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{{Short description|Improper treatment of Islam's holy book}}
[[File:Rasmus Paludan burning the Koran 2023-01-21 (2).jpg|thumb|[[
{{Quran}}
{{islamophobia}}
'''Quran desecration''' is the treatment of the [[Quran]] in a way that
The disposal of worn copies is also of concern to Muslims. Because the Quran contains no specifics on how to dispose of a worn or defective text, different and conflicting methods of disposal have been adopted in different regions by different sects. According to Islamic historian [[Michael Cook (historian)|Michael Cook]] the Quran should be wrapped in cloth and buried on holy ground where it is unlikely to be trampled on or "safely" placed where it is unlikely to come into contact with impurity.<ref name="ritual disposal" /> Burning, when carried out respectfully, is also considered acceptable,<ref name=Arabnews>{{cite web|url=http://www.ourdialogue.com/q4.htm |title=Disposing of the sheets of Quran|website=ourdialogue.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060813003109/http://www.ourdialogue.com/q4.htm|archive-date=13 August 2006}} Reprint from Our Dialogue Q&A series, [[Adil Salahi]], ''[[Arab News]]'', Jeddah</ref> and Saudi Arabia, for instance, destroys Qurans that fall short of state standards by burning to avoid soiling the pages.<ref name=weekly>''[https://www.weeklystandard.com/Content/Public/Articles/000/000/005/642eforh.asp Dissing the Koran]'', The Weekly Standard, May 30, 2005, retrieved Feb 7 2012</ref><ref name=guard2005>{{cite web |url=http://www.ourdialogue.com/q4.htm |title=Back |access-date=2005-05-25 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/19991009070922/http://ourdialogue.com/q4.htm |archive-date=1999-10-09 }}</ref>
Intentionally desecrating a copy of the Quran results in imprisonment as punishment in some countries and might result in a death sentence in [[Afghanistan]], [[Saudi Arabia]], [[Somalia]], and [[Pakistan]], or up to life imprisonment in
==Notable instances of desecration or controversy==
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{{Main|1924 Cairo Quran}}
Following the printing of the 1924 "royal"
===2005 - Guantanamo===
{{main|2005 Quran desecration controversy}}
In mid-2005, allegations of deliberate desecration of the Quran<ref name=Reut/> in front of Muslim prisoners at the [[United States]] military [[Guantanamo Bay detention camp]] in Cuba fueled widespread controversy and led to ensuing Muslim riots. A
===2010 Dove World Quran-burning controversy===
{{main|Dove World Quran-burning controversy}}
In 2010, Christian pastor [[Terry Jones (pastor)|Terry Jones]] of the [[Dove World Outreach Center]], a church in Gainesville, Florida, provoked
In the 2011 [[Louis Theroux]] documentary ''[[America's Most Hated Family in Crisis]]'', Megan Phelps of the [[Westboro Baptist Church]] explained in an interview that they deliberately and publicly burned a copy of the Quran.<ref>''America's Most Hated Family in Crisis''</ref>
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{{main|2012 Afghanistan Quran burning protests}}
In February 2012, protests broke out in various parts of Afghanistan over the improper disposal of Qurans at the US military [[Bagram Airfield|Bagram Air Base]].<ref>''[https://news.yahoo.com/afghans-protest-report-korans-desecrated-u-074108214.html]'', Reuters, February 21, 2012, retrieved February 21, 2012</ref> Protesters shouted "[[Death to America]]" and [[Flag desecration|burned]] US flags. At least 30 people were killed and hundreds injured. Also, 6 U.S. soldiers were killed
