2016 Summer Olympics: Difference between revisions

|image_size = 200

|caption = Emblem of the 2016 Summer Olympics{{Efn|The official logo of the 2016 Summer Olympics was made in 3D design, made by Brazilian design company Tàtil Design; it was inspired by Brazil's rich history of festivals and its colorful people; it also symbolizes energy, passion and unity. The selected colours derived from the city's environment, symbolises the sun and Brazil's happy warm and nature.}}

|motto = ''A New World''<br />({{lang-pt|Um mundo novo}})

|nations = 207 (including [[Independent Olympic Athletes at the 2016 Summer Olympics|IOA]] and [[Refugee Olympic Team at the 2016 Summer Olympics|EOR]] teams)<ref name="olympic.org/rio-2016" />

|opening = 5 August 2016

|closing = 21 August 2016

|opened_by = [[Vice President of Brazil|Vice President]] [[Michel Temer]]{{efn|As acting president, discharging the powers and duties of the office of [[President of Brazil|President of the Federative Republic of Brazil]] in place of incumbent President [[Dilma Rousseff]], who was suspended from her duties as President during [[Impeachment of Dilma Rousseff|her impeachment trial]].{{citation needed|date=July 2021}}}}

|cauldron = [[Vanderlei Cordeiro de Lima]]

|summer_prev = [[2012 Summer Olympics|London 2012]]

|summer_next = [[2020 Summer Olympics|Tokyo 2020]]

{{2016 Summer Olympics}}

 

 

11,238 athletes from 207 nations took part in the 2016 Games, including first-time entrants [[Kosovo at the 2016 Summer Olympics|Kosovo]], [[South Sudan at the 2016 Summer Olympics|South Sudan]], and the [[Refugee Olympic Team at the 2016 Summer Olympics|Refugee Olympic Team]].<ref name="Olympic Athletes">{{Cite web |url=https://www.rio2016.com/en/athletes |title=Olympic Athletes |website=Rio2016.com |publisher=Rio 2016 Organising Committee for the Olympic and Paralympic Games |access-date=21 August 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160821031645/https://www.rio2016.com/en/athletes |archive-date=21 August 2016}}</ref><ref name="Rio2016">{{cite web |url=http://rio2016olympicswiki.com/about-rio-2016-summer-olympics/ |title=About Rio 2016 Summer Olympics |work=Rio 2016 Olympics Wiki |access-date=31 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150908075307/http://rio2016olympicswiki.com/about-rio-2016-summer-olympics/ |archive-date=8 September 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref> With 306 sets of medals, the Games featured 28 [[Olympic sports]], including [[rugby sevens]] and [[golf]], which were added to the Olympic program in 2009. These sporting events took place at 33 venues in the host city and at five separate venues in the Brazilian cities of [[São Paulo]], [[Belo Horizonte]], [[Salvador, Bahia|Salvador]], [[Brasília]], and [[Manaus]].

 

 

 

==Bidding process==

The bidding process for the 2016 Summer Olympics was officially launched on 16&nbsp;May 2007.<ref>{{cite press release |url=https://www.olympic.org/news/2016-bid-process-launched |title=2016 Bid Process Launched |website=olympic.org |publisher=[[International Olympic Committee]] |date=16 May 2007 |access-date=14 February 2017 |archive-date=15 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160815110443/https://www.olympic.org/news/2016-bid-process-launched |url-status=live}}</ref> The first step for each city was to submit an initial application to the International Olympic Committee by 13&nbsp;September 2007, confirming their intention to bid. Completed official bid files containing answers to a 25-question IOC form were to be submitted by each city by the deadline of 14&nbsp;January 2008. On 4&nbsp;June 2008, two months before the [[2008 Summer Olympics|Beijing Olympics]], four candidate cities were chosen for the shortlist: [[Chicago]], [[Madrid]], [[Rio de Janeiro]], and [[Tokyo]], which had already hosted the Summer Olympics in [[1964 Summer Olympics|1964]]. Three cities—[[Baku]], [[Doha]], and [[Prague]]—failed to reach the candidature phase. Doha was not promoted, despite scoring higher than the selected candidate city Rio de Janeiro, because of their proposal to host the Olympics in October, outside the IOC's sporting calendar, added with its problems while hosting the [[2006 Asian Games]], including deaths and illnesses involving athletes and volunteers. Others included lack of infrastructures, including beds for athletes and media reporters at that time.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/olympics/7435215.stm |title=Four on 2016 Olympics short-list |work=BBC Sport |date=4 June 2008 |access-date=15 March 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080829000719/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/olympics/7435215.stm |archive-date=29 August 2008 |url-status=live}}</ref>

