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{{Short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
{{Multiple issues|
{{copyedit|date=January 2024}}
{{More citations needed|date=April 2024}}
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{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{Use Ghanaian English|date=September 2022}}
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[[File:LocationGhana.svg|thumb|Location of [[Ghana]]]]
'''Ghanaian cuisine'''
Ghanaian foods heavily rely on traditional [[Agriculture in Ghana|food crops grown in Ghana]], combined with crops introduced through colonial and globalized cuisine.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Alpern |first=Stanley B. |date=January 1992 |title=The European Introduction of Crops into West Africa in Precolonial Times |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/history-in-africa/article/abs/european-introduction-of-crops-into-west-africa-in-precolonial-times/95809ADC3EF8E2E3FE4E4D997AD6CE20 |journal=History in Africa |language=en |volume=19 |pages=13–43 |doi=10.2307/3171994 |issn=0361-5413}}</ref>
==Main staple foods==
[[File:Ghanaian Banku cuisine dish food.jpg|right|thumb|{{center|Ghanaian-style ''[[Banku (dish)|banku]]''}}]]
<ref>{{Cite journal |last=UNE Applied Nutrition Program |date=2019-07-01 |title=Food And Culture In Ghana |url=https://dune.une.edu/an_studedres/126 |journal=All Student-Created Educational Resources}}</ref>The typical [[staple food]]s in the southern part of [[Ghana]] include [[cassava]] and [[plantain (cooking)|plantain]]. In the
===Foods made with maize===
*''[[Banku (dish)|Akple]]'', a traditional meal of the [[Ewe people|Ewe]], is made with corn flour and can be eaten with pepper sauces, stews, or any soup. It is typically served with okra soup (''fetridetsi'') or herring stew (''abɔbitadi''). ''Akple'' is never prepared in the same way as ''[[Banku (dish)|banku]]''. An important distinguishing factor between the two products is that ''banku'' requires the use of a special preformulated watery material called
*'"BA MI KU" (BANKU) is a mixture of cassava dough, corn dough, water and salt mashed in a cooking pot, steered on fire for 30 to 40 minutes depending on the heat level. One of the all-time best meals of the Dangme (Ada) clan of the Ga-Adangbe in Ghana, West Africa.
*''Banku'' was formulated by the [[Ga-Adangbe people|Ga Dangme]] (or Ga) tribe of the [[Greater Accra Region]], as a slight deviation from the process of preparation of Ga-Kenkey, requiring a different manipulation of 'THE AFLATA' mixed with cassava dough, but unlike Ga-Kenkey it does not require the use of corn husk. One particular Major-Clan of the GaDangme (or Ga) tribe is credited with the original recipe of the ''banku'' meal even though it may be argued among the major clans.<ref>online reference, by J Dzeagu-Kudjodji and others; online publication : Banku, National of Ghana - EpersianFood ( Mar. 17, 2020 ) ; A grammatical sketch of Akra - or Ga-language ; etc.</ref> Sometimes only [[cornmeal|cornflour]] is used but in many areas cassava dough is cooked together with the fermented corn dough.▼
* Banku cooked with cassava and corn dough mixture is called agbelimorkple by the Ewe people while the one without cassava dough mixture is known as Kutornu-kple (Cotonou banku)<ref>{{Cite web|title=How To Prepare Banku And Okro Stew In Ghana. » My Recipe Joint|url=https://myrecipejoint.com/prepare-banku/|website=My Recipe Joint|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-25}}</ref>▼
▲
*Fanti kenkey is wrapped in plantain leaves that give it a different texture. It is boiled for long periods into consistent solid balls.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-04 |title=Ghanaian Foods made with maize - Ghfinder |url=https://ghfinder.com/ghanaian-foods-made-with-maize/ |access-date=2023-08-17 |language=en-US |archive-date=17 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230817193634/https://ghfinder.com/ghanaian-foods-made-with-maize/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
▲* Banku cooked with cassava and corn dough mixture is called ''agbelimorkple'' by the Ewe people while the one without cassava dough mixture is known as
*''Mmore'' is cooked fermented corn dough without cassava, prepared like ''banku'' among the [[Akan people]].
