Virginia Woolf: Difference between revisions

{{About|the British modernist author|the American children's author|Virginia Euwer Wolff|the British rock band|Virginia Wolf}}

{{Redirect|Woolf}}

{{Use British English|date=May 2020}}

{{overly detailed|date=January 2024}}

 

== Life ==

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{{multiple image

[[File:Duckworth Stephen Family 1892.jpg|thumb|Duckworth/Stephen Family {{circa|1892}}. Back row: Gerald Duckworth, Virginia, Thoby and Vanessa Stephen, George Duckworth. Front row: Adrian, Julia, Leslie Stephen.]]

 

 

Virginia showed an early affinity for writing. By the age of five she was writing letters. A fascination with books helped form a bond between her and her father.{{sfn|Gordon|2004}} From the age of 10, with her sister Vanessa, she began an illustrated family newspaper, the ''Hyde Park Gate News'', chronicling life and events within the Stephen family,{{sfn|Harris|2011|p=18}} and modelled on the popular magazine ''[[Tit-Bits]]''.{{sfn|Lowe|2005|p=vii}} Virginia would run the ''Hyde Park Gate News'' until 1895, a few weeks before her mother's death.{{sfn|Lowe|2005|p=ix}} In 1897 Virginia began her first diary,{{sfn|Woolf|1990|loc=1 January 1898|p=134}} which she kept for the next twelve years.{{sfn|Woolf|1990}}

 

 

In the spring of 1882, Leslie rented a large white house in [[St Ives, Cornwall]].{{sfn|Eagle|Carnell|1981|p=232}}{{sfn|Gordon|2004}} The family would spend three months each summer there for the first 13 years of Virginia's life.{{sfn|Harris|2011|pp=19-20}} Although the house had limited amenities, its main attraction was the view overlooking Porthminster Bay towards the [[Godrevy Lighthouse]].{{sfn|Gordon|2004}} The happy summers spent at Talland House would later influence Woolf's novels ''[[Jacob's Room]]'', ''[[To the Lighthouse]]'' and ''[[The Waves]]''.{{sfn|Wright|2011|p=22}}

}}

 

[[File:Virginia Woolf with her father, Sir Leslie Stephen.jpg|thumb|Virginia and Leslie Stephen, 1902|alt=Portrait of Virginia Woolf with her father Leslie Stephen in 1902, by Beresford]]

Julia Stephen fell ill with influenza in February 1895, and never properly recovered, dying on 5 May, when Virginia was only 13.{{sfn|Bell|1972|loc=Chronology|p=190}} This precipitated what Virginia later identified as her first "breakdown"{{emdash}}for months afterwards she was nervous and agitated, and she wrote very little for the subsequent two years.{{sfn|Harris|2011|p=25}}

 

 

Leslie Stephen died in February 1904, which caused Virginia to suffer another period of mental instability from April to September, and led to at least one suicide attempt.{{sfn|Harris|2011|p=36}} Woolf later described the period of 1897{{endash}}1904 as "the seven unhappy years."{{sfn|Harris|2011|p=32}}

Although Virginia could not attend Cambridge, she was to be profoundly influenced by her brother Thoby's experiences there. When Thoby went to Trinity in 1899, he befriended a circle of young men, including [[Clive Bell]], [[Lytton Strachey]], [[Leonard Woolf]] (whom Virginia would later marry), and [[Saxon Sydney-Turner]], to whom he would introduce his sisters at the [[Trinity May Ball]] in 1900.{{sfn|Todd|1999|p=12}} These men formed a reading group they named the Midnight Society, which the Stephen sisters would later be invited to.<ref name=Moggridge217/>

 

 

[[File:46 Gordon Square London.jpg|thumb|upright|46 Gordon Square| alt=Photograph of 46 Gordon Square, Virginia's home from 1904 to 1907]]

 

 

