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[[File:Buenos Aires - Boca Juniors - Día del hincha - 131212b.webm|thumb|upright=1.25|Fans of [[Boca Juniors]] chanting "''El que no salta, se fue a la B''" in the streets of [[Buenos Aires]], an example of a chant targeting a rival club (the chant mocks their rival team [[Club Atlético River Plate|River Plate]] who were once relegated to the [[Primera B Nacional|Nacional B]] division.)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.clarin.com/deportes/futbol/hinchas-boca-recibieron-river-fantasma_0_NLwZ8hfut.html |title=Los hinchas de Boca recibieron a River con el fantasma de la "B" |date=23 September 2018|work=Clarin}}</ref>]]
A '''football chant''' or '''terrace chant''' is a form of vocalisation performed by supporters of [[association football]], typically during football matches. Football chanting is an expression of collective identity, most often used by fans to express their pride in the team they support, or to encourage
Football chants can be simple, consisting of a few loud shouts or spoken words, but more often they are short lines of lyrics and sometimes longer songs.
Football chants are known to have been used by fans from the late 19th century onwards, but developed into the current popular forms in the 1960s. Football chants can be historic, dating back as early as the formation of the club popularly sung down the years and considered the anthems for these clubs. They may also be popular for only a relatively short time, with new chants being constantly created and discarded.
==History==
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===Early chants===
Football fans' vocalisations came in the forms of cries, chants and songs in the 19th century. [[Battle cry|War cries]] were known to have been used by football fans from the 1880s onwards, with the earliest recorded in Scotland after the [[Scottish Cup]] final of [[1886–87 Scottish Cup|1887]].<ref name=Nannestad /> The first known song that references football, "The Dooley Fitba' Club" later known as "[[Football Crazy|'Fitba' Crazy]]", was also written in the 1880s by James Curran, although it was intended for the [[music hall]] rather than the terrace.<ref name=Nannestad /> It was also recorded in the 1890s that [[Sheffield United F.C.|Sheffield United]] fans had adopted a music hall song, the "Rowdy Dowdy Boys", while [[Southampton F.C.|Southampton]] fans sang a "Yi! Yi! Yi!" chant based on a war cry.<ref>{{cite book|last=Russell|first=David|date=1997|title=Football and the English: a social history of association football in England, 1863–1995|publisher=Carnegie|isbn=978-1859360385|pages=[https://archive.org/details/footballenglishs0000russ/page/58 58–59]|url=https://archive.org/details/footballenglishs0000russ/page/58}}</ref><ref name=Nannestad>{{cite book |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QLpYCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA30 |title=Sport, Music, Identities|editor= Anthony Bateman |pages=30–31 |chapter='Bubbles', 'Abe my boy' and 'the Fowler war cry': singing at the Vetch Field in the 1920s|first=Ian |last=Nannestad |year= 2016|isbn=978-1315763149|publisher=Routledge}}</ref> [[Blackburn Rovers F.C.|Blackburn Rovers]] fans were reported to have chanted "We've won the cup before – many a time" before their [[1891 FA Cup Final]] match against [[Notts County F.C.|Notts County]].
The oldest football song in the world that is still in use today may be "[[On the Ball, City]]", a song believed to have been composed in the 1890s by Albert T Smith, who became a director of [[Norwich City F.C.|Norwich City]] in 1905.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/blog/2016/may/06/the-joy-of-six-football-chants |title=The Joy of Six: football chants |first1=Paul |last1=Doyle |first2= Barry |last2=Glendenning |work=The Guardian |date= 6 May 2016}}</ref> The song was adopted by fans of the club and it is still sung by Norwich's fans.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.canaries.co.uk/club/history/| title=Club history| publisher=Norwich City F.C.| access-date=3 May 2016| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170420215354/http://www.canaries.co.uk/club/history/| archive-date=20 April 2017| url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=p24>{{cite book | last =
Football chants in the early years were club-specific and they were generally friendly or jocular in tone.<ref name=lawn /> Songs with [[sectarian]] overtones, however, had been sung at matches between [[Rangers F.C.|Rangers]] and [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]] in the 1920s, which became more overtly confrontational in later decades, raising the possibility that sectarianism may have been the origin of oppositional chanting and singing at football matches.<ref name=cox /> Fans of the early period also had a limited repertoire of chants, which become more varied as singing was encouraged by the use of brass bands before games and the community singing movement that arose in the 1920s (the tradition of singing "[[Abide with Me]]" at [[FA Cup final]]s started in this period).<ref>{{cite book |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QLpYCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA33 |title=Sport, Music, Identities|editor= Anthony Bateman |pages=33–36 |chapter='Bubbles', 'Abe my boy' and 'the Fowler war cry': singing at the Vetch Field in the 1920s|first=Ian |last=Nannestad |year= 2016|isbn=978-1315763149|publisher=Routledge}}</ref>