 

 

Many safeguards were put in place to prevent bidding cities from communicating with or directly influencing the 115 IOC members eligible to vote in the elections. For example, cities could not invite any IOC member to visit, nor could they send anything that could be construed as a gift. Nonetheless, bidding cities invested large sums in their PR and media programs to indirectly influence the IOC members by garnering domestic support and backing from sports media and general international media.

 

==Development and preparation==

 

===Venues and infrastructure===

{{Main|Venues of the 2016 Summer Olympics and Paralympics}}

 

Events took place at eighteen existing venues, nine new venues constructed specifically for the Games, and seven temporary venues.<ref name="CF">{{citation |title=Rio de Janeiro 2016 Candidate File |url=http://urutau.proderj.rj.gov.br/rio2016_imagens/sumario/English/Per%20Volume/Volume%202_eng.pdf |volume=2 |date=16 February 2009 |publisher=BOC |chapter=Sports and Venues |chapter-url=http://www.rio2016.org.br/sumarioexecutivo/sumario/English/Per%20Theme/Volume%202/Theme_09.pdf |access-date=29 June 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130523011631/http://urutau.proderj.rj.gov.br/rio2016_imagens/sumario/English/Per%20Volume/Volume%202_eng.pdf |archive-date=23 May 2013 |pages=10–11 |postscript=.}}</ref>

{{Main|Barra Olympic Park}}

 

The Barra Olympic Park is a cluster of nine sporting venues in [[Barra da Tijuca]], in the west zone of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The site was formerly occupied by the [[Autódromo Internacional Nelson Piquet]], also known as the Jacarepaguá Formula One circuit.<ref name="abcnews-2013">{{cite news |last1=Lewis |first1=Peter |title=Rio Olympics 2016: Brazilian city in a race against time to be ready to play host to the Games |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2013-09-15/rio-prepares-for-olympic-sized-makeover/4958554 |website=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News Australia]] |publisher=[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]] |access-date=14 May 2016 |date=15 September 2013 |archive-date=4 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160804170624/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2013-09-15/rio-prepares-for-olympic-sized-makeover/4958554 |url-status=live}}</ref>

 

{{Main|Football at the 2016 Summer Olympics}}

 

Image:Olympic_Stadium_(Engenhão),_Rio_de_Janeiro,_Brazil.jpg|[[Estádio Olímpico Nilton Santos|Olympic Stadium]] <br /> [[Rio de Janeiro]], RJ

</gallery>

 

 

===Sustainability===

 

 

 

 

==The Games==

===Opening ceremony===

{{main|2016 Summer Olympics opening ceremony|2016 Summer Olympics Parade of Nations}}

 

The ceremony included the inaugural presentation of the [[Olympic Laurel]], an honor bestowed by the IOC on those that have made "significant achievements in education, culture, development and peace through sport"; the trophy was awarded to Kenyan athlete [[Kipchoge Keino]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Kip Keino to receive Olympic Laurel distinction |url=https://www.olympic.org/news/kip-keino-to-receive-olympic-laurel-distinction |date=4 August 2016 |website=olympic.org |publisher=[[International Olympic Committee|IOC]] |access-date=15 August 2016 |archive-date=25 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180825182928/https://www.olympic.org/news/kip-keino-to-receive-olympic-laurel-distinction |url-status=live}}</ref> The Games were officially opened by the [[acting president]] of Brazil, [[Michel Temer]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/olympics/rio-2016/2016/08/05/no-introduction-brazil-president-michel-temer/88319094/ |title=No introduction for Brazil's president at start of opening ceremony |first=Rachel |last=Axon |newspaper=USA Today |date=6 August 2016 |access-date=6 August 2016 |archive-date=24 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171224160834/https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/olympics/rio-2016/2016/08/05/no-introduction-brazil-president-michel-temer/88319094/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

