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{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}
{{Infobox officeholder
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| allegiance = {{flag|German Empire}}<br>{{flag|Nazi Germany}}
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[[World War II]]
| mawards = [[Iron Cross]]<br>[[Wound Badge]]-->| module = '''Criminal conviction'''{{Infobox criminal
|child = yes
|conviction = [[War crimes]]
| known_for = [[Lidice massacre]]
| trial =
| conviction_penalty = [[
| conviction_status = [[Executed]]
| victims =
|imprisoned =
|death_cause = [[Execution by hanging]]
}} ▼
}}
'''Kurt Max Franz Daluege'''<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=97-iPND1jdwC
[[Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia|Bohemia and Moravia]] from 1942 to 1943.
Daluege served in the [[Prussian Army]] during the [[World War I|First World War]] on both fronts. He was severely wounded and received the [[Iron Cross|Iron Cross Second Class]] for his bravery. After the war, he became a member of [[Gerhard Roßbach]]'s ''[[Freikorps]]''. In 1922, Daluege joined the [[Nazi Party]] and soon entered the service of the ''[[Sturmabteilung]]'' (SA), eventually becoming the SA leader in Berlin. He transferred to the SS in 1930 and was later elected as a ''[[Reichstag (Weimar Republic)|Reichstag]]'' deputy. In 1933, [[Hermann Göring]] appointed Daluege to the Prussian Interior Ministry and placed him in charge of the Prussian police forces. In that role, he played an important role in carrying out the [[Night of the Long Knives]], in which [[Ernst Röhm]] and other leading member of the SA were purged. By late 1934, his authority was extended to include all of Germany, and two years later [[Heinrich Himmler]] named him chief of the ''Ordnungspolizei'' (Orpo) following the reorganisation of the German police force.
By the outbreak of the [[World War II|Second World War]], Daluege's Orpo had as many as 120,000 active-duty personnel. The organisation took part in policing, deportations and mass murder throughout [[German-occupied Europe|German-occupied areas]] and had an integral role in carrying out the [[The Holocaust|Holocaust]]. Following [[Reinhard Heydrich]]'s assassination in 1942, Daluege was named Deputy Protector of Bohemia and Moravia and directed the German reprisal actions, including the [[Lidice massacre]]. At the end of the war, Daluege was arrested and extradited to Czechoslovakia, where he was tried and convicted for [[crimes against humanity]]. He was sentenced to death and executed by hanging in October 1946.
▲'''Kurt Max Franz Daluege'''<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=97-iPND1jdwC&pg=PA145&lpg=PA145&dq=%22Kurt+Max+Franz+Daluege%22&source=bl&ots=iRkSaWMfrJ&sig=1XMD4NbZ3kSV4RpHxLFNnevCupU&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiY2d2IxZnZAhUOsBQKHT-yDOkQ6AEIcTAI#v=onepage&q=%22Kurt%20Max%20Franz%20Daluege%22&f=false Bert Hoppe and Hildrun Glass: Sowjetunion mit annektierten Gebieten I: Besetzte sowjetische Gebiete unter deutscher Militärverwaltung, Baltikum und Transnistrien, page 145], ''Die Verfolgung und Ermordung der europäischen Juden durch das nationasozialistische Deutschland 1933-1945'' Band 7, Oldenbourg Verlag, München 2011</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=vQAxDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA219&lpg=PA219&dq=%22Kurt+Max+Franz+Daluege%22&source=bl&ots=DD_VuL0_dV&sig=dVHy2HVv_ml8VRra3sevJ-Zgjc0&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi66Mb7xZnZAhVK1xQKHREND0Q4ChDoAQg5MAc#v=onepage&q=%22Kurt%20Max%20Franz%20Daluege%22&f=false Kurt F. Rosenberg: "Einer, der nicht mehr dazugehört": Tagebücher 1933-1937, page 219], Wallstein Verlag, Göttingen 2012</ref> (15 September 1897 – 24 October 1946) was chief of the national uniformed ''[[Ordnungspolizei]]'' (Order Police) of [[Nazi Germany]]. Following [[Reinhard Heydrich]]'s assassination in 1942, he served as Deputy Protector for the [[Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia]]. Daluege directed the German measures of retribution for the assassination, including the [[Lidice massacre]]. After the end of World War II, he was extradited to Czechoslovakia, tried, convicted and executed in 1946.{{sfn|Stackelberg|2007|p=189}}