*''[[Kenkey]]''/''komi''/''[[dokonu]]'' is fermented corn dough
*''Tuo zaafi'' is a millet, sorghum or maize dish originating from Northern [[Ghana]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-04 |title=Ghanaian Foods made with maize - Ghfinder |url=https://ghfinder.com/ghanaian-foods-made-with-maize/ |access-date=2023-08-17 |language=en-US |archive-date=17 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230817193634/https://ghfinder.com/ghanaian-foods-made-with-maize/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*''Fonfom'' is a maize dish popular in south-western [[Ghana]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-04 |title=Ghanaian Foods made with maize - Ghfinder |url=https://ghfinder.com/ghanaian-foods-made-with-maize/ |access-date=2023-08-17 |language=en-US |archive-date=17 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230817193634/https://ghfinder.com/ghanaian-foods-made-with-maize/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* Abolo
* Yoroyoro is widely eaten across Dagbon and many parts of [[Northern Region (Ghana)|Northern Ghana]]. It is made by boiling maize
* ''Nkyekyeraa'' is a Ghanaian dish made up of dry corn and few groundnuts, which is mostly found in the [[Bono Region|Bono]], [[Bono East Region|Bono East]] and [[Ahafo Region|Ahafo]] regions. It is usually wrapped in corn leaves or a fresh leaf and boiled till it becomes soft enough chewing easily.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ali |first=Biiya Mukusah |date=1 March 2024 |title=‘Nkyekyeraa’ - Most sought after corn meal |url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/ghana-news-nkyekyeraa-most-sought-after-corn-meal.html |access-date=3 March 2024 |website=Graphic Online}}</ref>
===Foods made with rice===
*''[[Waakye]]''—[[rice and beans|a dish of rice and beans]] with a purple-brown color. The color comes from the [[indigenous (ecology)|indigenous]] grass, ''[[Sorghum bicolor]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.specialtyproduce.com/produce/Bicolor_Sorghum_13168.php|title=Bicolor Sorghum|website=www.specialtyproduce.com|access-date=2018-03-22}}</ref> This side dish bears striking similarities to West Indian rice and peas. The rice is cooked and steamed with an indigenous leaf, coconut, and a pulse such as [[black-eyed peas]] or [[kidney beans]].
*[[Omo tuo|''Omo Tuo'']]/Rice ball—sticky mashed rice, often eaten with groundnut or palm nut soup.
*Plain rice—boiled rice accompanies many of the variety of red stews.
*[[Jollof rice]]—rice cooked in a stew consisting of stock, tomatoes, spices, and meat boiled together. This dish originated from the [[Jolof Empire|Djolof]] traders from [[Senegal]] who settled in the [[Zongo settlements|Zongos]] before the colonial period. Adapted for local Ghanaian tastes, it is typically eaten with goat, lamb, chicken, or beef that has been stewed, roasted or grilled.
*Fried rice—Chinese-style [[fried rice]] adapted to Ghanaian tastes.
*[[Braised rice|''Angwa moo'']]—also referred to as "oiled rice". This is unlike
===Foods made with cassava===
*''[[Kokonte]]'' or ''abete—''from dried peeled cassava
*''[[Fufu]]—''pounded cassava and
*[[Garri|''Gari'']]
*''[[Attiéké]]'' or ''Akyeke—''made from cassava and popular among the [[Ahanta]], [[Nzema people|Nzema]] and Akan-speaking people of [[Ivory Coast]].
*''[[Plakali]]''—made from cassava and popular among the [[Ahanta]], [[Nzema people|Nzema]] and Akan-speaking people of Ivory Coast.
* Yakayake
===Foods made with beans===
A deviation
* [[Koose]]
{{clear right}}
===Foods made with yam===
[[File:Ampesie 101.jpg|thumb|Locally made ''ampesie'' (plantain and garden eggs stew)]]
*''Ampesie—''boiled yam. It may also be made with
*''Yam fufu—[[fufu]]'' made with yam instead of cassava,
*''[[Mpoto Mpoto|Mpotompoto]]'' (yam casserole or porridge)—slices of yam cooked with much water and pepper, onions, tomatoes, salt and preferred seasoning.
*Yam balls - This super sweet delicacy takes the form of scotch eggs, but in this case, it has the fillings of meat pie, spring rolls, samosa, or shawarma.
