1957, the singer was nearly the "two-to-one favorite over Elvis Presley among boys and preferred almost three-to-one by girls ..."<ref>See the statistics in Ennis, Philip H., ''The Seventh Stream: The Emergence of Rocknroll in American Popular Music'' (Wesleyan University Press, 1992), pp. 251–52</ref> During the late 1950s, he made regular appearances on ABC-TV's ''[[Ozark Jubilee]]'', hosted by his father-in-law. He cultivated a safe, wholesome, advertiser-friendly image that won him a long-term product endorsement contract from [[General Motors]] during the late 1950s, lasting through the 1960s. He succeeded [[The Dinah Shore Chevy Show|Dinah Shore]] singing the praises of the GM product: "See the USA in your Chevrolet ... drive your Chevrolet through the USA, America's the greatest land of all!" GM had also sponsored ''The Pat Boone Chevy Showroom''.
Many of Boone's hit singles were covers of hits from Black Rock and Roll artists. These included: "Ain't That a Shame" by Fats Domino; "[[Tutti Frutti (song)|Tutti Frutti]]" and "[[Long Tall Sally]]" by [[Little Richard]];<ref name="Show 6">{{cite web|url=https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc19752/m1|title=Show 6 – Hail, Hail, Rock 'n' Roll: The rock revolution gets underway|website=Digital.library.unt.edu |date=March 16, 1969|access-date=September 20, 2010}}</ref> "[[At My Front Door|At My Front Door (Crazy Little Mama)]]" by [[The El Dorados]]; and the [[blues ballad]]s "[[I Almost Lost My Mind]]" by [[Ivory Joe Hunter]], "I'll be Home" by [[the Flamingos]] and "[[Don't Forbid Me]]" by [[Charles Singleton (songwriter)|Charles Singleton]]. Boone has been highlighted as an example of [[Whitewashing in film|whitewashing]] by taking songs by black artists and sanitizing them to make them more palatable for a white audience, denying exposure to these black artists.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://faroutmagazine.co.uk/the-whitewashing-of-black-music-five-singles-made-popular-by-white-artists/|title=The whitewashing of Black music: Five singles made popular by white artist|date=August 11, 2021 |work=Far Out magazine|
Boone also wrote the lyrics for the instrumental theme song for the movie ''[[Exodus (1960 film)|Exodus]]'', which he titled "This Land Is Mine". ([[Ernest Gold (composer)|Ernest Gold]] had composed the music.)
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As a conservative Christian, Boone declined certain songs and movie roles that he felt might compromise his beliefs—including a role with sex symbol [[Marilyn Monroe]]. In one of his first films, ''April Love'', the director, [[Henry Levin (film director)|Henry Levin]], wanted him to give co-star [[Shirley Jones]] a kiss (which was not in the script). Since this would be his first onscreen kiss, Boone said that he wanted to talk to his wife first, to make sure it was all right with her.<ref>{{cite web|last=King|first=Susan|title=A Pat Boone kiss-and-tell|url=http://articles.latimes.com/2010/aug/11/entertainment/la-et-classic-hollywood-20100811|work=Los Angeles Times|date=August 11, 2010 |access-date=June 15, 2012}}</ref> He had his own film production company, Cooga Mooga Productions.<ref name="Cooga">{{cite news|title=Boone to Expand, Buys Two Stories: West Claims Hugh Marlowe; Big Brother's '1984' to Stage |author=Scheuer, Philip K.|work=Los Angeles Times|date=October 11, 1960|page=23}}</ref>
He appeared as a regular performer on ''[[Arthur Godfrey and His Friends]]'' from 1955 through 1957, and later hosted his own ''The Pat Boone Chevy Showroom'', on Thursday evenings. In 1959, Boone's likeness was licensed to [[DC Comics]], first appearing in ''[[Superman's Girl Friend, Lois Lane]]'' No. 9 (May 1959) before starring in his own series from the publisher, which lasted for five issues from September 1959 to May 1960.