==Early life and career==
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==1920s==
After World War I, Daluege became leader of ''Selbstschutz Oberschlesien'' (SSOS) - Upper Silesian Self Defense — an Upper Silesian veterans' organization engaged in combat with the Poles in that region. In 1921, he also became active in the ''[[Freikorps]]'' ''[[Gerhard Roßbach|Rossbach]]'' while studying engineering at
==SS and police leader==
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In July 1930, in accordance with [[Hitler]]'s wishes, Daluege resigned from the SA and joined the [[Schutzstaffel|SS]] with the rank of SS-''[[Oberführer]]'' and membership number 1,119.{{sfn|Miller|2006|p=215}} His main responsibility was to spy on the SA and political opponents of the Nazi Party.{{sfn|Longerich|2012|pp=133–134}} Berlin SS headquarters was strategically placed at the corner of Lützowstrasse and Potsdamerstrasse, opposite the SA headquarters.{{sfn|Koehl|2004|p=55}}
In August 1930, when Berlin SA leader [[Walter Stennes]] had his men attack the Berlin Party headquarters, it was Daluege's SS men who defended it and put the attack down. Sometime afterwards in an open letter to Daluege, [[Adolf Hitler]] proclaimed ''"SS Mann, deine Ehre heißt Treue!"'' ("SS man, your honour is loyalty"). Then, the slogan "[[Meine Ehre heißt Treue]]" (My honour is loyalty) was duly adopted by the SS as its motto.{{sfn|Weale|2012|pp=59–61}} Hitler promoted both Daluege and [[Heinrich Himmler]] to SS-''[[Obergruppenführer]]'', with Daluege the SS leader of northern Germany while Himmler controlled the southern SS units out of Munich in addition to serving as national leader for the entire SS.
In April 1932, Daluege Evidence of Daluege's ruthlessness goes beyond his intrigue against his former SA comrades, and is discernible in his remarks about anyone he considered a threat to society. He once argued that "the consciously asocial enemies of the people (''Volksfeinde'')" must be eliminated by state intervention "if it hopes to prevent the outbreak of complete moral degeneration."{{sfn|Rabinbach|Gilman|2013|p=335}} Historian George Browder claims that Daluege "bragged that the Police Institute for detective training had especially been reorganized according to NS viewpoints", and that advancement within this organization was contingent to a considerable degree on the internalization of Nazi ideology.{{sfn|Browder|1996|pp=99–100}}
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By November 1934, Daluege's authority over the uniformed police was extended beyond Prussia to include all of Germany.{{sfn|Weale|2012|p=86}} That meant he commanded municipal police forces, the rural gendarmerie, traffic police, the coastguard, the railway police, the postal protection service, fire brigades, the air-raid services, the emergency technical service, the broadcasting police, the factory protection police, building regulations enforcement, and the commercial police.{{sfn|Weale|2012|p=133}}
[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 121-0271, Krakau, Grundsteinlegung zu Polizeikaserne.jpg|thumb|right|267px|Daluege (right) in [[
In 1936, the entire German police force was reorganized with the administrative functions previously exercised by the now largely defunct federal states reassigned to the nominal control of the Reich Interior Ministry, but under the actual control of Himmler's SS.{{sfn|Longerich|2012|p=204}} Making the most of his police expertise and coinciding with his appointment, Daluege wrote and published a book entitled ''National-sozialistischer Kampf gegen das Verbrechertum'' (NS Struggle against Criminality).{{sfn|Zentner|Bedürftig|1991|p=180}} That same year, Himmler appointed Daluege as chief of the ''[[Ordnungspolizei]]'' (Orpo), which gave him administrative, though not executive, authority over most of the uniformed police in [[Nazi Germany]].{{sfn|Longerich|2012|p=240}}{{sfn|Bracher|1970|p=353}}{{sfn|MacDonald|1990|p=29}} He commanded the Orpo until 1943, rising to the [[SS rank|rank]] of ''SS-[[Oberst-Gruppenführer]] und [[Generaloberst]] der Polizei''.