 

 

Following the opening ceremony, a public cauldron was lit in front of the [[Candelária Church]] by Jorge Gomes, a 14-year-old Brazilian athlete who had escaped from poverty to train as a runner.<ref name="cbcnews-outdoorcauldron">{{cite web |title=Formerly homeless boy who lit Olympic cauldron now has 'beautiful life' |url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/rio-olympics-boy-who-lit-cauldron-1.3716398 |last=Brunhuber |first=Kim |date=12 August 2016 |website=[[CBC.ca]] |access-date=22 August 2016 |archive-date=10 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191010235055/https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/rio-olympics-boy-who-lit-cauldron-1.3716398 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="jorge">{{cite web |title=Vanderlei Cordeiro de Lima se eterniza como herói e ganha a medalha de ouro |trans-title=Vanderlei Cordeiro de Lima immortalizes himself as an Olympic hero and 'wins' gold |date=6 August 2016 |last=Klotz |first=Fabio |url=http://odia.ig.com.br/esporte/olimpiada/2016-08-06/vanderlei-cordeiro-de-lima-se-eterniza-como-heroi-olimpico-e-ganha-o-ouro.html |website=[[O Dia]] |access-date=21 August 2016 |archive-date=10 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160810062418/http://odia.ig.com.br/esporte/olimpiada/2016-08-06/vanderlei-cordeiro-de-lima-se-eterniza-como-heroi-olimpico-e-ganha-o-ouro.html |url-status=live}}.</ref>

[[Image:Golfe Rio 2016.jpg|thumb|[[Olympic golf course (Rio de Janeiro)|Olympic Golf Course]]]]

 

 

{|class="wikitable"

*Aquatics

**{{GamesSport|Diving|Events=8|Format=d}}

**{{GamesSport|Synchronized swimming|Events=2|Format=d}}

**{{GamesSport|Water polo|Events=2|Format=d}}

*{{GamesSport|Rowing|Events=14|Format=d}}

*{{GamesSport|Rugby sevens|Events=2|Format=d}}

{{Col-4-of-4}}

*{{GamesSport|Shooting|Events=15|Format=d}}

*{{GamesSport|Table tennis|Events=4|Format=d}}

The 2016 Summer Olympics were the first Games in which [[Kosovo at the 2016 Summer Olympics|Kosovo]] and [[South Sudan at the 2016 Summer Olympics|South Sudan]] were eligible to participate. Bulgarian and Russian weightlifters were banned from Rio Olympics for numerous anti-doping violations.<ref>{{cite news |title=Bulgarian weightlifters banned from Rio Olympics after CAS rejects appeal against ban for doping violations |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-01-30/cas-rejects-bulgarias-appeal-against-olympic-weightlifting-ban/7126654 |website=[[ABC News (Australia)|abc.net.au]] |agency=Reuters |date=29 January 2016 |access-date=26 July 2016 |archive-date=6 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180106155225/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-01-30/cas-rejects-bulgarias-appeal-against-olympic-weightlifting-ban/7126654 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.iwf.net/2016/06/22/strong-statement-by-the-iwf-executive-board/ |title=Strong statement by the IWF Executive Board |work=[[International Weightlifting Federation|IWF]] |date=22 June 2016 |access-date=4 August 2016 |archive-date=10 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160910163615/http://www.iwf.net/2016/06/22/strong-statement-by-the-iwf-executive-board/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

 

[[File:2016 Summer Olympics team numbers.svg|thumb|center|upright=2.8|Country by team size]]

[[File:2016 Summer Olympic games countries.svg|thumb|center|upright=2.8|Participating countries color code<br /><span style="color:#1e90ff;">Blue</span> = Participated for the first time in 2016.<br />