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While various elements of football chants were already present in the early period, it was in the 1960s that the nature of football chants started to change and modern football chants emerged to become an integral part of fan culture and experience. The catalyst for the change may be due to a number of factors; one suggestion is the growth and evolution of youth culture in this period which, together with popular music started being played over the public announcement system at matches instead of brass bands, encouraged fans to start their own singing based on popular tunes. Another suggestion is the mixing of fan cultures from different countries through international football matches that started to be broadcast, such as the 1959 England's tour of South America and the [[1962 FIFA World Cup|1962 World Cup]].{{sfn|Irwin|2006|page=165}} The exposure to intense chanting by South American and Italian fans during the 1962 and 1966 World Cups may have encouraged British fans who were previously more reserved to do the same.<ref name=morris /><ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_Hoqp2xO7OEC&pg=PT61 |title=A History of Football in 100 Objects |first= Gavin |last=Mortimer|year= 2012 |publisher=Serpent's Tail |isbn=978-1847659057 }}</ref> They also picked up different type of chants from other countries; [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] fans for example, may have used a Brazilian chant "Brazil, cha-cha-cha" and turned it into the "Li-ver-pool, [clap, clap, clap]" chant.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UEAwDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA162 |title=Savage Enthusiasm: A History of Football Fans |first= Paul |last=Brown |page=162 |date=2017|publisher=Goal Post |isbn=978-0995541221}}</ref>
Chants became more extensive in the 1960s, and popular songs became increasingly common as the basis of chants as fans adapted these songs to reflect situations and events relevant to them.
A more controversial aspect of this period of change was that abusive chants targeted at rival team or fans also became widespread.<ref name="luhrs"/> These may be taunts and insults aimed at the opposition teams or players to unnerve them, or obscene or slanderous chants targeted at individuals. A sampling of English football chants in the late 1970s found these types of chants to be the most numerous.<ref name=morris /> Threats of violence may also be made to their rivals in chants; although such threats were rarely carried out, fights did occur which, together with increasing level of [[football hooliganism|hooliganism]] in that period, gave these threats a real edge.<ref name=morris /> Some abuses are racial in nature; for example, [[Antisemitism|anti-Semitic]] chants directed at [[Tottenham Hotspur F.C.|Tottenham Hotspur]] began in the 1960s,<ref name=jc>{{cite web |url=https://www.thejc.com/lifestyle/features/how-tottenham-became-the-jewish-football-team-1.53784 |title=Spurs and the Jews: the how, the why and the when |first1=Martin |last1=Cloake|first2= Alan|last2= Fisher|date=6 October 2016 |work=The Jewish Chronicle |access-date=30 June 2018}}</ref> also against the Argentine club [[Club Atlético Atlanta|Atlanta]] (commonly heard in the 1960s but may have begun as early as the 1940s),<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Zn-WBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA145 |title= Fútbol, Jews, and the Making of Argentina |first= Raanan |last=Rein|publisher= Stanford University Press |date= 2014|isbn= 978-0804793414 |pages=145–146 }}</ref> and against the Dutch club [[AFC Ajax|Ajax]] in the 1970s.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i21W_KN_iUMC&pg=PA196 |title=Understanding Football Hooliganism: A Comparison of Six Western European Football Clubs|first= Ramón|last= Spaaij |pages=196–197 | publisher=Vossiuspers UvA|date= 2014|isbn= 978-0804793049}}</ref> Racist insults directed at black players began to be heard in the 1970s and 1980s in England and Spain when black players started appearing in their leagues in increasing numbers.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8TQlDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA150|title=Fan Culture in European Football and the Influence of Left Wing Ideology |editor=Peter Kennedy |editor2=David Kennedy |pages=150–151 |isbn=978-1351668354|date= 2014 |publisher= Routledge }}</ref> Concerns over the abusive nature of some of these chants later led to measures in various countries to control them, for example, the British government made [[Racism in association football|racist]] and indecent chants an offence in the UK in 1991.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1991/19/section/3 |title=Football (Offences) Act 1991 |work=legislation.gov.uk }}</ref> In Italy, the [[Mancino law]] was used to prosecute fans for inciting racism.