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The '''Australian music industry''' refers to the collection of individuals, organisations, businesses and activities that are involved in the creation, production, distribution and promotion of music in [[Australia]]. The music industry encompasses a wide range of genres and styles of music including [[Popular music|pop]], [[Rock music|rock]], [[Electronic dance music|EDM]], [[Hip hop music|hip-hop]], [[Classical music|classical]] as well as featuring music from [[Aboriginal Australians|Indigenous]] artists. ▼
{{Short description|Subconcept of Music industry (scot/341)}}
== History ==▼
▲The '''Australian music industry''' refers to the collection of individuals, organisations, businesses and activities that are involved in the creation, production, distribution and promotion of music in
=== Early
The Australian music scene during the [[History of Australia (1788–1850)|Colonial Period of Australian history]] was characterised and influenced by [[European music|European musical traditions]]. [[Folk music|Folk songs]] and [[Ballad|ballads]] were extremely popular at this time with such songs like '[[Waltzing Matilda]]' and '[[Botany Bay (song)|Botany Bay]]' becoming cultural icons. Musical influences from [[England]], [[Ireland]], and other parts of Europe began to have a significant impact and helped to shape much of the modern Australian music genre. Settlers from Europe brought over many new types of instruments such as [[Violin|violins]], [[Flute|flutes]] and [[Piano|pianos]], some of which had been in use within European classical music since the 17th Century.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Music Of Australia |url=https://www.australian-information-stories.com/music-of-australia.html |access-date=2023-08-23 |website=www.australian-information-stories.com}}</ref> Two main forms of early Australian music developed from this; the [[Transportation ballads|convict]] and folk songs and the quintissential Australian '[[Bush ballad|bush ballads]]'. Convict and folk songs played an important role in expressing Australia's founding as a [[penal colony]] and the colonisation of the nation. Settlers brought over songs from their home countries but in addition to this [[Convict|convicts]] would sing about their experiences working in the Colony but also helped to convey themes about hardship, love and longing for home. Songs such as '[[Moreton Bay (song)|Moreton Bay]]' became famous for their reflection of convict life in Australia's early history.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Convict Voice - songs of transportation by Don Brian {{!}} Parramatta History and Heritage |url=https://historyandheritage.cityofparramatta.nsw.gov.au/research-topics/female-factory/convict-voice-songs-of-transportation-don-brian |access-date=2023-08-23 |website=historyandheritage.cityofparramatta.nsw.gov.au |language=en}}</ref> Similarly, bush ballads emerged as another prominent early Australian genre of music. These bush ballads gained popularity throughout the 19th Century and were particularly popular for its description of life in the [[The bush|Australian bush]], and would often focus on themes relating to exploration, pioneer life as well as outlaws and [[Bushranger|bushrangers]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-08-14 |title=Bush Ballads |url=https://www.penrithregionalgallery.org/bush-ballads/ |access-date=2023-08-23 |website=Art of Australia |language=en-US}}</ref> Prominent artists such as [[Banjo Paterson]] and [[Henry Lawson]] had a significant impact on this genre with Paterson's '[[The Man from Snowy River (poem)|The Man From Snowy River]]' written in 1890<ref>{{Cite web |title=Banjo Paterson's The Man From Snowy River |url=https://www.mtc.com.au/discover-more/backstage/banjo-patersons-the-man-from-snowy-river/ |access-date=2023-08-23 |website=www.mtc.com.au |language=en}}</ref> and Lawson's '[[Up the Country]]' being first published in 1892,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Up the Country, a poem by Henry Lawson |url=https://www.ironbarkresources.com/henrylawson/UpTheCountry.html |access-date=2023-08-23 |website=www.ironbarkresources.com}}</ref> becoming two of their most famous ballads. ▼
[[File:The Founding of Australia.jpg|left|thumb|The founding of Australia on the 26 January 1788]]
[[File:Banjo Paterson with signature.jpg|thumb|203x203px|Banjo Paterson c. 1890 ]]
▲The Australian music scene during the [[History of Australia (1788–1850)|Colonial Period of Australian history]] was characterised and influenced by [[European music|European musical traditions]]. [[Folk music|Folk songs]] and [[
=== Radio and
With the creation of the
[[File:Guglielmo Marconi.jpg|thumb|Guglielmo Marconi in 1908. ]]
[[Radio broadcasting]] began in Australia in the early 1920s and the first public broadcast occurred on 23 November 1923 by [[Ernest Fisk]] from the Marconi station in [[Sydney]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=corporateName=Screen Australia; contact=webmaster; email=learning@screenaustralia. gov.au; address=PO Box 404 |first=South Melbourne Vic 3205 |title=Screen Australia Digital Learning
