List of prime ministers of Italy: Difference between revisions

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Line 3: {{Use dmy dates\|date=July 2022}} {{multiple image \| perrow = 2 \| total_width = 300 \| image1 = Tuminello, Lodovico (1824-1907) - Cavour cropped.jpg \| width1 = 635 \| height1 = 800 \| image2 = ~~Benito~~ ~~Mussolini~~ ~~portrait~~ as ~~dictator~~ ~~(retouched)~~ = Mussolini biografia.jpg \| width2 = 1157 \| height2 = 1480 \| image3 = Silvio Berlusconi (2010) cropped.jpg \| width3 = 1845 \| height3 = 2484 \| image4 = Giorgia Meloni Official 2023 crop.jpg \| width4 = 1850 \| height4 = 2484 \| footer = {{bulleted list \|Top left: [[Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour]] was the first prime minister of the [[Kingdom of Italy]]. \|Top right: [[Benito Mussolini]] was the longest-serving prime minister in Italian history. \|Bottom left: [[Silvio Berlusconi]] was the longest-serving prime minister of the Italian Republic. \|Bottom right: [[Giorgia Meloni]] is the current prime minister of Italy as well as the first woman to hold the office.}} \| align = \| direction = \| alt1 = \| caption1 = \| caption2 = }} The [[prime minister of Italy]] is the head of the [[Council of Ministers (Italy)\|Council of Ministers]], which holds effective executive power in the [[Italian government]].<ref>{{cite web \|title=I Governi nelle Legislature \|url=https://www.governo.it/it/i-governi-dal-1943-ad-oggi/i-governi-nelle-legislature/192 \|website=www.governo.it \|access-date=15 November 2021 \|language=it \|date=9 November 2015 \|archive-date=15 November 2021 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211115052847/https://www.governo.it/it/i-governi-dal-1943-ad-oggi/i-governi-nelle-legislature/192 \|url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web \|title=La funzione del Presidente del Consiglio \|url=https://www.governo.it/it/il-governo-funzioni-struttura-e-storia/la-funzione-del-presidente-del-consiglio/188 \|website=www.governo.it \|access-date=15 November 2021 \|language=it \|date=9 November 2015 \|archive-date=15 November 2021 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211115052757/https://www.governo.it/it/il-governo-funzioni-struttura-e-storia/la-funzione-del-presidente-del-consiglio/188 \|url-status=live }}</ref> The first officeholder was [[Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour]], who was sworn in on 23 March 1861 after the [[unification of Italy]].<ref>{{cite web \|title=Cavour, Camillo Benso conte di nell'Enciclopedia Treccani \|url=https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/camillo-benso-conte-di-cavour/ \|website=www.treccani.it \|publisher=Enciclopedia Treccani \|access-date=15 November 2021 \|language=it-IT \|archive-date=29 October 2021 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211029202223/https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/camillo-benso-conte-di-cavour/ \|url-status=live }}</ref> Cavour previously served as [[List of prime ministers of the Kingdom of Sardinia\|Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Sardinia]], an office from which the Italian prime minister took most of its powers and duties.<ref name="Denis Mack Smith 1985">{{cite book \|last1=Mack Smith \|first1=Denis \|title=Cavour \|date=1985 \|publisher=Weidenfeld and Nicolson \|location=London \|isbn=9780297785125}}</ref> During the [[Monarchy of Italy\|monarchy period]], prime ministers were appointed by the [[king of Italy]], as laid down in the [[Albertine Statute]].<ref name=AlbStat>{{cite web\|title=Lo Statuto Albertino\|url=http://www.quirinale.it/allegati_statici/costituzione/Statutoalbertino.pdf\|publisher=The official website of the Presidency of the Italian Republic\|access-date=14 November 2021\|language=it\|archive-date=16 August 2018\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180816025611/http://www.quirinale.it/allegati_statici/costituzione/Statutoalbertino.pdf\|url-status=live}}</ref> From 1925 until [[Fall of the Fascist regime in Italy\|the fall of his regime]] in 1943, fascist dictator [[Benito Mussolini]] formally modified the office title to "Head of Government, Prime Minister and Secretary of State".