From March 1905 the Stephens began to entertain their brother Thoby's intellectual friends at Gordon Square. The circle, who were largely members of the [[Cambridge Apostles]], included [[Saxon Sydney-Turner]], [[Lytton Strachey]], [[Clive Bell]] and [[Desmond MacCarthy]]. Their social gatherings, referred to as "Thursday evenings", were a vision of recreating Trinity College.{{sfn|Lee|1997a|pp=204,206}} This circle formed the nucleus of the intellectual circle of writers and artists known as the [[Bloomsbury Group]].{{sfn|Todd|1999|p=12}} Later, it would include [[John Maynard Keynes]], [[Duncan Grant]], [[E. M. Forster]], [[Roger Fry]], Leonard Woolf, and [[David Garnett]].{{efn|In the 1960s Leonard Woolf listed those people he considered to be "Old Bloomsbury" as: Vanessa and Clive Bell, Virginia and Leonard Woolf, Adrian and [[Karin Stephen]], Lytton Strachey, Maynard Keynes, Duncan Grant, E. M. Forster, Sydney Saxon-Turner, Roger Fry, Desmond and [[Molly MacCarthy]] and later David Garnett and [[Julian Bell|Julian]], [[Quentin Bell|Quentin]] and [[Angelica Garnett|Angelica Bell]]. Others add [[Ottoline Morrell]], [[Dora Carrington]] and [[James Strachey|James]] and [[Alix Strachey]]. The "core" group are considered to be the Stephens and Thoby's closest Cambridge friends, Leonard Woolf, Clive Bell, Lytton Strachey and Saxon Sydney-Turner.{{sfn|Wade|2015}}{{sfn|Lee|1997a|p=259}}}}{{sfn|Lee|1997a|p=259}}

Two days after Thoby's death, Vanessa accepted a previous proposal of marriage from Clive Bell.{{sfn|Lee|1997a|pp=210,226}} As a couple, their interest in [[avant-garde]] art would have an important influence on Woolf's further development as an author.{{sfn|Briggs|2006a|pp=69–70}}

 

[[File:Virginia Woolf and George Bernard Shaw (5025918683).jpg|thumb|upright|29 Fitzroy Square|alt=Photo of 29 Fitzroy Square, Virginia's home from 1907 to 1910]]

 

 

 

{{main|Dreadnought hoax}}

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

{{main|Memoir Club}}

{{multiple image | header = ''Bloomsberries''| align = center | direction = horizontal | total_width = 600 | float = none

1920 saw a postwar reconstitution of the Bloomsbury Group, under the title of the [[Memoir Club]], which as the name suggests focussed on self-writing, in the manner of [[Proust]]'s ''[[A La Recherche]]'', and inspired some of the more influential books of the 20th century. The Group, which had been scattered by the war, was reconvened by [[Molly MacCarthy|Mary ('Molly') MacCarthy]] who called them "Bloomsberries", and operated under rules derived from the [[Cambridge Apostles]], an elite university debating society that a number of them had been members of. These rules emphasised candour and openness. Among the 125 memoirs presented, Virginia contributed three that were published posthumously in 1976, in the autobiographical anthology ''[[Moments of Being]]''. These were ''22 Hyde Park Gate'' (1921), ''Old Bloomsbury'' (1922) and ''Am I a Snob?'' (1936).{{sfn|Rosenbaum|Haule|2014}}

 

[[File:Vita Sackville-West at Monk's House.jpg|thumb|[[Vita Sackville-West]] at Monk's House {{circa|1934}}|alt=Photo of Vita Sackville-West in armchair at Virginia's home at Monk's House, smoking and with dog on her lap]]

On 14 December 1922{{sfn|Bell|1972|loc=Vol. II |p=235}} Woolf met the writer and gardener [[Vita Sackville-West]],{{sfn|Todd|1999|p=13}} wife of [[Harold Nicolson]]. This period was to prove fruitful for both authors, Woolf producing three novels, ''To the Lighthouse'' (1927), ''Orlando'' (1928), and ''The Waves'' (1931) as well as a number of essays, including "[[Mr. Bennett and Mrs. Brown]]" (1924) and "[[A Letter to a Young Poet]]" (1932).{{sfn|Hussey|2006}} The two women remained friends until Woolf's death in 1941.