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://comicvine.gamespot.com/pat-boone-1/4000-56483/|title=Pat Boone No. 1 (Issue)|website=Comic Vine|access-date=March 20, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Cowsill |first1=Alan |last2=Irvine |first2=Alex |last3=Manning |first3=Matthew K. |last4=McAvennie |first4=Michael |last5=Wallace |first5=Daniel |title=DC Comics Year By Year: A Visual Chronicle |date=2019 |publisher=DK Publishing |isbn=978-1-4654-8578-6 |page=89}}</ref> In the early 1960s, he began writing a series of self-help books for adolescents, including ''[['Twixt Twelve and Twenty (book)|'Twixt Twelve and Twenty]]''. The [[British Invasion]] ended Boone's career as a hitmaker, though he continued recording throughout the 1960s. In 1966, he participated in the [[Sanremo Music Festival]] in Italy, performing the songs ''Mai mai mai Valentina'' alongside [[Giorgio Gaber]] and ''Se tu non
In the 1970s, he switched to [[Gospel music|gospel]] and [[Country music|country]], and continued performing in other media as well. In the 1960s and 1970s the Boone family toured as gospel singers and made gospel albums, such as ''The Pat Boone Family'' and ''The Family Who Prays''.<ref name="Larkin" />
[[File:Pat & Debby Boone.jpg|thumb|Pat and Debby Boone singing to a fan in
In the early 1970s, Boone founded the record label [[Lamb & Lion Records]]. It featured artists such as Pat, the Pat Boone Family, [[Debby Boone]], [[Dan Peek]], [[DeGarmo and Key]], and Dogwood.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mymusicway.com/labels/lamblion.html |title=Lamb & Lion Records|website=Mymusicway.com|access-date=September 20, 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071221183017/http://www.mymusicway.com/labels/lamblion.html|archive-date=December 21, 2007}}</ref> In 1974, Boone was signed to the [[Motown]] country subsidiary Melodyland.<ref>"[https://books.google.com/books?id=swcEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA3 Motown Unveils a Country Wing: Pat Boone Signs]", ''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]''. October 26, 1974. p. 3. Retrieved March 17, 2021.</ref>
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=== Later work ===
[[File:Pat Boone by Gage Skidmore.jpg|thumb|right|Boone at [[Conservative Political Action Conference|CPAC]] in February 2011]]
In 1994, Pat Boone played the title role in ''The Will Rogers Follies'' in [[Branson, Missouri|Branson]],
In 1997, Boone released ''[[In a Metal Mood: No More Mr. Nice Guy]]'', a collection of [[heavy metal music|heavy metal]] [[cover version|covers]].<ref name="Larkin">{{cite book|title=The Virgin Encyclopedia of Popular Music|editor=Colin Larkin|editor-link=Colin Larkin (writer)|publisher=[[Virgin Books]]|date=1997|edition=Concise|isbn=1-85227-745-9|page=165/6|title-link=Encyclopedia of Popular Music}}</ref> To promote the album, he appeared at the [[American Music Award]]s in black leather. He was then dismissed from ''Gospel America'', a TV show on the [[Trinity Broadcasting Network]]. After making a special appearance on TBN with the president of the network, [[Paul Crouch]], and his pastor, Jack Hayford, many fans accepted his explanation of the leather outfit being a "parody of himself". Trinity Broadcasting then reinstated him, and ''Gospel America'' was brought back.<ref name="Pat" />
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In 2003, the Nashville [[Gospel Music Association]] recognized his gospel recording work by inducting him into its [[Gospel Music Hall of Fame]]. In September 2006, Boone released ''We Are Family: R&B Classics'', featuring cover versions of 11 R&B hits, including the title track, plus "Papa's Got A Brand New Bag", "Soul Man", "Get Down Tonight", "A Woman Needs Love", and six other classics.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/we-are-family-r-b-classics-mw0000459865|title=We Are Family: R&B Classics – Pat Boone |website=[[AllMusic]]|access-date=October 17, 2019}}</ref>