* {{flagIOC|ALG|2016 Summer|64}}

* {{flagIOC|ASA|2016 Summer|4}}

* {{flagIOC|ARU|2016 Summer|7}}

* {{flagIOC|AUT|2016 Summer|71}}

* {{flagIOC|AZE|2016 Summer|56}}

* {{flagIOC|BAH|2016 Summer|28}}

* {{flagIOC|BAN|2016 Summer|7}}

* {{flagIOC|BIZ|2016 Summer|3}}

* {{flagIOC|BEN|2016 Summer|6}}

* {{flagIOC|BIH|2016 Summer|11}}

* {{flagIOC|BOT|2016 Summer|12}}

* {{flagIOC|IVB|2016 Summer|4}}

* {{flagIOC|BRU|2016 Summer|3}}

* {{flagIOC|BUR|2016 Summer|5}}

* {{flagIOC|BDI|2016 Summer|9}}

* {{flagIOC|CAM|2016 Summer|6}}

* {{flagIOC|CPV|2016 Summer|5}}

* {{flagIOC|CAY|2016 Summer|5}}

* {{flagIOC|CHA|2016 Summer|2}}

* {{flagIOC|CHI|2016 Summer|42}}

* {{flagIOC|COM|2016 Summer|4}}

* {{flagIOC|CGO|2016 Summer|10}}

* {{flagIOC|COD|2016 Summer|4}}

* {{flagIOC|COK|2016 Summer|9}}

* {{flagIOC|DJI|2016 Summer|7}}

* {{flagIOC|DMA|2016 Summer|2}}

* {{flagIOC|ESA|2016 Summer|8}}

* {{flagIOC|ERI|2016 Summer|12}}

* {{flagIOC|GAB|2016 Summer|6}}

* {{flagIOC|GAM|2016 Summer|4}}

* {{flagIOC|GUM|2016 Summer|5}}

* {{flagIOC|GUA|2016 Summer|21}}

* {{flagIOC|GUY|2016 Summer|6}}

* {{flagIOC|HAI|2016 Summer|10}}

* {{flagIOC|ISL|2016 Summer|8}}

* {{flagIOC|INA|2016 Summer|28}}

* {{flagIOC|CIV|2016 Summer|12}}

* {{flagIOC|JOR|2016 Summer|8}}

* {{flagIOC|KIR|2016 Summer|3}}

* {{flagIOC|KOS|2016 Summer|8}}

* {{flagIOC|IOA|2016 Summer|9}}

* {{flagIOC|KGZ|2016 Summer|19}}

* {{flagIOC|LAO|2016 Summer|6}}

* {{flagIOC|LIB|2016 Summer|9}}

* {{flagIOC|LES|2016 Summer|8}}

* {{flagIOC|MHL|2016 Summer|5}}

* {{flagIOC|MTN|2016 Summer|2}}

* {{flagIOC|FSM|2016 Summer|5|name=Micronesia}}

* {{flagIOC|MDA|2016 Summer|23}}

* {{flagIOC|MON|2016 Summer|3}}

* {{flagIOC|MGL|2016 Summer|43}}

* {{flagIOC|MOZ|2016 Summer|6}}

* {{flagIOC|MYA|2016 Summer|7}}

* {{flagIOC|NRU|2016 Summer|2}}

* {{flagIOC|NEP|2016 Summer|7}}

* {{flagIOC|NCA|2016 Summer|5}}

* {{flagIOC|NIG|2016 Summer|6}}

* {{flagIOC|NOR|2016 Summer|62}}

* {{flagIOC|OMA|2016 Summer|4}}

* {{flagIOC|PER|2016 Summer|29}}

* {{flagIOC|PHI|2016 Summer|13}}

* {{flagIOC|ROT|2016 Summer|10}}

* {{flagIOC|LCA|2016 Summer|5}}

* {{flagIOC|VIN|2016 Summer|4}}

* {{flagIOC|SAM|2016 Summer|8}}

* {{flagIOC|STP|2016 Summer|3}}

* {{flagIOC|SEN|2016 Summer|22}}

* {{flagIOC|SRB|2016 Summer|103}}

* {{flagIOC|SIN|2016 Summer|25}}

* {{flagIOC|SVK|2016 Summer|51}}

* {{flagIOC|SOL|2016 Summer|3}}

* {{flagIOC|SOM|2016 Summer|2}}

* {{flagIOC|SRI|2016 Summer|9}}

* {{flagIOC|SUD|2016 Summer|6}}

* {{flagIOC|SUR|2016 Summer|6}}

* {{flagIOC|SWZ|2016 Summer|2}}

* {{flagIOC|SYR|2016 Summer|7}}

* {{flagIOC|TJK|2016 Summer|7}}

* {{flagIOC|TAN|2016 Summer|7}}

* {{flagIOC|TOG|2016 Summer|5}}

* {{flagIOC|TGA|2016 Summer|7}}

* {{flagIOC|TUN|2016 Summer|61}}

* {{flagIOC|TKM|2016 Summer|9}}

* {{flagIOC|TUV|2016 Summer|1}}

* {{flagIOC|UGA|2016 Summer|21}}

* {{flagIOC|USA|2016 Summer|554}}

* {{flagIOC|URU|2016 Summer|17}}

* {{flagIOC|UZB|2016 Summer|70}}

* {{flagIOC|VAN|2016 Summer|4}}

* {{flagIOC|ISV|2016 Summer|7}}

* {{flagIOC|YEM|2016 Summer|3}}

* {{flagIOC|ZAM|2016 Summer|7}}

{{div col end}}

|}

{|class="wikitable collapsible collapsed sortable" style="border:0;"

|-

! Country

! Athletes

=== Cost ===

[[File:Centro_Olímpico_de_Deodoro.jpg|thumb|[[Deodoro Olympic Whitewater Stadium]]]]

 

Indirect capital costs were not included, such as for road, rail, or airport infrastructure, for hotel upgrades, or other business investment incurred in preparation for the Games but not directly related to staging the Games. The Rio Olympics' cost of US$4.6&nbsp;billion compares with costs of US$40–44&nbsp;billion for [[2008 Summer Olympics|Beijing 2008]] and US$51&nbsp;billion for [[2014 Winter Olympics|Sochi 2014]], the two most expensive Olympics in history. The average cost of the Summer Games since 1960 is US$5.2&nbsp;billion.<ref name="cost"/>