On March 19, 2015, [[Murder of Farkhunda|Farkhunda Malikzada]], a 27-year-old [[Afghans|Afghan]] woman, was publicly beaten and killed by a mob of hundreds of people in [[Kabul]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2015/04/afghan-farkhunda-family-demands-justice-150402201946987.html|title=Family of Afghan woman lynched by mob demands justice|date=2 Apr 2015|work=[[Al Jazeera Media Network|AlJazeera]]}}</ref><ref name="video1">{{cite video |title=The Killing of Farkhunda |url=https://www.nytimes.com/video/world/asia/100000004108808/the-killing-of-farkhunda.html |publisher=New York Times}}</ref> Farkhunda had previously been arguing with a mullah named Zainuddin, in front of a [[mosque]] where she worked as a religious teacher,<ref name=guardian/> about his practice of selling charms at the [[Shah-Do Shamshira Mosque]], the Shrine of the King of Two Swords,<ref name=NYT032915>{{cite news|author1=Joseph Goldstein|title=Woman Killed in Kabul Transformed From Pariah to Martyr|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/30/world/asia/farkhunda-woman-killed-in-kabul-transformed-from-pariah-to-martyr.html|access-date=March 30, 2015|work=The New York Times|date=March 29, 2015}}</ref> a religious shrine in Kabul.<ref name="bbc2015">{{cite web | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-32014077 | title=Afghan woman Farkhunda lynched in Kabul 'for speaking out' | work=BBC | date=23 March 2015 | access-date=23 March 2015}}</ref> During this argument, Zainuddin reportedly falsely accused her of burning the Quran. Police investigations revealed that she had not burned anything.<ref name=guardian>{{cite web | url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/mar/23/attention-from-media-family-would-be-in-danger | title=Farkhunda's family take comfort from tide of outrage in wake of her death | work=The Guardian | date=23 March 2015 | access-date=23 March 2015 | author=Rasmussen, Sune Engel}}</ref> A number of prominent public officials turned to Facebook immediately after the death to endorse the murder.<ref name="Reuters">{{cite news|last1=Shalizi|first1=Hamid|last2=Donati|first2=Jessica|url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-afghanistan-woman-idUKKBN0MG1ZA20150320|title=Afghan cleric and others defend lynching of woman in Kabul|access-date=9 August 2015|work=Reuters|date=20 March 2015}}</ref> After it was revealed that she did not burn the Quran, the public reaction in [[Afghanistan]] turned to shock and anger.<ref name=":3">{{cite news|last1=Moore|first1=Jack|title=Afghans Protest Brutal Mob Killing of 'Innocent' Woman|url=http://www.newsweek.com/afghans-protest-brutal-mob-killing-innocent-woman-kabul-315898|access-date=29 March 2015|agency=Newsweek|publisher=Newsweek|date=23 March 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.equaltimes.org/what-s-the-future-for-women-s|title=What's the future for women's rights in Afghanistan?|work=EqualTimes.org|date=14 Apr 2015}}</ref> Her murder led to 49 arrests;<ref name="bbctrial">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-32564886|agency=BBC News|title=Trial begins in case of Kabul lynching of Farkhunda|date=2 May 2015|access-date=6 May 2015}}</ref> three adult men received twenty-year prison sentences, eight other adult males received sixteen year sentences, a minor received a ten-year sentence, and eleven police officers received one-year prison terms for failing to protect Farkhunda.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-33358710|title=Afghan court quashes Farkhunda mob killing death sentences|date=2 Jul 2015|work=BBC News}}</ref> Her murder and the subsequent protests served to draw attention to [[women's rights in Afghanistan]].<ref>{{cite web |title=A Memorial To Farkhunda Appears In Kabul |url=http://hambastagi.org/new/en/reports/1481-a-memorial-to-farkhunda-appears-in-kabul-22-oct-2015.html |website=hambastagi.org}}</ref>
===2013 to 2020 Saudi Arabia===
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In 2019, torn copies of the Quran were found in a trash dump in the city of [[Khaybar]].<ref name="Shafaqna">{{cite news |date=24 June 2019|title=Desecrated Quran found in a trash dump in Saudi Arabia|url=https://en.shafaqna.com/99430/desecrated-quran-found-in-a-trash-dump-in-saudi-arabia/|newspaper=Shafaqna}}</ref>
In 2020
===
[[File:Rasmus Paludan burning quran in 2019.ogv|thumb|thumbtime=0:51|Paludan burning a Quran under police protection in [[Nørrebro]], Copenhagen, Denmark in 2019]]
A small anti-Islam group called the Danish Patriots set fire to Qurans in front of the Turkish and Egyptian embassies in 2023.