In 2010, plans were announced for the Pat Boone Family Theater at [[Broadway at the Beach]] in [[Myrtle Beach, South Carolina]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thesunnews.com/2010/12/31/1895168/boone-boom-set-for-spring.html|title=Pat Boone Family Theater replaces NASCAR café in Myrtle Beach|last=Spring|first=Jake|work=[[The Sun News]]|date=December 31, 2010|access-date=December 31, 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130204032723/http://www.thesunnews.com/2010/12/31/1895168/boone-boom-set-for-spring.html|archive-date=February 4, 2013}}</ref> The attraction was never built.<ref name=":2">{{cite news|title=Hollywood Wax Museum on track for summer debut in Myrtle Beach|last=Bryant|first=Dawn|work=[[The Sun News]]|date=January 13, 2014}}</ref>
In 2011, Boone acted as a spokesperson for Security One Lending, a reverse mortgage company.<ref name=":3">{{Cite AV media
In 2023 Boone, at 89, is one of the guest vocalists on ''[[Born to
== Personal life ==
▲In November 1953, when he was 19 years old, Boone married Chicago-born
=== Religion ===
Boone grew up in the [[Churches of Christ|Church of Christ]].<ref name="religion">{{cite web|title=The religion of Pat Boone, singer|url=http://www.adherents.com/people/pb/Pat_Boone.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050731090423/http://www.adherents.com/people/pb/Pat_Boone.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 31, 2005|website=Adherents.com|access-date=June 6, 2010}}</ref> In the 1960s, Boone's marriage to Shirley Foley nearly came to an end because of his use of alcohol and his preference for attending parties. However, after coming into contact with the [[Charismatic Movement]], Shirley began to focus more on her religion and eventually influenced Pat and their daughters to have a similar religious focus.<ref>{{cite book|last=Neitz|first=Mary Jo|title=Charisma and Community: A Study of Religious Commitment Within the Charismatic Renewal|year=1987|publisher=Transaction Publishers|location=New Brunswick NJ|isbn=978-0-88738-130-0|page=76|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KrUr2ydLiwAC}}</ref> At the time they attended the Inglewood Church of Christ in [[Inglewood, California]].
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=== Politics ===
At a 1961 gathering at [[Pepperdine College]], Pat Boone said, "I would rather see my four girls shot and die as little girls who have faith in God than leave them to die some years later as godless, faithless, soulless communists."<ref>{{cite web |title=Kristin Kobes Du Mez > Quotes |website=[[Goodreads]] |url=https://www.goodreads.com/author/quotes/20374247.Kristin_Kobes_Du_Mez?page=5 |postscript=,}} quoting from {{cite book |author=Kristin Kobes Du Mez |authorlink=Kristin Kobes Du Mez |title=Jesus and John Wayne: How White Evangelicals Corrupted a Faith and Fractured a Nation |year=2020 |publisher=WW Norton |isbn=9781631495731}}</ref
Boone supported [[Barry Goldwater]] in the [[1964 United States presidential election]].<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QfHXAAAAQBAJ&q=pat%20boone |title=When Hollywood Was Right: How Movie Stars, Studio Moguls, and Big Business Remade American Politics| isbn=9781107650282| last1=Critchlow| first1=Donald T.| date=October 21, 2013|publisher=Cambridge University Press }}</ref>
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In the 2007 Kentucky gubernatorial election, Boone campaigned unsuccessfully for incumbent [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] [[Ernie Fletcher]] with a recorded automated telephone message stating that the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]] candidate [[Steve Beshear]] would support "every homosexual cause." As part of the campaign, Boone asked, "Now do you want a governor who'd like Kentucky to be another San Francisco?"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tpmelectioncentral.com/2007/11/kentucky_gop_pushing_antigay_message_in_final_days_of_gov_race.php|title=Kentucky GOP Pushing Anti-Gay Message in Final Days Of Gov Race|work=TPM Election Central|first=Eric|last=Kleefeld|date=November 4, 2007|access-date=November 5, 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071105172656/http://tpmelectioncentral.com/2007/11/kentucky_gop_pushing_antigay_message_in_final_days_of_gov_race.php|archive-date=November 5, 2007}}</ref> On August 29, 2009, Boone wrote an article comparing American political liberalism to cancer, likening it to "black filthy cells".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://uproxx.com/music/pat-boone-obamas-birth-certificate-will-be-proven-as-fake-by-september/|title=Pat Boone: 'Obama's Birth Certificate Will Be Proven As Fake By September'|date=June 26, 2014|website=Uproxx.com|access-date=January 22, 2019}}</ref>
