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{{Short description|American traveler and filmmaker (1870–1958)}}
{{Tone|date=January 2024}}
{{Infobox person
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| caption = Holmes, {{Circa|1905}}
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1870|01|08}}
| birth_place = [[Chicago]], [[Illinois]], U.S
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1958|07|22|1870|01|08}}
| death_place = [[Los Angeles]], [[California]], U.S
| nationality = American
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| known_for = Travelogues
| occupation =
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[[File:Burton Holmes 1917.jpg|thumb|Advertisement (1917).]]
[[File:Burton Holmes 1917 2.jpg|thumb|Advertisement (1917).]]
'''Elias Burton Holmes''' (January 8, 1870 – July 22, 1958) was an American traveler, [[photographer]] and [[Filmmaking|filmmaker]] credited with the invention of the "[[Travel literature|travelogue]]",<ref>Paul S. Landau and Deborah D. Kaspin, ''Images and Empires: Visuality in Colonial and Postcolonial Africa'' (University of California Press, 2002), [https://www.google.com/books/edition/Images_and_Empires/srsmYFajo90C?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22inventor+of+the+travelogue%22&pg=PA216 216].</ref> though the term itself was apparently coined in 1898 by John Bowker.<ref>''Oxford English Dictionary'', s.v. [https://doi.org/10.1093/OED/1157082054 "travelogue (''n.'')"], July 2023.</ref> Travel stories, [[slide show]]s, and motion pictures were all in existence before Holmes began his career, as was the profession of travel lecturer; but Holmes was the first person to put all of these elements together into [[Documentary hypothesis|documentary]] travel lectures.{{Citation needed|date=January 2010}} He recorded the earliest known footage of Japan and Korea, in 1899.
==Early years==
Elias Burton Holmes was born into a middle-class [[Chicago]] family, the son of a banker. His interest in travel was sparked at the age of nine when his grandmother took him to hear a then-famous travel lecturer, [[John L. Stoddard]] (whom Holmes was to meet on a subsequent trip
In 1890, Holmes accompanied his grandmother on a trip to Europe and when he returned showed slides of his trip at the Chicago Camera Club, of which he was a member. Holmes wrote of this event: "To take the edge off the silence, to keep the show moving, I wrote an account of my journey and read it, as the [[stereopticon]] man changed slides."<ref name="iw">Wallace, Irving. "Everybody's Rover Boy". In ''The Sunday Gentleman'', New York: Simon & Schuster, 1965, p. 115.<!-- ISSN/ISBN needed --></ref>
Despite the success of this event, which grossed $350 for the club, it
==Travelogues==
Initially Holmes had only modest success as a travel lecturer. Then in 1897, [[John Lawson Stoddard|John L. Stoddard]] retired, creating something of a vacuum in the field. Around the same time, Holmes began to supplement his hand-colored glass slides with the then excitingly new technology of moving pictures. As the years went on, film came increasingly to dominate his lectures.<ref>[http://www.burtonholmes.org/travelogues/handpaintedslides.html "Burton Holmes, Extraordinary Traveler" website, "Hand-Painted Colored Slides" page.]</ref>
In the years that followed, Holmes traveled extensively: North and South America, Europe, Russia, India, Ethiopia, and Burma (now Myanmar). He lectured about such topics as the Panama Canal, the "Frivolities of Paris," even the adventures of [[Richard Halliburton]], one of his competitors in the travel lecture profession. He visited the first modern Olympics in 1896, rode the first trans-Siberian train, and shot what may be the first movies ever made of Japan, in 1899, as well as the first recorded video footage of Korea.<ref>[https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/pages/article.asp?newsIdx=332093]{{dead link|date=May 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> In the course of his travels, he crossed the Atlantic and Pacific oceans more than 50 times. As Holmes became more well-known, he brought along assistants, such as [[Andre de la Varre]], to shoot film and stills while he made notes for his lectures, and he also employed a business manager. With the rise of Hollywood, Holmes began to make short travel films for Paramount and later Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.
Holmes's talks—which totaled over
==Personal life==
In 1914, Holmes married Margaret Oliver, whom he had met on one of his expeditions. They lived primarily at an estate called "Topside" in the Hollywood Hills that was
==Legacy==
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;Works about Holmes
* {{cite book|last1=Holmes|first1=Burton|last2=Taschen|first2=Benedikt|last3=Caldwell|first3=Genoa|title=Burton Holmes Travelogues: The Greatest Traveler of His Time, 1892-1952|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G8PqHAAACAAJ|year=2006|publisher=[[Taschen]]|isbn=978-3-8228-4815-9}}
* {{cite book|last=Caldwell|first=Genoa|title=The Man who Photographed the World: Burton Holmes, Travelogues|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ywFGmgEACAAJ|year=1977|publisher=H.N. Abrams|isbn=9780810910591}}
* {{cite book
* {{cite book|last=Soule|first=Thayer|title=On the Road with Travelogues: 1935-1995 a Sixty-Year Romp|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=phRCAAAACAAJ|year=2003|publisher=1st Books Library|isbn=978-1-4107-9971-5}}
* Wallace, Irving. "Everybody's Rover Boy." In ''The Sunday Gentleman''. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1965.
{{Refend}}
* Stockham, Ed. "Burton Holmes", song, 2015.
==External links==
{{commons category|Burton Holmes}}
{{wikisource author}}
* {{Internet Archive author |sname=Elias Burton Holmes}}
*[http://www.burtonholmesarchive.com/ The Burton Holmes Archive]
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*{{IMDb name|id=0391764|name=Burton Holmes}}
*[http://www.burtonholmes.org/ Burton Holmes, Extraordinary Traveler]
*{{YouTube|2j_DWCJ1B3g|''Scenes at Seoul in 1901/1912''}}
{{Authority control}}
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[[Category:1958 deaths]]
[[Category:American travel writers]]
[[Category:American male non-fiction writers]]
[[Category:Writers from Chicago]]
[[Category:Burials at Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Glendale)]]
[[Category:American photographers]]
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