In December 2023, the Danish Parliament [[Folketing]]et passed a law to make it illegal to burn, soil, trample on or cut recognised religious scriptures like the Bible, the Torah or the Quran.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bryant |first1=Miranda |title=Danish MPs vote to ban desecration of religious texts after Qur’an burnings |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/dec/07/danish-mps-vote-to-ban-desecration-of-religious-texts-after-quran-burnings |access-date=9 December 2023 |work=The Guardian |date=7 December 2023}}</ref>
===2019–present Norway===
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=== 2020–present Sweden ===
{{main|2023 Quran
[[File:Quran burning by Salwan Momika in 2023 (9 av 18).jpg|thumb|[[Salwan Momika]] burning a Quran in October 2023]]
Since 2020, the
On June 28, 2023, [[Salwan Momika]], an Iraqi immigrant living in Sweden
There is a law in Sweden against [[incitement to ethnic or racial hatred]], but it is considered not to apply to critique or desecration against a religion as such, only to negative statements against people based on having a specified religion.<ref>[https://www.riksdagen.se/sv/dokument-och-lagar/dokument/svensk-forfattningssamling/tryckfrihetsforordning-1949105_sfs-1949-105/#K7 Tryckfrihetsförordning (1949:105) 7 kap 6 §]</ref>
However, Swedish police did file preliminary hate crime charges against a man who burned the Quran outside a mosque in Stockholm in June, 2023 and Swedish state prosecutors will decide whether to formally indict him or not. If they do indict him, it will be up to a Swedish judge to decide on whether or not his actions constituted incitement under the current law.<ref>
On July 20, 2023, hundreds of protesters stormed the Swedish embassy in Baghdad in response to a planned Quran burning in Stockholm, prompting Iraqi authorities to expel the Swedish ambassador and recall their chargé d'affaires. The incident led to diplomatic tensions between [[Iraq]] and [[Sweden]], with condemnation{{clarify|date=August 2023}} from several countries, including the [[US]] and the [[UNAOC]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-07-20 |title= Iraq expels Swedish ambassador over planned burning of Qur'an in Stockholm |language=en |work=The Guardian |url= https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/jul/20/protesters-angered-by-quran-burning-storm-swedens-embassy-in-baghdadl |access-date=2023-07-31}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | last1= Alkhshali | first1= Hamdi | last2= Alkhaldi |first2= Celine | last3= Najim | first3= Aqeel |date=2023-07-20 |title= Protesters storm Swedish embassy in Iraq over Quran burning plan |language=en |work= CNN|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2023/07/19/middleeast/iraq-swedish-embassy-protest-quran-burning-intl-hnk/index.html |access-date=2023-07-31}}</ref>
On 17 February, 2024, in Stockholm, a woman named Jade Sandberg, dressed as a nun, burned the Quran and called for a ban of Islam in Europe.<ref>[https://www.gzt.com/video/jurnalist/isvecin-baskenti-stockholmde-bir-kadin-kuran-i-kerim-yakti-2234160]</ref>
===Others===▼
▲===Others===
In March 2013, the al Qaeda English-language magazine Inspire published a poster stating "Wanted dead or alive for crimes against Islam" with a prominent image of [[Terry Jones (pastor)|Terry Jones]], known for public Quran burning events.<ref>{{cite web |title=Al Qaeda Mag Publishes 'Wanted: Dead or Alive' List |url=https://www.weeklystandard.com/blogs/al-qaeda-mag-publishes-wanted-dead-or-alive-list_704904.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130302061917/https://www.weeklystandard.com/blogs/al-qaeda-mag-publishes-wanted-dead-or-alive-list_704904.html |archive-date=2013-03-02}}</ref>
In October 2013, a Turkish woman was arrested on suspicion of blasphemy and inciting religious hatred after allegedly stepping on Quran and then posting the picture on Twitter.<ref>{{cite web |title=Turkey arrests woman on suspicion of blasphemy |url=http://dunyanews.tv/en/World/241854-Turkey-arrests-woman-on-suspicion-of-blasphemy |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151101091132/http://dunyanews.tv/en/World/241854-Turkey-arrests-woman-on-suspicion-of-blasphemy |archive-date=2015-11-01}}</ref>
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On July 31, 2016, a couple of days after the [[2016 Normandy church attack|Normandy church attack]], several copies of the Quran at the multi-faith room of [[Mater Dei Hospital]] in [[Malta]] were desecrated when slices of pork were laid inside the book. The perpetrators also left a photo of [[Jacques Hamel]], the Catholic priest murdered during the attack, with the caption "Victim of Islam".<ref>{{cite news|title=Quran copies desecrated at Mater Dei hospital|url=http://www.timesofmalta.com/articles/view/20160730/local/quran-copies-desecrated-at-mater-dei-hospital.620444|work=[[Times of Malta]]|date=30 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160731185404/http://www.timesofmalta.com/articles/view/20160730/local/quran-copies-desecrated-at-mater-dei-hospital.620444|archive-date=31 July 2016}}</ref>
[[Turkey]] summoned the Dutch ambassador in [[Ankara]] following "a vile attack" on the Quran in the Hague in January 2023
==See also==
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*[[Host desecration]]
*''[[Volksverhetzung]]''
*[[Swat lynching incident]]
==References==
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