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.varesenews.it/2015/05/racist-chants-against-boateng-pro-patria-fans-acquitted-on-appeal/376209/ |title=Racist chants against Boateng, Pro Patria fans acquitted on appeal |date=30 May 2015 |work=VareseNews }}</ref> Despite efforts to stop them, some chants remain an issue around the world, such as the "''Eh puto''" chant used by Mexican fans,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://remezcla.com/features/sports/mexico-puto-chant-fifa/ |title=Mexico's "Puto" Chant Won't Ever Go Away, No Matter What FIFA Does |first=Gustavo |last=Arellano |work= Remezcla |date=9 November 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://mexiconewsdaily.com/news/measures-to-stop-fans-chanting-eh-puto/ |title=Soccer authorities plan measures to stop fans chanting 'Eh puto' |date=21 September 2019 |work=Mexico News Daily }}</ref> and racist chants in many countries.<ref name="nytimes chants">{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/22/sports/soccer/romelu-lukaku-inter-italy-racism.html |title=When the Monkey Chants Are for You: A Soccer Star's View of Racist Abuse |work=The New York Times |first=Rory |last=Smith |date= 22 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/50212951 |title=Bulgaria fans' racism: Racist abuse of England players leads to stadium ban |work=BBC |date=29 October 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.dw.com/en/italy-footballer-mario-balotelli-threatens-to-quit-match-after-racist-chants/a-51099367 |title=Italy footballer Mario Balotelli threatens to quit match after racist chants |date=3 November 2019 |work=DW}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.ipsnews.net/2003/03/argentina-bolivian-immigrants-complain-of-racist-football-chants/ |title=ARGENTINA: Bolivian Immigrants Complain of Racist Football Chants |first= Marcela |last=Valente |work=IPS News Agency }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2015/mar/02/player-walks-off-peru-racist-abuse-fans |title=Player walks off pitch in Peru over racist abuse from fans|agency=Reuters |date= 2 March 2015 |
===International spread===
As the sport of football spread to other countries, so did its associated fan culture of football chants.
As football fans travel to other countries on away international matches, and international broadcasts of football matches are common, fans from around the world often picked up chants from other clubs and countries, and some chants spread in an organic manner and become popular internationally. An example is the chant based on "[[Seven Nation Army]]" by [[The White Stripes]] – it was first adopted by fans of Belgian [[Club Brugge KV]] in 2003, their chant was then picked by Italian fans, and it was made an unofficial anthem for the [[Italy national football team]] in the [[2006 FIFA World Cup]], following which it spread to other football clubs around the world as well as beyond football into other sports and events.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.ft.com/content/7cb66182-94bb-11e7-83ab-f4624cccbabe |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/https://www.ft.com/content/7cb66182-94bb-11e7-83ab-f4624cccbabe |archive-date=10 December 2022 |url-access=subscription |title=The story behind 'Seven Nation Army', an anthem of the World Cup football terraces |first=Helen |last=Brown |date=11 September 2017 |work=Financial Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cbc.ca/radio/q/blog/how-a-white-stripes-song-became-the-biggest-soccer-anthem-of-all-time-1.4733900 |title=How a White Stripes song became the biggest soccer anthem of all time|first=Jennifer |last=Van Evra|date=5 July 2018 |work=CBC}}</ref>
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A wide variety of football chants exist, some of the more popular ones may be grouped into the following types:<ref name=morris /><ref name="luhrs2"/>
[[File:Chelsea fans chanting at Tottenham stadium.webm|thumb|upright=1|[[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] fans chanting after an away win with 3 different examples of chants; their first chant simply repeats the name of the club, the second praises their manager ("Super [[Frank Lampard]]"), the third a version of the "[[Olé, Olé, Olé]]" chant]]
| Engagement with the team – These chants come in various forms. They may be expression of pride or loyalty in the club or team, or identity as fans of the club. At the simplest, the chants may just be repetitions of the name of the team, often with clapping (e.g. clap, clap, clap 3×, clap 4×, [''name of club'']), or they may identify themselves, e.g. "We are the [''name for fans or home stand'']". These also includes songs commonly sung at the club, such as "[[When the Saints Go Marching In (sports anthem)|When the [''name of team''] Go Marching In]]".
The chants may also praise the team, individual players or managers. Typically popular tunes are used for this type of chants, for example, "There's only one [''name of player'']" sung to the tune of "[[Guantanamera]]", "Super [''name of player or team'']", or the "[[Olé, Olé, Olé]]" chant.