=== Political and economic crisis ===

{{Main|2014 Brazilian economic crisis|Operation Car Wash|Impeachment of Dilma Rousseff}}

 

In 2014, [[Operation Car Wash]], an investigation by the [[Federal Police of Brazil]], uncovered unprecedented [[money laundering]] and corruption at the state-controlled oil company [[Petrobras]]. In early 2015, a series of protests against alleged corruption by the government of President [[Dilma Rousseff]] began in Brazil, triggered by revelations that numerous politicians were involved in the Petrobras affair. By early 2016, the scandal had escalated into a full-blown political crisis affecting not only President Rousseff, but also former President [[Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva]], resulting in [[2015–2016 protests in Brazil|widespread demonstrations involving millions of protesters]],<ref>{{cite news |last1=Flynn |first1=Daniel |last2=Soto |first2=Alonso |title=Record Brazil protests put Rousseff's future in doubt |url=http://reuters.com/article/idUSKCN0WF0IX |access-date=14 March 2016 |work=Reuters |date=14 March 2016 |archive-date=6 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106040951/https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSKCN0WF0IX |url-status=live}}</ref> both anti- and pro-Rousseff.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/09/business/international/effects-of-petrobras-scandal-leave-brazilians-lamenting-a-lost-dream.html |title=Petrobras Oil Scandal Leaves Brazilians Lamenting a Lost Dream |work=[[The New York Times]] |first=David |last=Segal |author-link=David Segal (reporter) |date=7 August 2015 |access-date=1 March 2017 |archive-date=4 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170304101507/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/09/business/international/effects-of-petrobras-scandal-leave-brazilians-lamenting-a-lost-dream.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Grandin |first=Greg |title=Millennials Are Taking to the Streets to Defend Democracy in Brazil |url=http://www.thenation.com/article/millennials-are-taking-to-the-streets-to-defend-democracy-in-brazil/ |access-date=5 June 2016 |work=[[The Nation]] |date=22 March 2016 |archive-date=4 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160604183340/http://www.thenation.com/article/millennials-are-taking-to-the-streets-to-defend-democracy-in-brazil/ |url-status=live}}</ref> At the same time, Brazil faced its worst economic recession since the 1990s, raising questions about whether the country was adequately prepared to host the Olympic Games against a volatile political and economic backdrop. On 12&nbsp;May 2016, President Rousseff was stripped of her powers and duties for 180 days after an [[Impeachment process against Dilma Rousseff|impeachment]] vote in the [[Brazilian Senate|Federal Senate]], with Vice President [[Michel Temer]] standing in as [[acting president]] during the Games.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://g1.globo.com/politica/processo-de-impeachment-de-dilma/noticia/2016/05/processo-de-impeachment-e-aberto-e-dilma-e-afastada-por-ate-180-dias.html |title=Processo de impeachment é aberto, e Dilma é afastada por até 180 dias |language=pt |website=[[G1 (website)|g1.globo.com]] |publisher=[[Rede Globo]] |date=12 May 2016 |access-date=14 February 2017 |archive-date=28 July 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160728014404/http://g1.globo.com/politica/processo-de-impeachment-de-dilma/noticia/2016/05/processo-de-impeachment-e-aberto-e-dilma-e-afastada-por-ate-180-dias.html |url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Zika virus ===