<ref>{{cite web \|title=LEGGE 24 dicembre 1925, n. 2263-Normattiva \|url=https://www.normattiva.it/uri-res/N2Ls?urn:nir:stato:legge:1925-12-24;2263!vig= \|website=www.normattiva.it \|access-date=15 November 2021 \|language=it-IT \|archive-date=14 November 2021 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211114222732/https://www.normattiva.it/uri-res/N2Ls?urn:nir:stato:legge:1925-12-24;2263!vig= \|url-status=live }}</ref> From 1861 to 1946, 30 men served as prime ministers, leading 67 governments in total.<ref>{{cite web \|title=I Presidenti del Consiglio \|url=http://legislature.camera.it/organiparlamentarism/241/4405/5342/documentotesto.asp \|website=legislature.camera.it \|access-date=15 November 2021 \|language=it \|archive-date=14 November 2021 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211114232158/http://legislature.camera.it/organiparlamentarism/241/4405/5342/documentotesto.asp \|url-status=live }}</ref> After the abolition of the [[Kingdom of Italy]] in 1946 and the proclamation of the [[Italy\|Italian Republic]], the office was established by Articles 92 through 96 of the [[Constitution of Italy]]. [[Alcide De Gasperi]] is the only prime minister who has held this position both in the Kingdom of Italy and in the Republic of Italy. The prime minister is appointed by the [[President of Italy\|President of the Republic]] and must receive a confidence vote by both houses of [[Italian Parliament\|Parliament]]: the [[Chamber of Deputies (Italy)\|Chamber of Deputies]] and the [[Senate of the Republic (Italy)\|Senate]].<ref>{{cite web \|title=Italy-Government and society {{!}} Britannica \|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Italy/Government-and-society \|website=www.britannica.com \|publisher=Encyclopedia Britannica \|access-date=15 November 2021 \|language=en \|archive-date=19 October 2021 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211019005758/https://www.britannica.com/place/Italy/Government-and-society \|url-status=live }}</ref> From 1946 to 2022, in the first 76 years after the creation of the Republic, 30 men served as prime ministers.<ref>{{cite news \|last1=Harris \|first1=Chris \|title=Why do governments in Italy change so often? \|url=https://www.euronews.com/2016/12/13/why-do-italian-governments-change-so-often \|access-date=15 November 2021 \|work=euronews \|date=13 December 2016 \|language=en \|archive-date=15 November 2021 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211115092530/https://www.euronews.com/2016/12/13/why-do-italian-governments-change-so-often \|url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web \|title=In 75 anni le donne al governo sono state appena il 6,5% \|url=https://www.ilsole24ore.com/art/in-75-anni-donne-governo-sono-state-appena-65percento-ADidBLJB?refresh_ce=1 \|website=www.ilsole24ore.com \| date=12 February 2021 \|publisher=[[Il Sole 24 Ore]] \|access-date=12 February 2021 \|language=it-IT \|archive-date=12 February 2021 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210212151436/https://www.ilsole24ore.com/art/in-75-anni-donne-governo-sono-state-appena-65percento-ADidBLJB?refresh_ce=1 \|url-status=live }}</ref> The current officeholder is [[Giorgia Meloni]], who was appointed on 22 October 2022, becoming the first woman to hold this office.