The chants may give encouragement to the team, for example, "Come on you [''name of team'']", "[[Vamos (football chant)|Vamos [''name of team'']]]", "Allez [''name of team'']".
They may be expression of confidence and optimism, suggesting that their team will win a game, the league, be promoted, or win a major cup tie at venues such as [[Wembley Stadium|Wembley]].
There may also be expressions of dissatisfaction, such as criticism of the team when they are performing poorly, or calling for the manager to resign, and occasionally against the owner of the club.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://talksport.com/football/659553/ole-gunnar-solskjaer-man-utd-fans-chant-glazers-ed-woodward/ |title= Ole Gunnar Solskjaer accepts Manchester United fans are 'disillusioned' as supporters chant against Glazers and Ed Woodward |first= Billy |last=Hawkins|date=23 January 2020 |work=talkSport}}</ref>
[[File:North London derby 2010.04.14-ver2.ogv|thumb|Example of an insulting chant – [[Tottenham Hotspur F.C.|Tottenham]] fans chanting to [[Sol Campbell]] who had joined their rivals [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] ("Stick Sol Campbell up your Arse") while celebrating [[Ledley King]]]]
* Insults, threats or expressions of hatred or mockery directed at the opponents – There are large variations in this type of chants. The chants may target the team (for example, "Stand up if you hate [''name of team'']", "You're shit").<br /> Chants may be aimed at individual players or managers, and these can range from the amusing to the offensive or obscene. For example, "[[Who Ate All the Pies?]]" may be used against a player considered fat,<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AyGtDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT12 |title=Shall We Sing a Song For You?: The good, the bad and the downright offensive – Britain's Favourite Football Chants |first= Alex |last=Shaw |year= 2011 |publisher=John Blake Publishin |isbn=978-1843586470 }}</ref> or racist chants directed at black players.<ref name="nytimes chants" /> Chants may sometimes reflect players or managers in the news, or they may be made-up accusations directed against them that can be sung in either a humorous or offensive manner.<ref name=morris /><br /> Chants may target fans or home grounds of the opponents (e.g. "My garden shed is bigger than this" or "Is this a library"),<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/10-football-chants-fans-should-10761982 |title=10 football chants that fans should stop singing immediately |date=23 January 2016 |work=Liverpool Echo |first=Paul |last=Philbin}}</ref> and may also refer to events in their rivals' club history, sometimes in highly offensive manner.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/5-most-disrespectful-crowd-chants-football/3 |title=5 of the most disrespectful crowd chants in football |first=Scott |last=Newman|date= 16 June 2017|work=Sportskeeda}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.scmp.com/sport/soccer/article/2136872/you-only-sing-when-theres-dying-lyrics-about-tragedies-are-fair-game |title=You only sing when there's dying: Lyrics about tragedies are fair game for some Manchester United and Liverpool fans|first=Andy |last=Mitten|date= 12 March 2018 |work=South China Morning Post}}</ref> Fans may also use parodies of their rivals' anthems, for example, singing "sign on, sign on ... you'll never get a job" to the tune of "[[You'll Never Walk Alone]]" started at a time when there was high unemployment in Liverpool.<ref name="luhrs2"/><ref>{{cite news |url=https://inews.co.uk/sport/football/football-opinion/sign-on-song-liverpool-everton-chant-wolves-crystal-palace-189494 |title=It's time for the 'Sign on' chant aimed at Liverpool and Everton fans to die off |first=Will |last=Magee |work=iNews |date= 23 August 2018 }}</ref>▼
| Insults, threats or expressions of hatred or mockery directed at the opponents – There are large variations in this type of chants. The chants may target the team (for example, "Stand up if you hate [''name of team'']", "You're shit").
* Reactions to events that happened on the pitch or off the pitch, these may be in celebration of a goal (e.g. "two-nil") or aiming to disrupt, or are expressions of boredom. They may also be comments about the officials such as the referees (e.g. "the referee's a wanker"),<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.newyorker.com/news/letter-from-the-uk/the-disastrous-arrival-of-video-replay-in-english-soccer |title=The Disastrous Arrival of Video Replay in English Soccer |first= Sam |last=Knight|date=2 November 2019|magazine=The New Yorker }}</ref> or the policing.<ref name=morris />▼
* Atmospheric chants – Sounds aimed at creating interest or excitement in the game without any specific message, such as long drawn-out "oooooh" and "arrrrrgh", or "la la la la la ..."<ref name=morris />▼
Chants may be aimed at individual players or managers, and these can range from the amusing to the offensive or obscene. For example, "[[Who Ate All the Pies?]]" may be used against a player considered fat,<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AyGtDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT12 |title=Shall We Sing a Song For You?: The good, the bad and the downright offensive – Britain's Favourite Football Chants |first= Alex |last=Shaw |year= 2011 |publisher=John Blake Publishin |isbn=978-1843586470 }}</ref> or racist chants directed at black players.<ref name="nytimes chants" /> Chants may sometimes reflect players or managers in the news, or they may be made-up accusations directed against them that can be sung in either a humorous or offensive manner.<ref name=morris />
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===Tragedy chanting===
Tragedy chanting involves chanting about an opposition club's tragedies or tragic events that happen in their home cities.<ref>{{Cite
==Spoken chants==
[[File:Alte Försterei Fanchoreografie Union Berlin.jpg|thumb|upright=1.1|left|The supporters of the football club [[1. FC Union Berlin]] are known for their chant "Eisern Union" (Iron Union).]]
