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{{Infobox settlement
{{infobox ethnic group|
|groupofficial_name = Hannahville Potawatomi Indian Community
|settlement_type = [[Indian reservation]]
|image=
|nickname =
|poptime= 666
|motto =
|popplace=[[Michigan]]
 
|rels=Christianity, traditional tribal religion
<!-- Images -->
|langs=[[English language|English]]
|image_skyline =
|related= [[Ojibwa]], [[Odawa]]
|imagesize =
|image_caption =
|image_flag =
|image_seal =
 
<!-- Maps -->
|pushpin_map =Michigan
|pushpin_label_position = right
|pushpin_label =Hannahville
|pushpin_map_caption =Location within the state of Michigan
|pushpin_mapsize =
|image_map = Hannahville Indian Community location3.png
|mapsize = 250
|map_caption = Locations within [[Menominee County, Michigan|Menominee County]] (left) and [[Delta County, Michigan|Delta County]] (right)
 
<!-- Location -->
|subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
|subdivision_name = United States
|subdivision_type1 = [[U.S. state|State]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[Michigan]]
|subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in Michigan|Counties]]
|subdivision_name2 = [[Delta County, Michigan|Delta]] and [[Menominee County, Michigan|Menominee]]
 
<!-- Government -->
|government_footnotes =
|government_type = [[Tribal council]]
|leader_title = Chairperson
|leader_name = Kenneth Meshigaud
|leader_title1 =
|leader_name1 =
|established_title = Founded
|established_date = 1884
 
<!-- Area -->
|unit_pref = Imperial
|area_footnotes =
|area_magnitude =
|area_total_km2 =
|area_land_km2 =
|area_water_km2 =
|area_total_sq_mi =
|area_land_sq_mi =
|area_water_sq_mi =
 
<!-- Population -->
|population_as_of = 2013
|population_footnotes =
|population_total = 891
|population_density_km2 =
|population_density_sq_mi =
 
<!-- General information -->
| timezone = [[Central Time Zone|Central (CST)]]
| utc_offset = −6
| timezone_DST = [[Central Daylight Time|CDT]]
| utc_offset_DST = −5
|elevation_footnotes =
|elevation_m =
|elevation_ft =
|coordinates = {{coord|45|38|52|N|87|20|42|W|display=inline,title}}
 
<!-- Area/postal codes & others -->
|postal_code_type = [[ZIP Code|ZIP code(s)]]
|postal_code = 49807
|area_code = [[Area code 906|906]]
|blank_name =
|blank_info =
|blank1_name =
|blank1_info =
|website = {{URL|http://www.hannahville.net|Official website}}
|footnotes =
}}
[[Image:MichiganIndianReservations.svg|thumb|270px|Map showing sites of Indian reservations in northern Michigan.]]
The '''Hannahville Potawatomi Indian Community''' is a [[List of Native American Tribal Entities|federally recognized]] [[Potawatomi]] [[tribe]] residing in [[Upper Peninsula of Michigan|Michigan's Upper Peninsula]], approximately 15 miles west of [[Escanaba, Michigan|Escanaba]]. The reservation, at {{coord|45|46|59|N|87|25|23|W|scale:100000}}, lies mostly in [[Harris Township, Michigan|Harris Township]] in eastern [[Menominee County, Michigan|Menominee County]], but a small part is located in northeastern [[Gourley Township, Michigan|Gourley Township]], also in Menominee County, and another in [[Bark River Township, Michigan|Bark River Township]] in adjacent southwestern [[Delta County, Michigan|Delta County]].
 
The '''Hannahville Indian Community''' is a [[List of Native American Tribal Entities|federally recognized]] [[Potawatomi]] [[tribe]] residing in [[Upper Peninsula of Michigan|Michigan's Upper Peninsula]], approximately {{Convert|15|mi}} west of [[Escanaba, Michigan|Escanaba]] on a {{Convert|8.5755|sqmi|adj=on}} [[Indian reservation|reservation]]. The reservation, at {{coord|45|46|59|N|87|25|23|W|scale:100000}}, lies mostly in [[Harris Township, Michigan|Harris Township]] in eastern [[Menominee County, Michigan|Menominee County]], but small parts are located in northeastern [[Gourley Township, Michigan|Gourley Township]], in Menominee County, and in [[Bark River Township, Michigan|Bark River Township]] in adjacent southwestern [[Delta County, Michigan|Delta County]].
The [[United States Census, 2000|2000 census]] reported a resident population of 395 persons within its territory, most of whom were of Native American heritage. As of 2006, the tribe had an enrolled membership of 666 people, 344 of whom resided on the 8.5755 sq mi (22.21 km²) reservation.
 