<ref>{{cite web \| url=https://www.ilmessaggero.it/politica/diretta_politica_oggi_meloni_berlusconi_consultazioni_incarico_governo_totoministri_cosa_succede-7003477.html \| title=Governo, Mattarella conferisce l'incarico a Meloni. Giorgia: «"Esecutivo di alto profilo che lavorerà spedito»". Domani il giuramento alle 10 in Quirinale. La lista dei 24 ministri \| date=21 October 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web \| url= https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/oct/22/far-right-leader-giorgia-meloni-sworn-in-as-italys-prime-minister \| title = Far-right leader Giorgia Meloni sworn in as Italy's prime minister \| work = [[The Guardian]] \| date= 22 October 2022 \| access-date= 22 October 2022}}</ref> The [[List of prime ministers of Italy by time in office\|longest-serving prime minister]] in the history of Italy was Benito Mussolini, who [[Fascist Italy (1922–1943)\|ruled the country from 1922 until 1943]];<ref>{{cite web \|title=Mussolini, Benito \|url=https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/benito-mussolini/ \|website=www.treccani.it \|publisher=Enciclopedia Treccani \|access-date=15 November 2021 \|language=it-IT \|archive-date=27 October 2021 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027164647/https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/benito-mussolini/ \|url-status=live }}</ref> the longest-serving prime minister of the Italian Republic is [[Silvio Berlusconi]], who held the position for more than nine years between 1994 and 2011.<ref>{{cite web \|title=Quali sono stati i governi italiani più lunghi? \|url=https://www.youtrend.it/2020/11/26/governi-italiani-piu-lunghi/ \|website=www.youtrend.it \|date=26 November 2020 \|publisher=YouTrend \|access-date=15 November 2021 \|language=it-IT \|archive-date=13 November 2021 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211113183842/https://www.youtrend.it/2020/11/26/governi-italiani-piu-lunghi/ \|url-status=live }}</ref> The shortest-serving officeholder was [[Tommaso Tittoni]], who served as prime minister for only 16 days in 1905,<ref>{{cite web \|title=Tommaso Tittoni nell'Enciclopedia Treccani \|url=https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/tommaso-tittoni_%28Enciclopedia-Italiana%29/ \|website=www.treccani.it \|publisher=Enciclopedia Treccani \|access-date=15 November 2021 \|language=it-IT \|archive-date=15 November 2021 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211115174655/https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/tommaso-tittoni_(Enciclopedia-Italiana)/ \|url-status=live }}</ref> while the shortest-serving prime minister of the Italian Republic was [[Fernando Tambroni]], who governed for 123 days in 1960.<ref>{{cite web \|title=Fernando Tambroni Armaroli nell'Enciclopedia Treccani \|url=https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/fernando-tambroni-armaroli_%28Enciclopedia-Italiana%29/ \|website=www.treccani.it \|publisher=Enciclopedia Treccani \|access-date=15 November 2021 \|language=it-IT \|archive-date=15 November 2021 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211115174656/https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/fernando-tambroni-armaroli_(Enciclopedia-Italiana)/ \|url-status=live }}</ref> Line 54: :{{legend2\|{{party color\|National Fascist Party}}\|[[National Fascist Party]]\|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} ;{{small\|1943–1946:}}~~'''~~ :{{legend2\|{{party color\|Labour Democratic Party}}\|[[Labour Democratic Party]]\|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} :{{legend2\|{{party color\|Action Party (Italy)}}\|[[Action Party (Italy)\|Action Party]]\|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} Line 124: \|- style="height:10em;" ! [[File:Tuminello, Lodovico (1824-1907) - Cavour cropped.jpg\|90px\|Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour]] ! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal" \| {{small\|[[Count]]}}<br>'''[[Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour\|Camillo Benso di Cavour]]'''<br/>{{small\|(1810–1861)}} \| 23 March<br/>1861 \| 6 June<br/>1861{{dagger}} Line 137: \|- style="height:10em;" ! [[File:Ricasoli (LVS) (cropped).jpg\|90px\|Bettino Ricasoli]] ! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal" \| {{small\|[[Baron]]}}<br>'''[[Bettino Ricasoli]]'''<br/>{{small\|(1809–1880)}} \| 12 June<br/>1861 \| 3 March<br/>1862 Line 181: \|- style="height:5em;" ! rowspan=2 \| [[File:Alfonso La Marmora.jpg\|90px\|Alfonso Ferrero La Marmora]] ! rowspan=2 scope="row" style="font-weight:normal" \| {{small\|[[General officer\|General]]}}<br/>'''[[Alfonso Ferrero La Marmora]]'''<br/>{{small\|(1804–1878)}} \| 28 September<br/>1864 \| 31 December<br/>1865 Line 197: \|- ! [[File:Ricasoli (LVS) (cropped).jpg\|90px\|Bettino Ricasoli]] ! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal" \| {{small\|[[Baron]]}}<br>'''[[Bettino Ricasoli]]'''<br/>{{small\|(1809–1880)}} \| 20 June<br/>1866 \| 10 April<br/>1867 Line 428: \|- style="height:5em;" ! rowspan=2 \| [[File:Luigi Pelloux.jpg\|90px\|Luigi Pelloux]] ! rowspan=2 scope="row" style="font-weight:normal" \| {{small\|[[General officer\|General]]}}<br/>'''[[Luigi Pelloux]]'''<br/>{{small\|(1839–1924)}} \| 29 June<br/>1898 \| 14 May<br/>1899 Line 508: \|- style="height:10em;" ! [[File:Sidney sonnino.jpg\|90px\|Sidney Sonnino]] ! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal" \| {{small\|[[Baron]]}}<br/>'''[[Sidney Sonnino]]'''<br/>{{small\|(1847–1922)}} \| 8 February<br/>1906 \| 29 May<br/>1906 Line 642: \| <ref>{{cite web \|title=I Governo Bonomi \|url=https://storia.camera.it/governi/i-governo-bonomi/ \|website=storia.camera.it \|accessdate=11 April 2020 \|language=Italian \|archive-date=29 July 2020 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200729154300/https://storia.camera.it/governi/i-governo-bonomi/ \|url-status=live }}</ref> \|- style="height:5em;" ! rowspan=2 \| [[File: Luigi Facta ~~photo~~1922 (cropped).jpg\|90px\|Luigi Facta]] ! rowspan=2 scope="row" style="font-weight:normal" \| '''[[Luigi Facta]]'''<br/>{{small\|(1861–1930)}} \| 26 February<br/>1922 Line 648: \| rowspan=2 \| {{age in years and days\|1922\|2\|26\|1922\|10\|31}} ! rowspan=2 style="background:{{party color\|Liberal Union (Italy)}};" \| \| rowspan=2\|[[Liberal Union (Italy)\|Liberal Union]] /<br/>[[Italian Liberal Party]] \| bgcolor=#D5E1FF\|[[First Facta government\|Facta I]] \| bgcolor=#D5E1FF \| [[Italian People's Party (1919)\|PPI]] • [[Italian Liberal Party\|PLI]] • [[Italian Democratic Liberal Party\|PLDI]] • [[Social Democracy (Italy)\|PDSI]] • [[Italian Reformist Socialist Party\|PSRI]] • [[Agrarian Party (Italy)\|PA]] \| rowspan=2\|<ref>{{cite web \|title=I Governo Facta \|url=https://storia.camera.it/governi/i-governo-facta/ \|website=storia.camera.it \|accessdate=11 April 2020 \|language=Italian \|archive-date=22 August 2020 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200822032735/https://storia.camera.it/governi/i-governo-facta/ \|url-status=live }}</ref><br/><ref>{{cite web \|title=II Governo Facta \|url=https://storia.camera.it/governi/ii-governo-facta/ \|website=storia.camera.it \|accessdate=11 April 2020 \|language=Italian \|archive-date=29 July 2020 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200729160634/https://storia.camera.it/governi/ii-governo-facta/ \|url-status=live }}</ref> \|- style="height:5em;" \| 1 August <br/>1922 \| 31 October <br/>1922 \| bgcolor=#D5E1FF\|[[Second Facta government\|Facta II]] \| bgcolor=#D5E1FF \| [[Italian People's Party (1919)\|PPI]] • [[Italian Liberal Party\|PLI]] • [[Italian Democratic Liberal Party\|PLDI]] • [[Social Democracy (Italy)\|PDSI]] • [[Italian Reformist Socialist Party\|PSRI]] \|- style="height:4em;" ! rowspan=5 \| [[File:~~Benito~~ Mussolini ~~portrait as dictator (retouched)~~biografia.jpg\|~~90px\|Benito Mussolini~~121x121px]] ! rowspan=5 scope="row" style="font-weight:normal" \| {{small\|[[Duce]]}}<br/>'''[[Benito