Some chants are spoken, sometimes accompanied by percussion. These chants may simply consist of the name of the team and/or words of encouragement.
Popularised at the [[Sydney Olympics]] and used by Australian football supporters everywhere is the "[[Aussie Aussie Aussie, Oi Oi Oi]]" chant between two groups of supporters. It is a derivation of Welsh rugby chant "[[Oggy Oggy Oggy]]", which was also adapted by [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] supporters in tribute to [[Peter Osgood]].<ref>{{cite web| first=Luba| last=Vangelova| title=Oi, Oi, Oy| work=CNN Sports Illustrated| date=27 September 2000 | url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/olympics/news/2000/09/27/sydney_scene/| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105192340/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/olympics/news/2000/09/27/sydney_scene/| archive-date=5 November 2013| url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Oggy! chant 'came from Cornwall'|url=https://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/wales-news/oggy-chant-came-from-cornwall-2297991|work=Wales Online|date=26 March 2018|access-date=6 July 2018}}</ref> A version "Zigger Zagger Oi Oi Oi" has been suggested to be based on a German toast "''Zicke zacke zicke zacke hoi hoi hoi''".{{sfn|Irwin|2006|page=35}}
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===Fighting chants===
{{anchor|You're Gonna Get Your Fucking Head Kicked In}}
"You're Gonna Get Your Fucking Head Kicked In", sometimes pluralised to "You're Gonna Get Your Fucking Heads Kicked In", is a football chant originating in England.
==Chants based on hymns and classical music==
Several football chants are based on [[hymn]]s, with "[[Cwm Rhondda]]" (also known as "Guide me, O thou great redeemer") being one of the most popular tunes to copy. Amongst others, it has spawned the song "[[You're Not Singing Any More|You're not singing anymore!]]",<ref>{{cite journal | last = Caudwell | first =J.C. | title = 'Does your boyfriend know you're here?' The spatiality of homophobia in men's football culture in the UK | journal = Leisure Studies | volume = 30 | issue = 2 | pages = 123–138 | year = 2011 | issn = 0261-4367 | doi = 10.1080/02614367.2010.541481 | s2cid =144386213 }}| access-date =14 February 2012</ref>
Various teams have used [[Glory Glory (football chant)|the "Glory Glory" chant]] (used by "[[Tottenham Hotspur F.C.|Tottenham Hotspur]]", "[[Leeds United F.C.|Leeds United]]", "[[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]]", etc.), to the tune of the "[[Battle Hymn of the Republic]]". [[Hibernian F.C.|Hibernian]] were the first team to use the song with the release of a record by [[Hector Nicol]] in the 1950s ("Glory Glory to the Hibees").<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fansnetwork.co.uk/football/southampton/news/38477/saints-fans-need-to-show-spurs-that-the-original-is-the-best |title=Saints Fans Need To Show Spurs That The Original Is The Best|work=The Ugly Inside |date=23 April 2015 |access-date=18 September 2015}}</ref>
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==Chants based on spirituals and folk songs==
Some chants are based on [[spiritual music|spiritual]]s. "[[We shall not be moved]]" and "[[He's Got the Whole World in His Hands]]" are both used by fans. An example of the latter's use was "He's got a pineapple on his head" aimed at [[Jason Lee (footballer)|Jason Lee]] due to his distinctive hairstyle.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/953251.stm |title=Keegan's the hair apparent |work=BBC News |date=2 October 2000 |access-date=17 February 2012}}</ref> The song was later popularised by the television show ''[[Fantasy Football League (TV series)|Fantasy Football League]]''.
[[Christmas carols]] have also been used as chants like with the theme of "[[O Tannenbaum]]" by the likes of Manchester United or Chelsea fans.