The [[2020 United States census|2020 census]] reported a resident population of 720 persons within its territory, most of whom were of Native American heritage.<ref name="2020-census-1410" /> {{As of|2013|6|3|df=US}}, the tribe had an enrolled membership of 891 people.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hannahville.net/about-us/|title=About Us|website=Hannahville Community|access-date=2016-06-26}}</ref>
 
==History==
The people of Hannahville are descendants of PotawatomiePotawatomi people who refused to leave [[Michigan]] in 1834 for [[Indian Territory]] during the great [[Indian removal]].<ref>Bruce Vandervort. [httphttps://books.google.com/books?id=VilwWL9RMywC&pg=PA25&lpg=PA25&dq=%22great+indian+removal%22&sourcepg=web&ots=cJhtMg-2TA&sig=2Tv_dVa-WtWDWL2PD0DKOzca2sAPA25 ''Indian Wars of Mexico, Canada and the United States, 1812-1900''], Routledge, 2006.</ref> For a period, they moved away from Michigan, living with the [[Menomini|Menominee]] in northern [[Wisconsin]] and the [[Ojibwa|Ojibwe]] and [[Odawa people|Ottawa]] peoples in [[Canada]]. The Potawatomi, the Ojibwe, and Odawa are part of the Council of the Three Fires. In 1853, some Potawatomie returned to Michigan. It was at this time they settled along the mouth of the [[Big Cedar River]] at [[Lake Michigan]].
For a period, they moved away from Michigan, living with the [[Menomini|Menominee]] in northern [[Wisconsin]], and the [[Ojibwa|Ojibwe]] and [[Odawa people|Ottawa]] peoples in [[Canada]]. The Potawatomie, together with the Ojibwe and Odawa, are part of the Council of the Three Fires. In 1853, some Potawatomie returned to Michigan. It was at this time they settled along the mouth of the [[Big Cedar River]] at [[Lake Michigan]].
 
According to the [[Methodist Church]], [[Peter Marksman]] was sent to the area as an assistant minister. During this time, he was credited with finding a parcel of land and moving the Potawatomi people to the current location. Some church records report that, as the Potawatomi were very fond of Marksman's wife, Hannah, they named their community after her.
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The first designation of this area as specifically Potawatomi land was recorded by the US federal government in 1870.<ref>Walter Romig, ''Michigan Place Names'', p. 250</ref> The reservation was established by an act of Congress in 1913.
 
Under the [[Indian Reorganization Act of 1934]], the tribe wrote a constitution and organized an elected form of government. ItThe wasfederal government officially recognized by the federal governmentit in 1937. Members elect a 12-person Tribal Council, which makes decisions for governing the community.
 
In 1966, the tribe joined with three others in Michigan to establish the [[Inter-Tribal Council of Michigan, Inc.]] Other founding members were [[Keweenaw Bay Indian Community]], [[Bay Mills Indian Community]], and [[Saginaw Chippewa Indian Tribe]]. These small tribes wanted to work together for joint welfare, to manage joint projects, and to improve relations with the state and federal governments.
 
==Reservation improvements==
In 1966, the reservation acquired electricity for the first time. The “Lights"Lights for Christmas Project”Project" was a multi-agency sponsored effort. Agencies involved included the Upper Peninsula Committee for Area Progress (UPCAP), the Community Action Agency, the [[Bureau of Indian Affairs]], and the [[Marquette Catholic Diocese]]. In December 1966, linemen from the Alger-Delta Cooperative Electric Association of [[Gladstone, Michigan]], began running electrical lines from the Harris area (i.e., West U.S. 2) onto the Hannahville Indian Reservation, a distance of approximately five miles{{Convert|5|mi|4=0|spell=in}}. The cable installation was completed on Dec. 23, 1966.{{citation needed|date=December 2015}}
 
A team of 40 volunteer electricians from throughout the state began wiring 16 reservation homes to receive electricity. All 40 electricians were members of the International Brotherhood of Electricians. The 16 homes were completed and ready for “flipping"flipping the switch”switch" late that evening. On Dec. 23, 1966, at 3 p.m. EST, a small handful offew local county officials and community members watched as “hotlines”"hotlines" were activated at Hannahville for the first time.{{citation needed|date=December 2015}}
 
The Marquette Catholic Diocese donated the $6,000 abandonment deposit required by the Alger-Delta Cooperative Electric Association. Each of the 16 households to receive electricity paid the Cooperative membership fee of $5. InDuring this same period, the BIA had approved a housing project for new residences in Hannahville. The cooperative required the deposit against the contingency that the new houses might not be built.{{citation needed|date=December 2015}}
 