Mussolini]]'''<br/>{{small\|(1883–1945)}} \| rowspan=5\|31 October<br/>1922 \| rowspan=5\|25 July<br/>1943 Line 679: \|- style="height:5em;" ! rowspan=2 \| [[File:Pietro Badoglio 3.jpg\|90px\|Pietro Badoglio]] ! rowspan=2 scope="row" style="font-weight:normal" \| {{small\|[[Marshal of Italy\|Marshal]]}}<br/>'''[[Pietro Badoglio]]'''<br/>{{small\|(1871–1956)}} \| 25 July<br/>1943 \| 24 April<br/>1944 Line 738: === Prime ministers of the Italian Republic (1946–present) === {{col-float\|width=~~25em~~20em\|style=width:unset}} '''Parties:'''{{efn\|name=parties\|Colors in the "Party" column indicate the party to which a prime minister belongs.}} ;{{small\|1946–1994:}} Line 752: :{{legend2\|{{party color\|Brothers of Italy}}\|[[Brothers of Italy]]\|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} :{{legend2\|{{party color\|Independent (politician)}}\|[[Independent (politician)\|Independent]]\|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{col-float-break\|width=~~25em~~20em\|style=width:unset}} '''Coalitions:'''{{efn\|name=coalitions\|Colors in the "Cabinet" and "Composition" columns indicate the governing coalition.}} ;{{small\|1946–1994:}} Line 767 ⟶ 768: {{col-float-end}} {{col-float\|width=~~25em~~20em\|style=width:unset}} {{collapsible list ~~'''~~ \| title = Acronyms and abbreviations:~~'''~~ ~~{{smalldiv\|~~ \| DC: [[Christian Democracy (Italy)\|Christian Democracy]] PSI/PSIUP: [[Italian Socialist Party]] Line 793 ⟶ 795: UDR: [[Democratic Union for the Republic]] Dem: [[The Democrats (Italy)\|The Democrats]] }} ~~{{col-float-break\|width=25em\|style=width:unset}}~~ ~~{{br}}~~ ~~{{smalldiv\|~~ UDEUR: [[Union of Democrats for Europe]] UDC: [[Union of the Centre (2002)]] Line 1,273 ⟶ 1,271: \| <ref>{{cite web \|title=I Governo Amato \|url=https://storia.camera.it/governi/i-governo-amato/ \|website=storia.camera.it \|access-date=10 July 2020 \|language=It \|archive-date=4 December 2020 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201204182729/https://storia.camera.it/governi/i-governo-amato \|url-status=live }}</ref> \|- style="height:10em;" ! [[File:Carlo Azeglio Ciampi ~~1990~~(cropped).jpg\|90px\|Carlo Azeglio Ciampi]] ! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal" \| '''[[Carlo Azeglio Ciampi]]'''<br/>{{small\|(1920–2016)}} \| 28 April<br/>1993 Line 1,458 ⟶ 1,456: \|[[Independent politician\|Independent]] \| bgcolor=#E4E4E4\|[[Draghi government\|Draghi]] \| bgcolor=#E4E4E4 \| ~~''[[National unity government\|National unity]]''<br/>~~ [[Five Star Movement\|M5S]] • [[Lega (political party)\|Lega]] • [[Democratic Party (Italy)\|PD]] • [[Forza Italia (2013)\|FI]] • [[Together for the Future\|IpF]]{{efn\|From June 2022}} • [[Italia Viva\|IV]] • [[Article One (political party)\|Art.1]] • [[Action (Italian political party)\|A]]{{efn\|From July 2022}} \| <ref>{{cite web \|title=Governo Draghi \|url=https://www.governo.it/it/i-governi-dal-1943-ad-oggi/xviii-legislatura-dal-23-marzo-2018/governo-draghi/16211 \|website=governo.it \|date=13 February 2021 \|access-date=15 November 2021 \|language=It \|archive-date=13 November 2021 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211113182049/https://www.governo.it/it/i-governi-dal-1943-ad-oggi/xviii-legislatura-dal-23-marzo-2018/governo-draghi/16211 \|url-status=live }}</ref> \|- \|- style="height:10em;" ! [[File:Giorgia Meloni Official 2023 crop.jpg\|90px\|Giorgia Meloni]] Line 1,477 ⟶ 1,474: == Timeline == === Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946) === {{#tag:timeline\| Line 1,786 ⟶ 1,784: {{DEFAULTSORT:List of Prime Ministers of Italy}} [[Category:Prime ~~Ministers~~ministers of Italy\|*]] [[Category:Lists of heads of government\|Italy]] [[Category:Lists of prime ministers by country\|Italy]] [[Category:Lists of political office-holders in Italy\|Prime Ministers]] [[Category:Italy politics-related lists\|Prime ministers]]