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==Chants based on popular music==
[[Popular music]] is the most common source of football chants. In the United Kingdom, [[music hall]] songs such as "[[My Old Man (Football)|My Old Man (Said Follow the Van)]]", "[[Knees Up Mother Brown]]", "[[I'm Forever Blowing Bubbles]]", "I Came, I Saw, I Conga'd" and "[[Two Little Boys]]" have long been used as the basis of terrace chants. Popular [[Traditional pop
The rhythm, rather than the melody, of "[[Let's Go (Pony)]]" by [[The Routers]] is widely used for clapping, drumming or banging by fans worldwide.
Music of [[1960s in music|the 1960s]] influenced terrace chants. "[[Ring of Fire (song)|Ring of Fire]]" by [[Johnny Cash]] and "[[That's Amore]]" by [[Dean Martin]] have been used by several sets of fans.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nme.com/news/johnny-cash/23005 |title=Liverpool team up with Johnny Cash | News |work=NME |date=8 May 2006 |access-date=17 February 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/b/brighton/2947211.stm | work=BBC News | title=Zamora ready for the big time | date=18 April 2003 | access-date=2 May 2010 | first=Paul | last=Fletcher}}</ref> "[[Lola (song)|Lola]]" by [[The Kinks]], and "[[Hi Ho Silver Lining]]" by [[Jeff Beck]] have been adapted by several clubs – most prolific of these include [[Aston Villa]], [[Sheffield Wednesday]] and [[Wolverhampton Wanderers]].<ref name="indy">{{Cite journal|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-1734013.html|archiveurl=
The emergence of [[funk]] and [[disco]] in the 1970s also made its mark on the terraces with songs such as "[[Go West (song)|Go West]]" by the [[Village People]]<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/news-and-comment/the-funniest-football-chants-1774361.html?action=gallery&ino=16 | title= The funniest football chants | location=London | work=The Independent | first=Simon | last=Rice | date=19 August 2009}}</ref> and "[[Oops Up Side Your Head]]" by [[The Gap Band]] remaining popular amongst fans. "[[Ain't Nobody]]" by [[Rufus (band)|Rufus]] and [[Chaka Khan]] has been used by Arsenal fans and others.
Fans of a number of different clubs in the United Kingdom have adopted "[[Rockin' All Over the World]]" by [[Status Quo (band)|Status Quo]] as a chant. Liverpool fans sing "[[Scouser]]s all over the world". Arsenal fans sing "[[Bukayo Saka|Saka]] and [[Emile Smith Rowe]]". [[Rangers F.C.|Rangers]] fans sing "Gerrard stopped ten in a row", in reference to the club winning the [[2020-21 Scottish Premiership]] under manager [[Steven Gerrard]] and breaking [[Old Firm|bitter rivals]] [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic's]] nine-year monopoly on the title.
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Fans in England sing "Leeds are falling apart again" to the tune of "Love will tear us apart" by [[Joy Division]] to mock fans of [[Leeds United]].
More recent releases to have their music appropriated include "[[Seven Nation Army]]" by [[The White Stripes]], which became highly popular across nations.<ref>{{cite web|last=Siegel|first=Alan|title=How The Song "Seven Nation Army" Conquered The Sports World|url=http://deadspin.com/5875933/how-the-song-seven-nation-army-conquered-the-sports-world|work=Deadspin.com|date=13 January 2012 |access-date=20 January 2012}}</ref> A number of songs became popular in the 2010s, an example being "[[Freed from Desire]]", which is used to celebrate particular players – it was first popularised as "[[Will Grigg]]'s on Fire", then used for others such as "[[Jamie Vardy|Vardy]]'s on Fire" and "[[Antoine Griezmann|Grizi]]'s on Fire".<ref>{{cite news|first= James |last= Whaling |title= Vardy's on fire! Watch England fans adapt Will Grigg chant for Leicester striker |date= 12 June 2016 |newspaper= [[Daily Mirror]] |url= https://www.mirror.co.uk/sport/row-zed/vardys-fire-watch-england-fans-8175728 |access-date= 15 July 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first= Yannick |last= Vely |title= Euro 2016: "Griezmann's on Fire ..." |newspaper= [[Paris Match]] |date= 26 June 2016 |access-date= 7 July 2018 |url= http://www.parismatch.com/Actu/Sport/Euro-2016-Grizi-s-on-Fire-1004773 |language= fr}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first= Callum |last= Davis |title= 'Will Grigg's on Fire!' Fan behind the cult chant given a free Wigan season ticket |date= 17 May 2016 |newspaper= [[The Daily Telegraph]] |url= https://www.telegraph.co.uk/football/2016/05/17/will-griggs-on-fire-fan-behind-the-cult-chant-given-a-free-wigan/ |access-date= 30 May 2016}}</ref> An Italian disco song "[[L'estate sta finendo]]" became popular among European clubs such as [[S.S.C. Napoli|Napoli]], [[Juventus