Virginia Woolf also remained close to her surviving siblings, Adrian and Vanessa.{{sfn|Briggs|2006a|p=13}}

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Much examination has been made of Woolf's mental health. From the age of 13, following the death of her mother, Woolf suffered periodic mood swings.{{sfn|Garnett|2011|p=114}} However, [[Hermione Lee]] asserts that Woolf was not "mad"; she was merely a woman who suffered from and struggled with illness for much of her life, a woman of "exceptional courage, intelligence and stoicism", who made the best use, and achieved the best understanding she could of that illness.{{sfn|Lee|1997a|p=171}}

Leonard Woolf relates how during the 30 years they were married, they consulted many doctors in the [[Harley Street]] area, and although they were given a diagnosis of [[neurasthenia]], he felt they had little understanding of the causes or nature. The proposed solution was simple—as long as she lived a quiet life without any physical or mental exertion, she was well. On the other hand, any mental, emotional, or physical strain resulted in a reappearance of her symptoms, beginning with a headache, followed by insomnia and thoughts that started to race. Her remedy was simple: to retire to bed in a darkened room, following which the symptoms slowly subsided.{{sfn|Woolf|1964|pp=75–76}}

 

 

It is likely that other factors also played a part. It has been suggested that they include [[genetic predisposition]].{{sfn|Boeira et al|2016}} Virginia's father, Leslie Stephen, suffered from depression, and her half-sister Laura was institutionalised. Many of Virginia's symptoms, including persistent headache, insomnia, irritability, and anxiety, resembled those of her father's.{{sfn|Lee|1997a|pp=72,102}} Another factor is the pressure she placed upon herself in her work; for instance, her breakdown of 1913 was at least partly triggered by the need to finish ''The Voyage Out''.{{sfn|Lee|1997a|p=321}}

{{blockquote|As an experience, madness is terrific I can assure you, and not to be sniffed at; and in its lava I still find most of the things I write about. It shoots out of one everything shaped, final, not in mere driblets, as sanity does. And the six months—not three—that I lay in bed taught me a good deal about what is called oneself.{{sfn|Woolf|1929–1931|loc=2194: 22 June 1930; p. 180}} }}

 

 

[[File:Roger Fry - Virginia Woolf.jpg|thumb|upright|A portrait of Woolf by [[Roger Fry]] {{circa|1917}}|alt= Portrait of Woolf in 1917 by Roger Fry]] [[File:StracheyWoolf.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Lytton Strachey]] and Woolf at [[Garsington Manor|Garsington]], 1923|alt=Lytton Strachey with Virginia Woolf 1923 ]]

[[File:Virginia Woolf 1927.jpg|thumb|upright|Virginia Woolf 1927|alt=Portrait of Virginia Woolf 1927]]

 

=== Themes ===

 

The sea is a recurring motif in Woolf's work. Noting Woolf's early memory of listening to waves break in Cornwall, Katharine Smyth writes in ''[[The Paris Review]]'' that "the radiance [of] cresting water would be consecrated again and again in her writing, saturating not only essays, diaries, and letters but also ''Jacob's Room'', ''The Waves'', and ''To the Lighthouse''."<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theparisreview.org/blog/2019/01/29/where-virginia-woolf-listened-to-the-waves/|work=The Paris Review|title=Where Virginia Woolf Listened to the Waves|date=29 January 2019|first=Katharine|last=Smyth|access-date=21 January 2021|archive-date=3 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210203232339/https://www.theparisreview.org/blog/2019/01/29/where-virginia-woolf-listened-to-the-waves/|url-status=live}}</ref> Patrizia A. Muscogiuri explains that "seascapes, sailing, diving and the sea itself are aspects of nature and of human beings' relationship with it which frequently inspired Virginia Woolf's writing."<ref>{{Cite book|last=Muscogiuri|first=Patrizia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CvMwDgAAQBAJ|title=Virginia Woolf and the Natural World|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2011|isbn=9781942954149|edition=First|location=UK|pages=258|access-date=1 February 2021|archive-date=18 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210818052523/https://books.google.com/books?id=CvMwDgAAQBAJ|url-status=live}}</ref> This trope is deeply embedded in her texts' structure and grammar; James Antoniou notes in ''[[Sydney Morning Herald]]'' how "Woolf made a virtue of the [[semicolon]], the shape and function of which resembles the wave, her most famous motif."<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.smh.com.au/culture/books/the-punctuation-mark-that-causes-so-much-angst-20190919-p52t17.html|work=The Sydney Morning Herald|title=The punctuation mark that causes so much angst|date=27 September 2019|first=James|last=Antoniou|access-date=21 January 2021|archive-date=4 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210204063951/https://www.smh.com.au/culture/books/the-punctuation-mark-that-causes-so-much-angst-20190919-p52t17.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{main|A Room of One's Own}}