▲[[Radio broadcasting]] began in Australia in the early 1920s and the first public broadcast occurred on 23 November 1923 by [[Ernest Fisk]] from the Marconi station in [[Sydney]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=corporateName=Screen Australia; contact=webmaster; email=learning@screenaustralia. gov.au; address=PO Box 404 |first=South Melbourne Vic 3205 |title=Screen Australia Digital Learning - Early radio broadcasting ( 1923) |url=https://dl.nfsa.gov.au/module/1656/ |access-date=2023-08-23 |website=dl.nfsa.gov.au |language=en-au}}</ref> This saw a surge in radio popularity as it quickly became a source of entertainment and news. As such, broadcasting companies began to be created to try and capitalise on this popularity. One famous example is the [[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]] (ABC) which was formed in 1923 by the [[Australian Government]] to try and regulate the radio market but also to ensure that listeners had access to high quality music and radio services.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ABC History {{!}} About the ABC |url=https://about.abc.net.au/abc-history/#:~:text=The%20ABC,%20however,%20was%20formed,fees%20and%20some%20government%20funding. |access-date=2023-08-23 |website=about.abc.net.au}}</ref> In doing so this helped to pave the way for other such companies. Radio stations began to play music primarily to attract and retain new audiences and helped to encourage people to tune in regularly.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-02-05 |title=Radio’s Influence on Music – Radio Matters Blog |url=https://radiomatters.org/index.php/2018/02/05/radios-influence-on-music/ |access-date=2023-08-23 |language=en-US}}</ref> Additionally, music broadcasting also provided a reliable way for radio stations to fill in [[Airtime (broadcasting)|airtime]] with live performances from well-known artists but also local ones which made it easier for upcoming artists to make money from their music career, allowing for growth in the music industry overall.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Development of Radio {{!}} American Experience {{!}} PBS |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/rescue-development-radio/ |access-date=2023-08-23 |website=www.pbs.org |language=en}}</ref> Similarly, [[Live broadcast|live-to-air]] broadcasts were becoming increasingly more frequent, with radio stations adpoting segments in their broadcasts for live studio music sessions and by the mid 1920s to early 1930s they had become an integral feature in Australian public broadcasting. One notable feature of this period in the music industry was the [[78 rpm records|78 RPM records]]. This record format became more standardised and widely adopted in the early 20th Century.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The history of 78 RPM recordings {{!}} Yale University Library |url=https://web.library.yale.edu/cataloging/music/historyof78rpms |access-date=2023-08-24 |website=web.library.yale.edu}}</ref> By the 1920s, the 78 RPM records were a common medium for broadcast in Australia as well as many other parts of the world. The 78 RPM records featured a wide variety of musical genres from this era, most notably [[jazz]], [[blues]] and [[ragtime]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=1920s Music History including Twenties Styles, Bands And Artists |url=https://www.thepeoplehistory.com/20smusic.html |access-date=2023-08-24 |website=www.thepeoplehistory.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Music of the 1930s |url=https://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Main/MusicOfThe1930s |access-date=2023-08-24 |website=TV Tropes}}</ref> with Australian broadcasting using both local artists such as [[Frank Coughlan]] and worldwide artists such as [[Louis Armstrong]] and [[Benny Goodman]]. These types of records saw continued use throughout the 1940s, especially during wartime. They became an important part form of entertainment during the [[World War II|Second World War]] and became a popular form of entertainment for both soldiers and civilians.<ref>{{Cite web |title=War, Vinyl and Print: Music for the Troops during World War II |url=https://www.neh.gov/divisions/research/featured-project/war-vinyl-and-print-music-the-troops-during-world-war-ii |access-date=2023-08-24 |website=The National Endowment for the Humanities |language=en}}</ref>
During World War II, the use of music production in Australia saw a surge in popularity due to patriotic songs and music that aimed to boost moral and support the war effort. Similarly, music in Australia was also used for
World War II also had a significant impact on the recording industry. It saw a massive change in genre, with [[Swing music|swing]] and [[Big band|big band music]] gaining popularity, reflecting the cultural values of the other countries part of the Allies, like the
▲==== The Second World War ====