==Chants based on advertising jingles, nursery rhymes and theme tunes==
Football crowds also adapt tunes such as advertising jingles, nursery rhymes and theme tunes. "[[The Farmer in the Dell]]" known in some regions as 'The Farmer Wants A Wife', provides the famous chant of "[[Ee Aye Addio]]", a tune which also provides the first bars of the 1946 be-bop jazz classic "Now's The Time", by alto saxophonist [[Charlie Parker]]. The marching tune "[[When Johnny Comes Marching Home]]" is also used a basis for songs, such as "His Armband Said He Was a Red", sung by Liverpool fans in honour of [[Fernando Torres]] while he was still at the club.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/columnists/henrywinter/2296977/British-clubs-must-savour-Champions-League.html | location=London | work=The Daily Telegraph | first=Henry | last=Winter | title=British clubs must savour Champions League | date=11 April 2008}}</ref> Chelsea fans then adapted the chant to match their own colours when Torres was transferred to the London club in 2011, with "He's now a Blue, he was a Red." Manchester United used the song to describe Torres and his looks too after he missed an open goal. United also used the song about [[John O'Shea]] after he scored a goal against Derby in the Carling Cup in 2009.
The children's song "[[Ten Green Bottles]]" became "[[Ten German Bombers]]", to the tune of "[[She'll Be Coming 'Round the Mountain]]," both songs used by English fans to their main rivals, [[Germany]]. The nursery rhyme "[[This Old Man]]" is sung by both supporters of Manchester United and [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]]. The
[[Theme music|Theme tunes]] which have been used as chants include ''[[Heartbeat (Buddy Holly song)|Heartbeat]]'' and ''[[The Banana Splits]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mirrorfootball.co.uk/opinion/columnists/brian-reade/Brian-Reade-column-Why-Blackpool-boss-Ian-Holloway-is-acting-like-a-used-car-salesman-over-Charlie-Adam-s-transfer-plus-why-Liverpool-fans-should-be-thanking-their-Fulham-counterparts-for-Roy-Hodgson-chants-article684133.html |title=Why Blackpool boss Ian Holloway is acting like a used car salesman over Charlie Adam's transfer, plus why Liverpool fans should be thanking their Fulham counterparts for Roy Hodgson chants| first=Brian |last=Reade |work=Mirror Football |access-date=17 February 2012}}</ref>
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Coventry City former chairman and manager Jimmy Hill, adopted the "Eton Boating song" as the club's official anthem to create Play up Sky blues in the early 1960s. The song has been sung on the terraces ever since and remains one of the most recognisable in English football.{{citation needed|date=September 2020}}
Fans of [[Shamrock Rovers]] sing "[[Build Me Up Buttercup]]" by [[The Foundations]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.fanchants.com/de/football-songs/shamrock-rovers-chants/build-me-up-buttercup-2/ | title='Build Me up Buttercup' - Shamrock Rovers FanChants }}</ref>
==Country-specific songs and chants==
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== Argentine fútbol chanting ==
[[File:Hinchada de Racing Club.ogv|250px|thumb|thumbtime=30|[[Racing Club de Avellaneda]] fans chanting the famous "''Mi Buen Amigo''" (My good friend)<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-09-28 |title=El origen de una de las canciones de cancha más populares del fútbol argentino - TyC Sports |url=https://www.tycsports.com/liga-profesional-de-futbol/podcast-origen-canciones-cancha-hinchadas-argentinas--id376913.html |access-date=2024-02-20 |website=www.tycsports.com}}</ref> chant before the start of a match.]]