Among Woolf's non-fiction works, one of the best known is ''A Room of One's Own'' (1929), a book-length essay. Considered a key work of feminist literary criticism, it was written following two lectures she delivered on "Women and Fiction" at Cambridge University the previous year. In it, she examines the historical disempowerment women have faced in many spheres, including social, educational and financial. One of her more famous dicta is contained within the book "A woman must have money and a room of her own if she is to write fiction". Much of her argument ("to show you how I arrived at this opinion about the room and the money") is developed through the "unsolved problems" of women and fiction writing to arrive at her conclusion, although she claimed that was only "an opinion upon one minor point".{{sfn|British Library|2018a}} In doing so, she states a good deal about the nature of women and fiction, employing a quasi-fictional style as she examines where women writers failed because of lack of resources and opportunities, examining along the way the experiences of the [[Brontë family|Brontës]], [[George Eliot]] and [[George Sand]], as well as the fictional character of [[Shakespeare]]'s sister, equipped with the same genius but not position. She contrasted these women who accepted a deferential status with [[Jane Austen]], who wrote entirely as a woman.{{sfn|Kronenberger|1929}}

 

=== Influences ===

 

=== Virginia Woolf and her mother ===

 

Woolf's understanding of her mother and family evolved considerably between 1907 and 1940, in which the somewhat distant, yet revered figure, becomes more nuanced and complete.{{sfn|Schulkind|1985|p=13}} She described her mother as an "invisible presence" in her life, and Ellen Rosenman argues that the mother-daughter relationship is a constant in Woolf's writing.{{sfn|Rosenman|1986|loc=cited in {{harvtxt|Caramagno|1989}}}} She describes how Woolf's [[modernism]] needs to be viewed in relationship to her ambivalence towards her Victorian mother, the centre of the former's female identity, and her voyage to her own sense of autonomy. To Woolf, "Saint Julia" was both a martyr whose perfectionism was intimidating and a source of deprivation, by her absences real and virtual and premature death.{{sfn|Caramagno|1989}} Julia's influence and memory pervades Woolf's life and work. "She has haunted me", she wrote.{{sfn|Woolf|1923–1928|p=374}}

Virginia Woolf is known for her contributions to 20th-century literature and her essays, as well as the influence she has had on literary, particularly feminist criticism. A number of authors have stated that their work was influenced by her, including [[Margaret Atwood]], [[Michael Cunningham]],{{efn|"Like my hero Virginia Woolf, I do lack confidence. I always find that the novel I'm finishing, even if it's turned out fairly well, is not the novel I had in my mind."{{sfn|Brockes|2011}}}} [[Gabriel García Márquez]],{{efn|"after having read Ulysses in English as well as a very good French translation, I can see that the original Spanish translation was very bad. But I did learn something that was to be very useful to me in my future writing—the technique of the interior monologue. I later found this in Virginia Woolf, and I like the way she uses it better than Joyce."{{sfn|Stone|1981}}}} and [[Toni Morrison]].{{efn|"I wrote on Woolf and Faulkner. I read a lot of Faulkner then. You might not know this, but in the '50s, American literature was new. It was renegade. English literature was English. So there were these avant-garde professors making American literature a big deal. That tickles me now."{{sfn|Bollen|2012}}}} Her iconic image{{sfn|Silver|1999}} is instantly recognisable from the Beresford portrait of her at twenty (at the top of this page) to the Beck and Macgregor portrait in her mother's dress in ''Vogue'' at 44 (see {{harvtxt|Fry|1913}}) or [[Man Ray]]'s cover of ''Time'' magazine (see {{harvtxt|Ray|1937}}) at 55.<ref name=License8/> More postcards of Woolf are sold by the [[National Portrait Gallery, London|National Portrait Gallery]], London than of any other person.{{sfn|Stimpson|1999}} Her image is ubiquitous, and can be found on products ranging from tea towels to T-shirts.<ref name=License8/>