[[Reinhard Heydrich]], who took control of the SiPo (Security Police) at the same time that Daluege took control of the Orpo, thought very little of Daluege, as he was a former rival in the early struggle for power, and was contemptuously referred to by Heydrich as 'Dummi-Dummi', or 'the idiot'. {{sfn|MacDonald|1990|p=175}}
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[[Image:Lidice CZ children of Lidice.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Memorial in the [[Czech Republic]] to children of [[Lidice Massacre|Lidice]] murdered on Daluege's orders]]
{{Main|Lidice massacre}}
In 1942 Daluege became the [[Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia|Deputy Protector of Bohemia and Moravia]], following the [[Operation Anthropoid|assassination]] of Deputy Protector [[Reinhard Heydrich]].{{sfn|Snyder|1994|p=61}}{{sfn|Bracher|1970|p=347}} There seemed to be
==Personal life==
On 16 October 1926, Daluege married Käthe Schwarz (born 23 November 1901) who later became a member of the Nazi Party (member no. 118,363).{{sfn|Miller|2006|p=225}} In 1937, Daluege and his wife adopted a son. Afterwards, Daluege's wife bore three biological children, two sons born in 1938 and 1940 and a daughter born in 1942.{{sfn|Miller|2006|p=225}}
In May 1943, Daluege became seriously ill after a massive [[myocardial infarction|heart attack]]. In August, he was relieved of all of his day-to-day responsibilities and spent the rest of the war living on a property in [[western Pomerania]], given to him by Hitler.{{sfn|McKale|2011|p=104}}
==Arrest, trial, conviction and sentence==
In May 1945, Daluege was arrested by British troops in [[Lübeck]] and interned in [[Luxembourg]] and then at [[Nuremberg]], where he was charged as "a major war criminal".{{sfn|Miller|2006|p=223}} In September 1946 after being extradited to [[Czechoslovakia]], he was tried for his many [[crimes against humanity]] committed in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia.{{sfn|Miller|2006|p=223}} Throughout his trial, Daluege was unrepentant, claiming he was beloved by "three million policemen", only [[Superior orders|following Hitler's orders]], and had a clear conscience.{{sfn|McKale|2011|pp=104–105}} He was convicted on all charges and sentenced to death on 23 October 1946. Daluege was hanged in [[Pankrác Prison|Pankrác prison]] in [[Prague]] on 24 October 1946.{{sfn|Snyder|1994|p=61}}<ref>Some sources state he was hanged on 23 October 1946. Miller (2006) p. 215; Zentner & Bedürftig (1991) p. 180.</ref>
==Summary of SS career==
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;Decorations
* [[Iron Cross]], second class (1918){{sfn|Miller|2006|p=224}}
* [[Wound Badge]] in Black (1918){{sfn|Miller|2006|p=224}}
* [[Golden Party Badge]] (1934){{sfn|Miller|2006|p=224}}
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'''Bibliography'''
* {{cite book | last = Bracher| first = Karl-Dietrich | title = The German Dictatorship: The Origins, Structure, and Effects of National Socialism | url = https://archive.org/details/germandictatorsh00brac| url-access = registration| year = 1970 | place = New York | publisher = Praeger Publishers |
* {{cite book | last = Browder | first = George | title = Hitler's Enforcers: The Gestapo and the SS Security Service in the Nazi Revolution | year = 1996 | place = Oxford and New York | publisher = Oxford University Press | isbn = 0-19-510479-X
* {{cite book | last= Höhne | first=Heinz | year=2001 | title= The Order of the Death's Head: The Story of Hitler's SS | location= New York | publisher= Penguin Press | isbn = 978-0-14-139012-3
