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{{Short description|Submarines built in Soviet Union during World War II}}
{{For|other submarine classes with the same name|M-class submarine (disambiguation){{!}}M-class submarine}}
{{More footnotes needed|date=April 2009}}
{|{{Infobox ship begin |sclass=2}}
{{Infobox ship image
|Ship image=Naval
|Ship caption=Series XII M-class submarine
}}
{{Infobox ship class overview
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|Builders=
|Operators=*{{navy|Soviet Union}}
*{{navy|Poland|naval-1946}}
*{{navy|China}}
*{{navy|Bulgaria|naval-1955}}
*{{navy|Egypt}}
|Class before=None
|Class after={{sclass2|Quebec|submarine|4}}
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|}
The '''M-class submarines''', also '''''Malyutka'' class''' ({{lang-ru|Малютка}}; ''baby'' or ''little one''), were a class of small, single-, or 1½-hulled [[coastal submarine]]s built in the [[Soviet Union]] and used during [[World War II]]. The submarines were built in sections so they could easily be transported by rail. The production was centered in the [[Krasnoye Sormovo Factory No. 112|Gorky Shipyard]] on the [[Volga River]], after which the sections were transported by railway to [[Leningrad]] for assembly and fitting out. This was the first use of welding on Soviet submarines.
==History==
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Submarines of this class were in four series: VI, VI-bis, XII, XV. The number of VI and VI-bis series boats were almost equal. Series XII was a re-developed project with equivalent tactical characteristics. The first series were powered by one [[diesel engine]] and one electric motor. Series XV had developed separately with improved characteristics, including the main [[ballast]] in light hull and two [[Propeller|shafts]]. These vessels were mainly used by the [[Black Sea Fleet]] and the [[Baltic Fleet]].
Although the design was satisfactory, only limited results were obtained and losses were heavy with 33 submarines sunk between 1941 and 1945. ''M-103'' disappeared in the [[Baltic Sea]] in mid-August 1941. The wreck was discovered in the late 1990s during a [[NATO]] minesweeping training exercise.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wartsila.com/twentyfour7/environment/project-baseline-in-finland-raises-awareness-of-the-baltic-sea-s-secrets|title=Project Baseline in Finland raises awareness of the Baltic Sea's secrets}}</ref> Seven submarines were lost in the [[Black Sea]], four [[Depth charge|depth-charged]] and sunk by Romanian warships (''M-31'' by the [[flotilla leader]] {{ship|NMS|Mărășești||2}},
and three were sunk in [[Naval mine|minefields]] laid by the Romanian [[minelayer]]s {{ship|NMS|Amiral Murgescu||2}}, ''Dacia'' and ''Regele Carol I''.<ref>Mikhail Monakov, Jurgen Rohwer, ''Stalin's Ocean-going Fleet: Soviet Naval Strategy and Shipbuilding Programs 1935-1953'', pp. 265 and 266</ref> By 1945, some 111 M-class submarines had been completed, with another 30 XV-series completed between 1945 and 1947.
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*''M-120''
*''M-121'' (lost in November 1942)
*''M-122'' (lost on 14 May 1943, sunk by [[Jagdgeschwader 5]]{{sfn|Mombeek|2001|p=246}})
*''M-171''
*''[[Soviet submarine M-172|M-172]]'' (lost in October 1943)
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{{Reflist}}
===Bibliography===
*
* {{Cite book
|last=Bertke
|first=Donald A.
|year=2012
|title=World War II Sea War, Vol 4: Germany Sends Russia to the Allies: Day-to-Day Naval Actions June 1941 through December 1941
|publisher=Bertke Publications
|location=Dayton Ohio
|isbn=978-1-937470-03-6
}}
* {{Cite book
|last=Mombeek
|first=Eric
|date=2001
|title=Eismeerjäger—Zur Geschichte des Jagdgeschwaders 5—Band 1—Zerstörrerstaffel und Jabostaffel
|trans-title=Fighters in the Arctic Sea—The History of the 5th Fighter Wing—Volume 1—Destroyer Squadron and Fighter Bomber Squadron
|location=Linkebeek, Belgium
|publisher=ASBL, La Porte d'Hoves
|isbn=978-2-9600236-3-3
}}
*{{cite book|last=Whitley|first=M. J.|title=Destroyers of World War Two: An International Encyclopedia |year=2000| publisher=Cassell & Co.|location=London|isbn=1-85409-521-8|author-link=Michael J. Whitley}}
{{WWII Soviet ships}}
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[[Category:Submarines of the Soviet Navy]]
[[Category:World War II submarines of the Soviet Union| ]]
[[Category:Russian and Soviet
[[Category:Soviet M-class submarines| ]]
[[Category:Ships of the People's Liberation Army Navy]]
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