 

 

=== Monuments and memorials ===

[[File:Richmond Riverside, statue of Virginia Woolf (3).jpg|thumb|Statue of Virginia Woolf in Richmond created by Laury Dizengremel]]

 

In 2014, she was one of the inaugural honorees in the [[Rainbow Honor Walk]], a [[List of halls and walks of fame|walk of fame]] in [[San Francisco]]'s [[Castro District, San Francisco|Castro neighbourhood]] noting [[LGBTQ]] people who have "made significant contributions in their fields".{{sfn|Barmann|2014}}

<ref name="Simpson12">{{harvnb|Simpson|2016|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=lPE8CwAAQBAJ&pg=PT12 12]}}</ref>

<ref name="Squier204">{{harvnb|Squier|1985|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=JYU6DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT204 204]}}</ref>

<ref name="hauntedintro">{{harvnb|Woolf|2016a|loc=[https://books.google.com/books?id=XgojDgAAQBAJ&pg=PT5 Introduction pp. 5–6]}}</ref>

<ref name="WoolfEssay4/280">{{harvnb|Woolf|1925–1928|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=8VFODwAAQBAJ&pg=PT2918 280]}}</ref>

<ref name="ROO3">{{harvnb|Woolf|1929|loc=[https://web.archive.org/web/20080304161901/http://ebooks.adelaide.edu.au/w/woolf/virginia/w91r/chapter3.html Chapter 3]}}</ref>

 

==== Biography: Virginia Woolf ====

* {{cite book|last=Briggs|first=Julia|title=Virginia Woolf: An Inner Life|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_Fn2kILpMkoC|year=2006a|publisher=[[Harcourt (publisher)|Harcourt]]|isbn=978-0-15-603229-2|access-date=13 February 2018|archive-date=11 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200611202335/https://books.google.com/books?id=_Fn2kILpMkoC|url-status=live |ol=7350841M}}

* {{cite book|last=Curtis|first=Vanessa|title=Virginia Woolf's Women|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lWSzSTjldFkC|year=2002b|publisher=[[University of Wisconsin Press]]|isbn=978-0-299-18340-0|access-date=17 February 2018|archive-date=11 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200611163944/https://books.google.com/books?id=lWSzSTjldFkC|url-status=live}}

* {{cite book|last=Squier|first=Susan Merrill|title=Virginia Woolf and London: The Sexual Politics of the City|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JYU6DwAAQBAJ|date=1985|publisher=[[University of North Carolina Press]]|isbn=978-1-4696-3991-8|access-date=1 March 2018|archive-date=11 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200611213403/https://books.google.com/books?id=JYU6DwAAQBAJ|url-status=live}}

* {{cite thesis |last=Streufert |first=Mary J. |date=8 June 1988 |title=Measures of reality: the religious life of Virginia Woolf |type=[[Master of Arts|MA]] thesis |url=http://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/concern/graduate_thesis_or_dissertations/7d278z05s |publisher=[[Oregon State University]] |access-date=30 January 2018 |archive-date=27 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180127084406/https://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/concern/graduate_thesis_or_dissertations/7d278z05s |url-status=live }}

* {{cite book |last1=Wright |first1=E. H. |title=Brief Lives: Virginia Woolf |date=2011 |publisher=Hesperus Press |location=London |ol=11907594M}}

 

* {{Cite ODNB|last=Garnett|first=Jane |id=46943|title=Stephen [née Jackson], Julia Prinsep (1846–1895) |date=23 September 2004}}

* {{Cite ODNB|last=Gordon|first=Lyndall|author-link=Lyndall Gordon|title=Woolf [née Stephen], (Adeline) Virginia|id=37018|year=2004}}

* {{cite encyclopedia|last1=Reid|first1=Panthea|title=Virginia Woolf|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopaedia Britannica]]|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Virginia-Woolf|access-date=3 June 2024|year=2024}}

