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| religion = [[Canaanite religion]]
| leader1 = [[Abishemu obelisk|Abishemu I]]
| year_leader1 = {{circa|1800 BC}}
| leader2 = [[Hiram I]]
| year_leader2 = 969 – 936 BC
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'''Phoenicia''' ({{IPAc-en|f|ə|ˈ|n|ɪ|ʃ|ə|,_|f|ə|ˈ|n|iː||ʃ|ə}}),<ref>[https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/phoenicia "Phoenicia"]. ''[[Collins English Dictionary]]''.</ref> or '''Phœnicia''', was an [[ancient Semitic-speaking peoples|ancient Semitic]] [[thalassocracy|thalassocratic]] [[civilization]] originating in the coastal strip of the [[Levant]] region of the [[eastern Mediterranean]], primarily located in modern [[Lebanon]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Kitto|first=John|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9oHbdzSawj0C&q=phoenicia+lebanon&pg=PA528|title=A Cyclopedia of Biblical Literature|date=1851|publisher=Adan and Charles Black}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Malaspina|first=Ann|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Pfop0v79y7gC&q=phoenicia+lebanon&pg=PA19|title=Lebanon|date=2009|publisher=Infobase Publishing|isbn=978-1-4381-0579-6}}</ref> The territory of the Phoenicians expanded and contracted throughout history, with the core of their culture stretching from [[Arwad]] in modern [[Syria]] to [[Mount Carmel]] in modern [[Israel
The Phoenicians directly succeeded the [[Bronze Age]] [[Canaan]]ites, continuing their cultural traditions following the decline of most major cultures in the [[Late Bronze Age collapse]] and into the [[Iron Age]] without interruption. It is believed that they self-identified as Canaanites and referred to their land as Canaan, indicating a continuous cultural and geographical association.<ref name=":022">{{Cite book |last=Gates |first=Charles |title=Ancient cities: the archaeology of urban life in the ancient Near East and Egypt, Greece and Rome |date=2011 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-203-83057-4 |edition=2nd |location=London |pages=189–190}}</ref> The name ''Phoenicia'' is an [[ancient Greek]] [[Exonym and endonym|exonym]] that did not correspond precisely to a cohesive culture or society as it would have been understood natively.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Who Were The Phoenicians? {{!}} History Today |url=https://www.historytoday.com/reviews/who-were-phoenicians |access-date=2020-04-20 |website=www.historytoday.com}}</ref> Therefore, the division between Canaanites and Phoenicians around 1200 BC is regarded as a modern and artificial division.<ref name=":022"/>
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