In December 2009, Boone endorsed conservative Republican John Wayne Tucker's campaign in [[Missouri's 3rd congressional district]] against incumbent [[Russ Carnahan]] (D) in the 2010 midterm elections.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://johnwaynetucker.com/congress/campaign_endorsements.html|title=Pat Boone Endorses John Wayne Tucker for Congress|date=December 15, 2009|website=JohnWayneTucker.com|access-date=January 26, 2011}}</ref> In 2010, Boone endorsed Republican Clayton Trotter in the race for [[Texas's 20th congressional district]] with an ad campaign referencing his song "[[Speedy Gonzales (song)|Speedy Gonzales]]", about [[Speedy Gonzales|the Looney Tunes character]], which critics have characterized as offensive stereotypes.<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://www.mysanantonio.com/news/local_news/article/Trotter-s-campaign-ad-had-to-be-an-inside-job-735873.php|title=Trotter's campaign ad had to be an inside job|author=Greg Jefferson|date=October 28, 2010|journal=San Antonio Express
In June 2016, Boone, along with [[Mike Huckabee]] and executive producer Troy Duhon, all of whom were involved in the film ''[[God's Not Dead 2]]'', sent a letter to
=== Basketball ===
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When the [[American Basketball Association]] began, Boone became the majority owner of the league's team in [[Oakland, California]], on February 2, 1967.<ref name="Remember the ABA" /> The team was first named the Oakland Americans, but was renamed the [[Oakland Oaks (ABA)|Oakland Oaks]], the name under which it played from 1967 to 1969.<ref name="Remember the ABA" /> The Oaks won the [[1969 ABA Playoffs|1969 ABA championship]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.remembertheaba.com/PlayoffPages/1969Playoffs.html|title=1968–69 ABA Regular Season Standings|work=Remember the ABA|access-date=November 10, 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071017202704/http://remembertheaba.com/PlayoffPages/1969Playoffs.html|archive-date=October 17, 2007}}</ref>
Despite the Oaks' success on the court, the team had severe financial problems. By August 1969, the [[Bank of America]] was threatening to foreclose on a $1.2
Boone later played for the Virginia Creepers, an 80–84 age group [[Senior Olympics]] team that narrowly lost to the gold medal-winning team; Boone aged out (by turning 85) on June 1, 2019.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nsga-results.fusesport.com/ladder.asp?id=154999&seasonid=285|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614055042/https://nsga-results.fusesport.com/ladder.asp?id=154999&seasonid=285|archive-date=June 14, 2007|title=NSGA Basketball Results|work=NSGA|access-date=November 10, 2007}}</ref>
== Artistry and influence ==
==Discography==▼
During his career, he performed many [[musical genres]] such as [[Pop music|pop]], [[country music]], [[rock and roll]], [[Rhythm and blues|R&B]], [[Gospel music|gospel]] and [[Soul music|soul]].<ref name=":3" /> His vocal style was similar to many [[crooner]]s of his time like [[Frank Sinatra]] and [[Perry Como]], despite that, he wasn't a [[baritone]] like them, instead he had a [[tenor]] voice. He was also popular for his wide vocal range.<ref name="Larkin" />
Pat Boone is one of the most prolific artists of all time with nearly 2,600 recorded songs.<ref name=":2" />
▲== Discography ==
{{Main|Pat Boone discography}}
'''Studio albums'''
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[[Category:Singer-songwriters from Tennessee]]
[[Category:Singer-songwriters from Florida]]
[[Category:American anti-communists]]
[[Category:Actors from Teaneck, New Jersey]]
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