 

==== Newspapers and magazines ====

 

* {{cite news|last1=Bas|first1=Marcel|title=Virginia Woolf's Class Consciousness: Snubbing or uplifting the masses?|url=http://roepstem.net/woolf.html|work=Die Roepstem|date=23 January 2008|access-date=7 August 2019|archive-date=7 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190807095740/http://roepstem.net/woolf.html|url-status=live}}

* {{cite news|last1=Bollen|first1=Christopher|author-link=Christopher Bollen|title=Toni Morrison|url=https://www.interviewmagazine.com/culture/toni-morrison|access-date=23 February 2018|work=[[Interview (magazine)|Interview]]|date=1 May 2012|archive-date=24 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180224053212/https://www.interviewmagazine.com/culture/toni-morrison|url-status=live}}

* {{cite magazine|last=Gross|first=John|author-link=John Gross|title=Mr. Virginia Woolf|magazine=[[Commentary (magazine)|Commentary]]|url=https://www.commentarymagazine.com/articles/mr-virginia-woolf/|date=1 December 2006|access-date=22 February 2018|archive-date=26 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180126185556/https://www.commentarymagazine.com/articles/mr-virginia-woolf/|url-status=live}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20070228055659/http://www.commentarymagazine.com/cm/main/viewArticle.aip?id=10801&page=2 ''archived version'']

* {{cite magazine |last=Haynes |first=Suyin |date=17 December 2019 |title='It Had a Lifelong Effect on Her.' A New Virginia Woolf Biography Deals With the Author's Experience of Childhood Sexual Abuse |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |url=https://time.com/5750614/virginia-woolf-biography/ |access-date=26 February 2020 |archive-date=4 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200104124707/https://time.com/5750614/virginia-woolf-biography/ |url-status=live }}

* {{cite news|last1=Kronenberger|first1=Louis|author-link=Louis Kronenberger|title=Virginia Woolf Discusses Women and fiction|url=https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/books/00/12/17/specials/woolf-room.html|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=10 November 1929|type=Review|access-date=21 March 2018|archive-date=22 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180322082056/https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/books/00/12/17/specials/woolf-room.html|url-status=live}}

* {{cite magazine|last1=Stone|first1=Peter H.|author-link=Peter Hess Stone|title=Gabriel García Márquez, The Art of Fiction No. 69|url=https://www.theparisreview.org/interviews/3196/gabriel-garcia-marquez-the-art-of-fiction-no-69-gabriel-garcia-marquez|access-date=23 February 2018|magazine=[[The Paris Review]]|issue=82|date=Winter 1981|archive-date=25 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180225104343/https://www.theparisreview.org/interviews/3196/gabriel-garcia-marquez-the-art-of-fiction-no-69-gabriel-garcia-marquez|url-status=live}}

* {{cite news|last1=Trilling|first1=Diana|author-link=Diana Trilling|title=Virginia Woolf's Special Realm|url=https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/books/00/12/17/specials/woolf-moment.html|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=21 March 1948|type=Review|access-date=30 March 2018|archive-date=30 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180330211712/https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/books/00/12/17/specials/woolf-moment.html|url-status=live}}

* {{cite news|last1=Wade|first1=Francesca|title=Dangerous liaisons among the Bloomsbury set|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/bookreviews/11698239/Dangerous-liaisons-among-the-Bloomsbury-set.html|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|date=26 June 2015|type=Review|access-date=25 April 2018|archive-date=26 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180426015056/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/bookreviews/11698239/Dangerous-liaisons-among-the-Bloomsbury-set.html|url-status=live}}

 

=== Websites and documents ===

 

* {{Cite web |last=Barmann |first=Jay |title=Castro's Rainbow Honor Walk Dedicated Today |date=2 September 2014 |website=SFiST |url=https://sfist.com/2014/09/02/castros_rainbow_honor_walk_dedicate/ |access-date=13 August 2019 |archive-date=10 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190810075052/https://sfist.com/2014/09/02/castros_rainbow_honor_walk_dedicate/ }}