*Fried Yam - Deep-fried yam can be served with a variety of stews and pepper sauces. The chips are fried such that the outside is crispy and the inside is wet, blissful, and yummy.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-08 |title=Recipe Wednesday: 8 incredible dishes you can make with yam this Christmas |url=https://www.primenewsghana.com/lifestyle/recipe-wednesday-8-incredible-dishes-you-can-make-with-yam.html |access-date=2023-08-17 |website=Prime News Ghana |language=en-us}}</ref>
*Roasted Yam: This is one of the most popular street snacks. The white yam with brown bark is used to make this dish.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-08 |title=Recipe Wednesday: 8 incredible dishes you can make with yam this Christmas |url=https://www.primenewsghana.com/lifestyle/recipe-wednesday-8-incredible-dishes-you-can-make-with-yam.html |access-date=2023-08-17 |website=Prime News Ghana |language=en-us}}</ref>
==Soups and stews==
Most Ghanaian side dishes are served with a [[stew]], soup, or ''mako'' (a spicy condiment made from raw red and green [[chili pepper|chilies]], onions, and tomatoes ([[pepper sauce]])). Ghanaian stews and soups are quite sophisticated, with a liberal and delicate use of exotic ingredients
Vegetables such as palm nuts, peanuts, [[Taro|cocoyam]] leaves, [[Corchorus|''ayoyo'']], [[spinach]], wild [[Edible mushroom|mushroom]], [[okra]], garden eggs ([[eggplant]]), tomatoes, and various types of pulses are the main ingredients in Ghanaian soups and stews and in the case of [[Pulse (legume)|pulses]], may double as the main protein ingredient.
Beef, pork, goat, lamb, chicken, smoked turkey, [[tripe]], dried [[
[[File:Koobi.jpeg|thumbnail|230px|right |{{center|Koobi is dried [[tilapia]] that has been [[Salting (food)|salted]]}}]] They include
Meat, mushrooms, and seafood may be [[smoked]], salted, or dried for flavour enhancement and preservation. [[Salted fish|Salt fish]] is widely used to flavour fish
[[Palm oil]], coconut oil, [[shea butter]], [[palm kernel oil]], and [[peanut oil]] are important Ghanaian oils used for cooking or frying and may sometimes not be substituted for in certain Ghanaian dishes. For example, using palm oil in [[okro]] stew, ''eto'', ''fante fante'',<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20191215220509/http://betumiblog.blogspot.com/search?q=fante+fante BetumiBlog: Search results for fante fante<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> ''red red'' or ''Gabeans'', ''egusi'' stew, and ''mpihu/mpotompoto'' (similar to [[Poi (food)|poi]]).<ref>[https://archive.today/20120723054350/http://betumiblog.blogspot.com/search?q=mpihu BetumiBlog: Search results for mpihu<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> Coconut oil, palm kernel oil, and shea butter have lost their popularity for cooking in Ghana due to the introduction of refined oils and negative [[Media of Ghana|Ghanaian media]]
Common Ghanaian soups are [[Peanut|groundnut]] soup,<ref name=autogenerated1>[https://archive.today/20121130153926/http://betumiblog.blogspot.com/search?q=peanut+butter+soup BetumiBlog: Search results for peanut butter soup<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> [[Lightsoup|light (tomato) soup]],<ref name=autogenerated1 /> ''kontomire'' ([[taro]] leaves) soup, [[Palm Nut Soup|palm nut soup]],<ref>[http://betumiblog.blogspot.com/2010/11/ghanaian-gourmet-recipe-49-continued.html BetumiBlog: Ghanaian Gourmet-Recipe No. 49, continued: Palmnut Soup] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161012125031/http://betumiblog.blogspot.com/2010/11/ghanaian-gourmet-recipe-49-continued.html |date=12 October 2016 }}. Betumiblog.blogspot.com (4 November 2010). Retrieved 30 November 2011.</ref> [[Corchorus|''ayoyo'']] soup and [[okra]] soup.
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Ghanaian tomato stew or [[gravy]] is a stew that is often served with rice or ''[[waakye]]''. Other vegetable stews are made with ''kontomire'', garden eggs, ''[[egusi]]'' (pumpkin seeds), [[spinach]], okra, etc.
{{clear right}}
Among the Ewes, some soups are prepared with gboma (
==Breakfast==
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[[File:Making of local porridge called koko.jpg|thumb|Making of koko (local porridge)]]
Most of the dishes mentioned above are served during lunch and supper in modern Ghana. However, those engaged in manual labour and a large number of urban dwellers still eat these foods for breakfast and will usually buy them from the streets.
Another popular breakfast is called [[hausa koko]] (northern porridge). It is usually prepared in Northern Ghana, is sweet, and often eaten with [[koose]] or bread with groundnuts.
In large Ghanaian cities, working-class people would often take fruit, tea, chocolate
Bread is an important feature in Ghanaian
==Sweet foods==
[[File:Ghanaian Delicacy- Etor.jpg|thumb|260px|right|''[[Etor]]'' is a popular dish in south Ghana, prepared with plantain or with yam boiled and mashed, and mixed with palm oil. Groundnuts (peanuts) and eggs are used to garnish the dish.]]