▲During World War II, the use of music production in Australia saw a surge in popularity due to patriotic songs and music that aimed to boost moral and support the war effort. Similarly, music in Australia was also used for propganda purposes and for recruitment.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Songs as Bullets, Music as Bombs {{!}} endeavors |url=https://endeavors.unc.edu/songs_as_bullets_music_as_bombs |access-date=2023-11-24 |website=endeavors.unc.edu |language=en}}</ref> Many artists such as [[Smoky Dawson]], [[Jack O'Hagan]] and [[Joy Nichols]] were extremely popular for their songs like 'Tears on My Pillow (1944)', The Road to Victory (1941) and 'The Cheer Up Hour' by Joy Nichols.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vol. 16 No. 41 (9 October 1954) |url=https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-1589095550 |access-date=2023-11-24 |website=Trove |language=en}}</ref> Music layed a crucial role in entertaining troops both at home and on the warfront. Various singers and bands would organise large gatherings and live performances for military personnel in order to boost morale. In particular, the Australian Entertainment Unit was established in 1941 to provide entertainment for troops and partnered with the [[United Service Organizations|United Service Organisations]], the American organisation that aimed to provide morale primarily for American troops.<ref>{{Cite web |title=United Service Organizations, Inc. (USO) {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/United-Service-Organizations-Inc |access-date=2023-11-24 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Guide to the Concert and Theatre Programs Collection, Second World War, 1939-1945 {{!}} Australian War Memorial |url=https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/accessing-records-at-the-memorial/findingaids/concert-and-theatre-programs-collection-second-world-war-1939-1945 |access-date=2023-11-24 |website=www.awm.gov.au}}</ref>
In the aftermath of World War II, there had been significant changes to the music industry. The [[Post-war|post-war era]] saw the rise of many new musical styles including the emergence of [[Rock and roll|Rock n' Roll]] in the 1950s. Post-war society brought about a period of economic prosperity in Australia, leading to an increased disposable income among the population.<ref>{{Cite web |title=1939 to 1965
▲World War II also had a significant impact on the recording industry. It saw a massive change in genre, with [[Swing music|swing]] and [[Big band|big band music]] gaining popularity, reflecting the cultural values of the other countries part of the Allies, like the [[United States]] and the [[United Kingdom]]. The presence of U.S. troops in particular, in Australia and on the warfront helped to greatly influence the music industry in Australia with American popular music and styles becoming more prevalent.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Americans in Australia {{!}} Ergo |url=https://ergo.slv.vic.gov.au/explore-history/australia-wwii/home-wii/americans-australia |access-date=2023-11-24 |website=ergo.slv.vic.gov.au}}</ref> The growth of the [[radio]] as a popular and common use for communications and entertainment during wartime meant that record labels turned more of their focus towards using radio as their main medium.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Radio Propaganda in World War II {{!}} Historical Spotlight {{!}} News {{!}} Wargaming |url=https://wargaming.com/en/news/radio_propaganda/ |access-date=2023-11-24 |website=wargaming.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Television and radio in the Second World War {{!}} National Science and Media Museum |url=https://www.scienceandmediamuseum.org.uk/objects-and-stories/tv-radio-second-world-war |access-date=2023-11-24 |website=www.scienceandmediamuseum.org.uk |language=en}}</ref> The growing popularity of the radio helped to popularise music in Australia significantly more, because it was much more easily accessible and affordable for people.
=== Rock n' Roll and the 1950s ===
▲In the aftermath of World War II, there had been significant changes to the music industry. The [[Post-war|post-war era]] saw the rise of many new musical styles including the emergence of [[Rock and roll|Rock n' Roll]] in the 1950s. Post-war society brought about a period of economic prosperity in Australia, leading to an increased disposable income among the population.<ref>{{Cite web |title=1939 to 1965 - War and Post-War |url=https://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/about/Pages/1939-to-1965-War-and-Post-War.aspx#:~:text=The%20period%20after%20WWII%20was,consumer%20expenditure%20and%20private%20motor |access-date=2023-11-24 |website=www.parliament.nsw.gov.au}}</ref> This economic prosperity helped to spur on the spending of consumers on music, helping to grow the industry even further.
==== Emergence of Rock n' Roll in Australia ====
==References==▼
Rock n' Roll arrived in Australia in the 1950s primarily through imported records from the United States. Prominent Rock n' Roll artists like Elvis Presley, Chuck Berry, Little Richard and Bill Haley rapidly gained popularity in Australia through their recordings.
[[Category:Australian music industry|*]]▼
▲==References==
{{Reflist}}{{improve categories|date=November 2023}}
[[Category:Music industry]]
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