* {{cite web |last1=Flood |first1=Alison |title=Virginia Woolf statue fundraiser flooded with donations after Wollstonecraft controversy |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/nov/13/virginia-woolf-statue-fundraiser-flooded-with-donations-after-wollstonecraft-controversy |website=The Guardian |access-date=29 May 2024 |date=13 November 2020}}

* {{cite web |last1=Guest |first1=Katy |title=A Statue of One's Own: the new Virginia Woolf sculpture that's challenging stereotypes |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2022/nov/16/virginia-woolf-sculpture-laury-dizengremel |website=The Guardian |access-date=29 May 2024 |date=16 November 2022}}

* {{cite web|last=Jones|first=Josh|title=Virginia Woolf's Handwritten Suicide Note: A Painful and Poignant Farewell (1941)|url=http://www.openculture.com/2013/08/virginia-woolfs-handwritten-suicide-note.html|website=Open Culture|date=26 August 2013|access-date=18 February 2018|archive-date=24 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180224121612/http://www.openculture.com/2013/08/virginia-woolfs-handwritten-suicide-note.html|url-status=live}}

* {{cite web |last1=Temple |first1=Emily |title=You can finally take a selfie with a full-size statue of Virginia Woolf. |url=https://lithub.com/you-can-finally-take-a-selfie-with-a-full-size-statue-of-virginia-woolf/ |website=Literary Hub |date=16 November 2022}}

* {{cite encyclopedia|title=Woolf|encyclopedia=Collins English Dictionary|publisher= Harper Collins Publishers |url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/woolf|access-date=2 February 2018|ref={{harvid|Collins|2018}}}}

* {{cite web|title=Virginia Woolf honoured by new Strand Campus building |url=http://www.kcl.ac.uk/study/international/yourcountry/usa/News/Woolf-building.aspx |website=News|publisher=King's College London |access-date=15 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150713190253/http://www.kcl.ac.uk/study/international/yourcountry/usa/News/Woolf-building.aspx |archive-date=13 July 2015|date=2 May 2013|ref={{harvid|King's College, London|2013}}}}

* {{cite web|title=Virginia Woolf Society of Great Britain |url=http://www.virginiawoolfsociety.co.uk/index.html |access-date=26 December 2017|ref={{harvid|VWS|2017}} |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171218033823/http://www.virginiawoolfsociety.co.uk/index.html |archive-date=18 December 2017}}

* {{cite web|title=Virginia Woolf Around The World |website=Exhibitions|publisher=[[E. J. Pratt Library]], [[Victoria University, Toronto]]. 2018. |date=January 2017 |url=http://library.vicu.utoronto.ca/collections/exhibitions/virginia_woolf_around_the_world|access-date=14 March 2018 |ref={{harvid|Pratt|2017}}}}

* {{cite web|title=Virginia Woolf – First Editions |url=https://www.harringtonbooks.co.uk/pages/author/306/virginia-woolf/ |publisher=[[Adrian Harrington]] Rare Books|access-date=14 March 2018|ref={{harvid|Harrington|2018}}}}

 

==== British Library ====

 

==== Virginia Woolf's homes and venues ====

* {{cite web|title=The Woolfs at Asham House|url=http://www.ashamaward.com/pages/content/index.asp?PageID=71 |website=The Asham Award|publisher=The Asham Trust|access-date=5 March 2018|ref={{harvid|Asham|2018}} |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180306023300/http://www.ashamaward.com/pages/content/index.asp?PageID=71 |archive-date=6 March 2018}}

 

=== Images ===

* {{cite web|last1=Fry|first1=Roger|author-link=Roger Fry|title=Landscape at Asheham House, near Lewes, Sussex|url=https://artuk.org/discover/artworks/landscape-at-asheham-house-near-lewes-sussex-220642|website=[[Art UK]] |publisher=[[Arts Council England]]|access-date=10 March 2018|format=Painting|year=1913}}

* {{cite magazine|last1=Ray|first1=Man|author-link=Man Ray|title=Virginia Woolf|date=12 April 1937 |url=http://content.time.com/time/covers/0,16641,19370412,00.html |magazine=Time |access-date=10 March 2018}}

 