==Geography==
According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the Hannahville Indian Community in 2020 had an area of {{convert|5.57|sqmi|acre km2}}, all of it land. The community also had {{convert|3.57|sqmi|acre km2}} of [[off-reservation trust land]]. The combined reservation and off-reservation trust land have a total area of {{convert|9.14|sqmi|km2}}.<ref name="gaz2020">{{cite web|title=2020 Gazetteer Files |url=https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/time-series/geo/gazetteer-files.2020.html |website=census.gov |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=29 July 2022}}</ref>
 
==Demographics==
As of the [[2020 United States census|census of 2020]],<ref name="2020-census-1410">{{cite web|title=2020 Decennial Census: Hannahville Indian Community and Off-Reservation Trust Land, MI |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?g=2500000US1410&y=2020&d=DEC%20Redistricting%20Data%20%28PL%2094-171%29 |website=data.census.gov |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=29 July 2022}}</ref> the population of the Hannahville Indian Community and off-reservation trust land was 720. Of these residents, 325 lived within the community, and 395 lived on off-reservation trust land. The [[population density]] was {{convert|78.8|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|1}}. There were 262 housing units at an average density of {{convert|28.7|/sqmi|/km2|1}}. The racial makeup of the reservation and off-reservation trust land was 75.1% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 13.1% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 0.1% [[Black (U.S. Census)|Black]] or [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.1% from [[Race and ethnicity in the United States census|other races]], and 11.5% from two or more races. Ethnically, the population was 2.4% [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race.
 
==Community==
According to the 1990 Census of Population and Housing for Michigan, the per capita income for the Hannahville community in 1989 was $4,625, whereas the per capita for the state of Michigan was $14,154.<ref>U.S. Department of Commerce. ''1990 Census of Population and Housing, Michigan,'' May 1992. Hannahville p. 396, Michigan p. 238</ref>
 
Approximately 100 additional members live nearby and access services on the Reservation. Since the late 20th century, the Tribe has been committed to developing [[Environmental movement|environmental protection]] programs to ensure a healthy and safe environment for current and future generations.
 
==Education==
[[Hannahville Indian School]] is the tribal school.
 
==See also==
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==References==
*[httphttps://factfinderwww.census.gov/servlet/DTTable?_bm=y&-context=dt&-ds_name=DEC_2000_SF1_U&-CONTEXT=dt&-mt_name=DEC_2000_SF1_U_P001&-mt_name=DEC_2000_SF1_U_P003&-tree_id=4001&-transpose=N&-redoLog=false&-all_geo_types=Y&-geo_id=25000US1410&-geo_id=27000US141026041&-geo_id=27000US141026109&-search_results=25000US1410&-_showChild=Y&-format=&-_lang=en&-show_geoid=Y Hannahville Community and Off-Reservation Trust Land, Michigan] United States Census Bureau
<references/>
 
==External links==
* [http://www.hannahville.net/ Official Tribe website]
* [http://www.potawatomilanguage.org Potawatomi Language Vocabulary, Audio & Video, Interactive Language Games, Online Language Courses] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080120235125/http://www.potawatomilanguage.org/ |date=2008-01-20 }}
* [http://www.hannahvilleschool.net Hannahville Indian School - Nah Tah Wahsh PSA]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060413082812/http://www.hvl.bia.edu/Hannahville/HannahvillePotawatomi.htm "Recollections of Earl J. Meshigaud, Sr."], Hannahville Potawatomi, hosted by BIA
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060212165643/http://www.itcmi.org/thehistorytribal1.html "Hannahville Potawatomi Indian Community"], Inter-tribal Council of Michigan, 2012
*[http://www.mainlymichigan.com/nativedata/ Native Americans in Michigan Databases], Mainly Michigan website, includes "Durant Roll of 1908" and "Mt. Pleasant Indian School Register (1893 to 1932)"
 
{{Native American Tribes in Michigan}}
{{Anishinaabe}}
{{Native American rights}}
{{Delta County, Michigan}}
{{Menominee County, Michigan}}
 
{{authority control}}
[[Category:Potawatomi]]
 
[[Category:1870 establishments in Michigan]]
[[Category:American Indian reservations in Michigan]]
[[Category:Anishinaabe reservations and tribal-areas in the United States]]
[[Category:Anishinaabe communities in the United States]]
[[Category:AmericanDelta Indian reservations inCounty, Michigan]]
[[Category:Federally recognized tribes in the United States]]
[[Category:Great Lakes tribes]]
[[Category:Menominee County, Michigan]]
[[Category:Native American tribes in Michigan]]
[[Category:Federally recognized tribes in the United StatesPotawatomi]]
[[Category:1870 establishments in Michigan]]
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