There are many sweet local foods
Fried sweet foods include cubed and spiced ripe
[[Kebab]]s are popular [[barbecue|barbecue food]]s and can be made from beef, goat, pork, [[soy flour]], [[sausage|sausages]]
Steamed fresh maize, ''yakeyake'', ''kafa'', ''akyeke'', ''tubani, [[moin moin|moimoi]]'' (bean cake), ''emo dokonu'' ([[rice cake|rice]] cake), and ''esikyire dokonu'' (sweetened ''kenkey'') are all examples of steamed and boiled foods,
{{clear right}}
==Beverages==
[[File:Ghanaian Beverages and Drinks in Ghana Store.jpg|thumb|right|{{center|Ghanaian beverages at a convenience store in Ghana}}]]
In southern Ghana, Ghanaian drinks such as ''[[asaana]]'' (made from fermented maize) are common. Along [[Lake Volta]] and in southern Ghana, [[palm wine]] extracted from the [[palm tree]] can be found, but it ferments quickly, and then it is used to distill [[akpeteshie]] (a local gin). ''Akpeteshie'' can be distilled from molasses too. In addition, a beverage can be made from ''kenkey'' and [[refrigerate]]d into what is in Ghana known as [[ice kenkey]]. In northern Ghana,
In urban areas of Ghana, drinks may include fruit juice, [[Cocoa bean|cocoa]] drinks, fresh coconut water, [[yogurt]], [[ice cream]], [[carbonate]]d drinks, [[malt]] drinks, and [[soy milk]].<ref>[http://www.fanmilk-gh.net/ Fan Milk Limited |] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160908193502/http://www.fanmilk-gh.net/ |date=8 September 2016 }}. Fanmilk-gh.net (30 June 2011). Retrieved 30 November 2011.</ref><ref>[http://www.dic.com.gh/div-prog/coca-cola.html THE DIVESTITURE IMPLEMENTATION OF GHANA : The Divestiture Program] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120202235606/http://www.dic.com.gh/div-prog/coca-cola.html |date=2 February 2012 }}. Dic.com.gh. Retrieved 30 November 2011.</ref> In addition, Ghanaian distilleries produce alcoholic beverages from cocoa, malt, [[sugar cane]], local medicinal herbs, and tree barks. They include [[bitters]], [[liqueur]], dry [[gin]]s, beer, and [[aperitif]]s.<ref>[http://www.kasaprekogh.com/cms/our-brands/brand-viewer.html Kasapreko Company Limited produces alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages – an Accra, Ghana manufacturing company] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110903031159/http://www.kasaprekogh.com/cms/our-brands/brand-viewer.html |date=3 September 2011 }}. Kasaprekogh.com. Retrieved 30 November 2011.</ref><ref>[http://aami.org.gh/membership/members/-ghana-brewery-ltd Guinness Ghana Brewery Ltd. | Association of Alcohol Manufacturers and Importers]{{dead link|date=December 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. AAMI. Retrieved 30 November 2011.</ref>
==Street foods in Ghana==
[[Street food]] is very popular in both rural and urban areas of Ghana.
[[Ice kenkey]] is a popular chilled dessert sold by street vendors in open-air markets.<ref name="food-control">{{cite journal |first1=Amy |last1=Atter |first2=Hayford |last2=Ofori |first3=George Anabila |last3=Anyebuno |first4=Michael |last4=Amoo-Gyasi |first5=Wisdom Kofi |last5=Amoa-Awua |year=2015 |title=Safety of a street vended traditional maize beverage, ice-kenkey, in Ghana |journal=Food Control |volume=55 |pages=200–205 |doi=10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.02.043}}</ref>
''Kosua ne meko'' (eggs with pepper) is a street food sold mostly by street vendors.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kosua ne Meko (Eggs With Pepper Relish) Recipe |url=https://cooking.nytimes.com/recipes/1024548-kosua-ne-meko-eggs-with-pepper-relish |access-date=2023-08-26 |website=NYT Cooking |language=en-US}}</ref>
==Common Ghanaian dishes==
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== Further reading ==
There are
* {{Cite book |last=Osseo-Asare |first=Fran |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/896840053 |title=The Ghana cookbook |year=2018 |others=Barbara Baeta |publisher=Hippocrene Books |isbn=978-0-7818-1343-3 |location=New York |oclc=896840053}}
* Adjonyoh, Zoe (2021). Zoe's Ghana kitchen. New York: Voracious. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0316335034</nowiki>
==External links==
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