=== Audiovisual media ===

* {{cite AV media|last=Coe|first=Amanda (Producer)|author-link=Amanda Coe|title=Life in Squares|year=2015 |medium = T.V. series (3)|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b0649cyj|location=UK|publisher=BBC}} see also ''[[Life in Squares]]''

* {{cite AV media|last=Lee|first=Hermione|author-link=Hermione Lee|date=13 June 1997b|title=Virginia Woolf |medium=TV |url=https://www.c-span.org/video/?87703-1/virginia-woolf|access-date= 7 March 2018|publisher=[[C-SPAN]]}}

* {{cite AV media |last=Young|first=Eric Neal (Director) |title=The Mind and Times of Virginia Woolf |year=2002|medium=Documentary |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0457593/ |location= USA |publisher= Miramax}} [https://www.college.columbia.edu/core/content/mind-and-times-virginia-woolf-directed-eric-neal-young-2002 excerpt] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171228081505/https://www.college.columbia.edu/core/content/mind-and-times-virginia-woolf-directed-eric-neal-young-2002 |date=28 December 2017 }}

 

=== By Woolf ===

==== Short stories ====

* {{cite book|last=Woolf|first=Virginia|author-link=Virginia Woolf|title=The Short Stories of Virginia Woolf|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XgojDgAAQBAJ|date=2016a|orig-date=1944|publisher=Read Books Limited|isbn=978-1-4733-6304-5|access-date=8 February 2018|archive-date=11 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200611233227/https://books.google.com/books?id=XgojDgAAQBAJ|url-status=live}} see also ''[[A Haunted House and Other Short Stories]]'' & [https://web.archive.org/web/20071017215237/http://ebooks.adelaide.edu.au/w/woolf/virginia/ Complete text]

 

==== Essays ====

 

==== Autobiographical writing ====

 

==== Diaries and notebooks ====

* {{cite book|last=Woolf|first=Virginia|editor-last=Leaska|editor-first=Mitchell A|title=A passionate apprentice: the early journals, 1897–1909|year=1990|publisher=[[Hogarth Press]]|isbn=9780701208455|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dbRbAAAAMAAJ|access-date=20 April 2018|archive-date=16 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191216212725/https://books.google.com/books?id=DbrbAAAAMAAJ|url-status=live}}

* {{cite book|author=Virginia Woolf|author-mask=1|title=The Diary of Virginia Woolf Volume Three 1925–1930|year=1978|publisher=Harcourt Brace Jovanovich|isbn=9780151255993|ref={{harvid|Woolf|1925–1930}}|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gijuAAAAMAAJ|access-date=13 March 2018|archive-date=11 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200611235821/https://books.google.com/books?id=gijuAAAAMAAJ|url-status=live}}

 

==== Letters ====

* {{cite web|title=Shut up in the Dark (Letter 531: Vanessa Bell, July 28, 1910)|url=https://www.theparisreview.org/blog/2017/01/25/107074/|work=[[The Paris Review]]|access-date=10 April 2018|date=25 January 2017|ref={{harvid|Woolf| 1910}}|archive-date=11 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180411025830/https://www.theparisreview.org/blog/2017/01/25/107074/|url-status=live}}

* {{cite book|last1=Woolf|first1=Virginia|author-mask=1|title=The Letters of Virginia Woolf Volume Three 1923–1928|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9j0JAQAAMAAJ|year=1975|publisher=Harcourt Brace Jovanovich|isbn=978-0-15-150926-3|ref={{harvid|Woolf|1923–1928}}|access-date=30 March 2018|archive-date=11 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200611224806/https://books.google.com/books?id=9j0JAQAAMAAJ|url-status=live}}

* {{cite book|last1=Woolf|first1=Virginia|author-mask=1|title=The Letters of Virginia Woolf Volume Four 1929–1931|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zifuAAAAMAAJ|date=1979|publisher=Harcourt Brace Jovanovich|isbn=978-0-15-150927-0|ref={{harvid|Woolf|1929–1931}}|access-date=13 April 2018|archive-date=12 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200612002328/https://books.google.com/books?id=zifuAAAAMAAJ|url-status=live}}

 

{{refend}}

 

==External links==