* {{cite book | last = Koehl | first = Robert | title = The SS: A History 1919–45 | publisher = Tempus | location = Stroud | year = 2004 | isbn = 978-0-7524-2559-7
*
* {{cite book | last =
* {{cite book | last = McKale | first = Donald M | title = Nazis after Hitler: How Perpetrators of the Holocaust Cheated Justice and Truth | year = 2011 | place = Lanham, MD | publisher = Rowman & Littlefield | isbn = 978-1-4422-1316-6}}
* {{cite book | last1=MacDonald | first1=Callum | year=1990 | title= The Killing of SS Obergruppenführer Reinhard Heydrich | location= New York | publisher= Macmillan Publishing | isbn=0-02-034505-4}}
* {{cite book | last = Miller | first = Michael | title = Leaders of the SS and German Police, Vol. 1 | year = 2006 | publisher = R. James Bender Publishing | isbn = 93-297-0037-3
* {{cite book |last1=Rabinbach
* {{cite book | last =
* {{cite book | last =
* {{cite book
* {{cite book | last = Weale | first = Adrian | title = Army of Evil: A History of the SS | year = 2012 | place = New York | publisher = Caliber Printing | isbn = 978-0-451-23791-0}}
* Westermann, Edward B. "Friend and Helper: German uniformed police operations in Poland and the general government, 1939–1941." ''The Journal of Military History'' 58 no.4 (Oct 1994): 643.
* {{cite book | last = Wistrich | first = Robert | year = 2001 | title = Who's Who In Nazi Germany | location = New York | publisher = Routledge | isbn = 978-0-415-11888-0
* {{cite book | last1=Zentner | first1=Christian | last2=Bedürftig | first2 = Friedemann | year=1991 | title= [[The Encyclopedia of the Third Reich]] | location=
==External links==
* {{Commonscat-inline|Kurt Daluege}}
* {{Wikiquote-inline}}
* {{ReichstagDB|119510324}}
* {{PM20|FID=pe/003661}}
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{{succession box|before=[[Reinhard Heydrich]]<br>(Acting Protector)|title=[[List of rulers of the Protectorate Bohemia and Moravia|Deputy Protector of Bohemia and Moravia]]<br>(Acting Protector)|years=5 June 1942 – 24 August 1943|after=[[Wilhelm Frick]]<br>(Protector)}}
{{s-end}}
{{Generaloberst of the Third Reich|state=collapsed}}▼
{{Czechoslovakia in World War II}}
{{Rulers of Bohemia and Moravia}}
{{Authority control}}
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[[Category:1897 births]]
[[Category:1946 deaths]]
[[Category:Holocaust perpetrators in Poland]]▼
[[Category:Nazis convicted of war crimes]]▼
[[Category:People from Kluczbork]]▼
[[Category:People from the Province of Silesia]]▼
[[Category:Nazis executed by Czechoslovakia by hanging]]▼
[[Category:Executed German people]]▼
[[Category:Recipients of the Knights Cross of the War Merit Cross]]▼
[[Category:German people executed abroad]]▼
[[Category:20th-century Freikorps personnel]]
[[Category:Executed people from Opole Voivodeship]]
[[Category:German Army personnel of World War I]]
[[Category:Holocaust perpetrators in Austria]]▼
[[Category:Holocaust perpetrators in Czechoslovakia]]
[[Category:Holocaust perpetrators in Germany]]▼
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[[Category:Members of the Prussian State Council (Nazi Germany)]]
[[Category:Members of the Reichstag of Nazi Germany]]
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[[Category:People extradited from Germany]]
[[Category:People extradited to Czechoslovakia]]
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▲[[Category:People from the Province of Silesia]]
[[Category:Prussian Army personnel]]
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▲[[Category:Recipients of the Knights Cross of the War Merit Cross]]
[[Category:SS-Oberst-Gruppenführer]]
[[Category:
[[Category:
[[Category:
▲[[Category:Holocaust perpetrators in Germany]]
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