{{Main|2015–16 Zika virus epidemic}}

 

An [[2015–16 Zika virus epidemic|outbreak]] of the mosquito-borne [[Zika virus]] in Brazil raised fears regarding its potential impact on athletes and visitors. To prevent puddles of stagnant water that allow mosquitoes to breed, organizers announced plans to perform daily inspections of Olympic venues.<ref>{{cite news |title=Zika virus: Olympic venues to be inspected daily before and during Games |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/olympics/35444254 |access-date=30 January 2016 |work=BBC Sport |date=29 January 2016 |archive-date=29 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160129203943/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/olympics/35444254 |url-status=live}}</ref> Zika virus transmission was also attributed to [[#Sanitation|inefficient sewage treatment]] in the area, an issue that was also in the process of being addressed for the Games.<ref name="atlantic 20160331">{{cite web |last=Khazan |first=Olga |title=What Happens When There's Poop in the Water |website=The Atlantic |date=31 March 2016 |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2016/03/what-happens-when-theres-sewage-in-the-water/476013/ |access-date=30 June 2016 |archive-date=2 July 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160702140437/http://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2016/03/what-happens-when-theres-sewage-in-the-water/476013/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

 

=== Security ===

[[File:Força Aérea Brasileira (FAB) faz treinamento de interceptação aérea para os Jogos Olímpicos de 2016.jpg|thumb|[[Northrop F-5|F-5EM Tiger II]] fighter jet of the [[Brazilian Air Force]] during an air intercept training for Rio 2016]]

 

The governor of Rio de Janeiro also highlighted the fact that London faced security problems, with a [[7 July 2005 London bombings|terrorist attack]] occurring just a day after it was awarded the [[2012 Summer Olympics]]. The estimate was that 5,000 men of the [[National Public Security Force]] and 22,000 military officers (14,800 [[Brazilian Army|Army]]; 5,900 [[Brazilian Navy|Navy]] and 1,300 of the [[Brazilian Air Force]]), in addition to the fixed quota of Rio January, would act during the Olympic Games.<ref name="terror">{{cite web |url=https://noticias.terra.com.br/brasil/terroristas-divulgam-manual-para-ataques-nos-jogos-do-rio,d1b74e02f0b59b2b098ab6bd5f2783ddcxutstz6.html |title=Terroristas divulgam 'manual' para ataques nos Jogos do Rio |date=20 July 2016 |publisher=Terra |access-date=25 July 2016 |language=pt |archive-date=21 July 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160721112206/https://noticias.terra.com.br/brasil/terroristas-divulgam-manual-para-ataques-nos-jogos-do-rio,d1b74e02f0b59b2b098ab6bd5f2783ddcxutstz6.html |url-status=live}}</ref>

 

 

===Russian doping scandal===