Eduardo Herrera suggests that soccer chanting in Argentina allows participants to create value around and give meaning to the idea of "aguante," which is "central in the construction of an ideal masculinity." "Aguante" translates to "endurance" or "stamina" in English.<ref>Herrera, Eduardo. 2018. "Masculinity, Violence, and Deindividuation in Argentine Soccer Chants: The Sonic Potentials of Participatory Sounding-in-Synchrony." ''Ethnomusicology'' 62(3): 472.</ref> In practice, aguante is part of a masculine discourse that "divides the world between 'real men' and 'not men.' Garriga Zucal and Daniel Salerno have identified three main signs of ''aguante''. The first is "alentar siempre," which means to show support for the team throughout the entire match by jumping or chanting, even through bad weather or poor performance by the team. Secondly, to show ''aguante'', a man must show up to all the matches, including away games that require long, uncomfortable trips. Thirdly, a fan must withstand confrontation to demonstrate ''aguante'', either through chanting at opposing fans or through physical fights.<ref>Herrera, Eduardo. 2018. "Masculinity, Violence, and Deindividuation in Argentine Soccer Chants: The Sonic Potentials of Participatory Sounding-in-Synchrony." ''Ethnomusicology'' 62(3): 473.</ref>▼
▲Following the work of Pablo Alabarces and others, Eduardo Herrera suggests that soccer chanting in Argentina allows participants to create value around and give meaning to the idea of "aguante," which is "central in the construction of an ideal masculinity." "Aguante" translates to "endurance" or "stamina" in English.<ref>Herrera, Eduardo. 2018. "Masculinity, Violence, and Deindividuation in Argentine Soccer Chants: The Sonic Potentials of Participatory Sounding-in-Synchrony." ''Ethnomusicology'' 62(3): 472.</ref> In practice, aguante is part of a masculine discourse that "divides the world between 'real men' and 'not men.' Garriga Zucal and Daniel Salerno have identified three main signs of ''aguante''. The first is "alentar siempre," which means to show support for the team throughout the entire match by jumping or chanting, even through bad weather or poor performance by the team. Secondly, to show ''aguante'', a man must show up to all the matches, including away games that require long, uncomfortable trips. Thirdly, a fan must withstand confrontation to demonstrate ''aguante'', either through chanting at opposing fans or through physical fights.<ref>Herrera, Eduardo. 2018. "Masculinity, Violence, and Deindividuation in Argentine Soccer Chants: The Sonic Potentials of Participatory Sounding-in-Synchrony." ''Ethnomusicology'' 62(3): 473.</ref>
Participating in chanting or ''cantitos'' is a major way the ''[[Barra brava|barras bravas]]'', or the most important militant groups of fans, can demonstrate ''aguante''. The ''[[Barra brava|barras bravas]]'', who are also known as the ''hinchada militante'', stand throughout the game behind the goal and chant the entire time.<ref>Herrera, Eduardo. 2018. "Masculinity, Violence, and Deindividuation in Argentine Soccer Chants: The Sonic Potentials of Participatory Sounding-in-Synchrony." ''Ethnomusicology'' 62(3): 476.</ref> These groups bring instruments to the matches in order to synchronize the chanting. The most prominent instrument is the ''bombo con platillo'', which is a large bass drum with a diameter of 22-24 inches.<ref>Herrera, Eduardo. 2018. "Masculinity, Violence, and Deindividuation in Argentine Soccer Chants: The Sonic Potentials of Participatory Sounding-in-Synchrony." ''Ethnomusicology'' 62(3): 478.</ref> The ''bombos con platillo'' are often decorated with the team's colors and name and the name of the ''barra'' group, which is distinct from the team name. Along with these drums, other types of drums include Brazilian ''surdo'' drums, ''redoblantes'' (snare drums), and ''repiques''. The ''barras'' often have other percussion instruments, including scrappers, tambourines, cowbells, and agogo bells. In addition to percussion, most ''barras'' have at least three trumpet players, and many teams might add trombones or euphoniums. While the ''bombo'' players are always from the ''[[Barra brava|barras bravas]]'' itself, because of the advanced skill it takes to play the brass instruments, the ''barras'' sometimes hire outside brass players to play during a match.<ref>Herrera, Eduardo. 2018. "Masculinity, Violence, and Deindividuation in Argentine Soccer Chants: The Sonic Potentials of Participatory Sounding-in-Synchrony." ''Ethnomusicology'' 62(3): 470-499.</ref>
In the ensemble, one ''bombo'' player serves as the leader of the group, where he leads with exaggerated arm movements that are easy for the players to follow, but the leader of the chanting is often falls to another leader of the ''barras''. They might lead by giving verbal or visual cues to the head ''bombo'' player, or they might just independently start a chant and expect the ensemble to follow.<ref>Herrera, Eduardo. 2018. "Masculinity, Violence, and Deindividuation in Argentine Soccer Chants: The Sonic Potentials of Participatory Sounding-in-Synchrony." ''Ethnomusicology'' 62(3): 480.</ref>
==See also==
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