Content deleted Content added
Egrabczewski (talk | contribs) |
made it consistent with first sentence |
||
| (9 intermediate revisions by 5 users not shown) | |||
Line 1:
{{Short description|Russian writer
{{Redirect2|Tolstoy|Lev Tolstoy|other uses|Tolstoy (disambiguation)|and|Lev Tolstoy (disambiguation)}}
{{family name hatnote|Nikolayevich|Tolstoy|lang=Eastern Slavic}}
Line 15:
| birth_place = [[Yasnaya Polyana]], [[Tula Governorate]], Russian Empire
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1910|11|20|1828|09|09|df=y}}
| death_place =
| resting_place = Yasnaya Polyana
| occupation = {{cslist|Writer|religious thinker}}
Line 42:
== Origins ==
{{main|Tolstoy family}}
The [[Tolstoy family|Tolstoys]] were a well-known family of old [[Russian nobility]] who traced their ancestry to a mythical<ref name="Barlett 2011 14">{{cite book |last=Bartlett |first=Rosamund |year=2011 |title=[[Tolstoy: A Russian Life]] |publisher=Houghton Mifflin Harcourt |page=14 |isbn=978-0547545875}}</ref> nobleman named Indris described by [[Pyotr Andreyevich Tolstoy|Pyotr Tolstoy]] as arriving "from Nemec, from the lands of
Because of the pagan names and the fact that Chernigov at the time was ruled by [[Demetrius I Starshy]], some researchers concluded that they were [[Lithuanians]] who arrived from the [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania]].<ref name='rummel' /><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7kDJ3s1mcZcC&q=tolstoy+lithuanian&pg=PA8|title=Tolstoy|isbn=978-0-8021-3768-5|last1=Troyat|first1=Henri|year=2001|publisher=Grove Press|access-date=23 October 2020|archive-date=22 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240322204938/https://books.google.com/books?id=7kDJ3s1mcZcC&q=tolstoy+lithuanian&pg=PA8#v=snippet&q=tolstoy%20lithuanian&f=false|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1983/11/06/books/six-centuries-of-tolstoys.html|title=Six Centuries of Tolstoys|date=6 November 1983|newspaper=The New York Times|last1=Robinson|first1=Harlow|access-date=10 February 2017|archive-date=21 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170421203216/http://www.nytimes.com/1983/11/06/books/six-centuries-of-tolstoys.html|url-status=live}}</ref> At the same time, no mention of Indris was ever found in the 14th-to-16th-century documents, while the [[Old Russian Chronicles|Chernigov Chronicles]] used by Pyotr Tolstoy as a reference were lost.<ref name='rummel' /> The first documented members of the Tolstoy family also lived during the 17th century, thus Pyotr Tolstoy himself is generally considered the founder of the noble house, being granted the title of [[count]] by [[Peter the Great]].<ref>[https://gerbovnik.ru/arms/162.html Tolstoy coat of arms] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171212193058/https://gerbovnik.ru/arms/162.html |date=12 December 2017 }} by All-Russian Armorials of Noble Houses of the Russian Empire. Part 2, 30 June 1798 (in Russian)</ref><ref>[https://ru.wikisource.org/wiki/ЭСБЕ/Толстые The Tolstoys] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170106175830/https://ru.wikisource.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%A1%D0%91%D0%95/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B5 |date=6 January 2017 }} article from [[Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary]], 1890–1907 (in Russian)</ref>
Line 222:
''[[The Death of Ivan Ilyich]]'' was adapted by [[Akira Kurosawa]] as ''[[Ikiru]]'' (1952).<ref>{{cite journal |last=Simone |first=R. Thomas |date=1975 |title=The Mythos of "The Sickness Unto Death" Kurosawa's "Ikiru" and Tolstoy's "The Death of Ivan Ilyich" |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/43795380 |journal=Literature/Film Quarterly |volume=3 |pages=2-12 |access-date=April 27, 2024}}</ref> It was also the basis for ''[[Living (2022 film)| Living]]'' (2022), with a screenplay by [[Kazuo Ishiguro]].
In the ''[[George Lucas]]'' television show, ''[[The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles]]'', later retitled ''The Adventures of Young Indiana'' Jones, a fictional Tolstoy appears as a mentor figure and friend of [[Indiana Jones (character)|Indiana Jones]]. In the made for TV movie ''Travels with Father'' (1996), he is portrayed by [[Michael Gough]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Adventures of Young Indiana Jones: Travels with Father (1996) |url=https://www.avclub.com/film/reviews/the-adventures-of-young-indiana-jones-travels-with-father-1996 |access-date=2023-08-28 |website=The A.V. Club |language=en |archive-date=28 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230828223043/https://www.avclub.com/film/reviews/the-adventures-of-young-indiana-jones-travels-with-father-1996 |url-status=live }}</ref>
A 2009 film about Tolstoy's final year, ''[[The Last Station]]'', based on the 1990 novel by [[Jay Parini]], was made by director [[Michael Hoffman (American director)|Michael Hoffman]] with [[Christopher Plummer]] as Tolstoy and [[Helen Mirren]] as Sofya Tolstoya. Both performers were nominated for [[Academy Award|Oscars]] for their roles. There have been other films about the writer, including ''[[Departure of a Grand Old Man]]'', made in 1912 just two years after his death, ''How Fine, How Fresh the Roses Were'' (1913), and ''[[Lev Tolstoy (film)|Lev Tolstoy]]'', directed by and starring [[Sergei Gerasimov (film director)|Sergei Gerasimov]] in 1984.
Line 332:
[[Category:Children's writers from the Russian Empire]]
[[Category:Christian anarchists]]
[[Category:Christian
[[Category:Christianity and society|Vegetarianism]]
[[Category:Corresponding members of the Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences]]
Line 348 ⟶ 349:
[[Category:Members of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts]]
[[Category:Metaphysicians]]
[[Category:
[[Category:Nonviolence advocates]]
[[Category:Novelists from the Russian Empire]]
Line 369 ⟶ 370:
[[Category:Russian Christian pacifists]]
[[Category:Russian diarists]]
▲[[Category:Russian educators]]
[[Category:Russian Esperantists]]
[[Category:Russian historical novelists]]
Line 383:
[[Category:Russian vegetarianism activists]]
[[Category:Schoolteachers from the Russian Empire]]
[[Category:Social philosophers]]
[[Category:Tolstoy family|Leo]]
| |||