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{{short description|American healthcare facilities company}}
{{
{{update|April=2024|date=April 2024}}
{{Infobox company
| name = HCA Healthcare, Inc.
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| locations = 186 hospitals, approximately 2,000 sites of care located in 21 states and the United Kingdom<ref name=Factsheet19>{{Cite web|url=https://hcahealthcare.com/util/forms/press-kit/HCA-presskit-fact-sheet-a.pdf|title=HCA Healthcare Fact Sheet|publisher=HCA Healthcare|date=June 2019|access-date=23 June 2020}}</ref>
| area_served = United States and the United Kingdom
| key_people = Sam Hazen ([[Chief executive officer|CEO]])<br />
John Reay (CEO, HCA UK)<ref>{{Cite web|url= https://www.hcahealthcare.co.uk/about-hca-uk/hca-management-team/john-reay|title= John Reay President and Chief Executive Officer|publisher=HCA Healthcare|access-date=23 June 2020}}</ref>
| industry = [[Health care]]
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| equity =
| owner =
| num_employees =
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| divisions =
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}}
'''HCA Healthcare, Inc.''' is an American [[for-profit]] operator of [[health care facilities]] that was founded in 1968. It is based in [[Nashville, Tennessee]], and, as of May 2020,
The company engaged in illegal accounting and other crimes in the 1990s that resulted in the payment of more than $2 billion in federal fines and other penalties, and the dismissal of the CEO [[Rick Scott]] by the board of directors.<ref name=Appleby>{{cite news| url=https://www.usatoday.com/money/industries/health/2002-12-18-hca-settlement-_x.htm | work=USA Today | first1=Julie | last1=Appleby | title=HCA to settle more allegations for $631M | date=December 18, 2002}}</ref>
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In 1987, HCA Healthcare, which had grown to operate 463 hospitals (255 owned and 208 managed), spun off HealthTrust, a privately owned, 104-hospital company. Believing its stock was undervalued, the company completed a $5.1 billion leveraged [[management buyout]] led by chairman Thomas F. Frist, Jr.<ref>Freudenheim, Milt. [https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=940DE2D81039F931A15752C1A96E948260 Buyout Set For Chain Of Hospitals]. ''[[The New York Times]]'', November 22, 1988.</ref> in 1988.<ref name=history/> HCA Healthcare re-emerged as a public company in 1992.
In February 1994, HCA Healthcare merged with [[Louisville, Kentucky]]-based Columbia Hospital Corporation, which earlier had acquired 73 hospitals of Galen Health Care from Humana,<ref>{{Cite news
|url=https://www.bizjournals.com/louisville/print-edition/2011/11/11/humanas-history-has-been-one-of.html?page=all
|title=Humana's history has been one of recognizing opportunities
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===Recent history===
On November 17, 2006, HCA became a private company for the third time when it completed a merger in which the company was acquired by a private investor group including affiliates of [[Kohlberg Kravis Roberts]] and [[Bain Capital]], together with [[Merrill Lynch]] and HCA Healthcare founder Thomas F. Frist, Jr. The total transaction was valued at approximately $33
In May 2010, HCA announced that the corporation would once again go public with an expected $4.6-billion IPO as HCA Holdings, Inc. In March 2011, HCA sold 126.2 million shares for $30 each, raising about $3.79 billion, at that time, the largest private-equity backed IPO in U.S. history.<ref>{{cite news
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In April 2022, HCA Healthcare announced a $1.5 million partnership with Florida International University's Nicole Wertheim college of Nursing and Health Sciences, to expand its facilities to address the national nursing shortage.<ref>{{cite journal|date=26 April 2022|url= https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20220426005231/en|title= HCA Healthcare Announces $1.5 Million Partnership With Florida International University to Address National Nursing Faculty Shortage|journal=Businesswire|access-date=29 April 2022}}</ref>
In October 2022, [[LCMC Health System|LCMC Health]] in partnership with [[Tulane University]] announced that it would acquire [[Tulane Medical Center]], [[Lakeview Regional Medical Center]], and [[Tulane Lakeside Hospital]] from HCA for $150 million pending regulatory approval.<ref>{{Cite web |title=LCMC Health and Tulane University announce partnership |url=https://news.tulane.edu/pr/lcmc-health-and-tulane-university-announce-partnership |access-date=2022-10-10 |website=Tulane News |date=10 October 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
In March 2024, it was announced HCA had completed the sale of West Hills Hospital and Medical Center and related assets in [[Los Angeles|Los Angeles, California]] to [[UCLA Health]], for an undisclosed amount.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Diaz |first=Naomi |date=2024-03-29 |title=HCA sells hospital to UCLA Health |url=https://www.beckershospitalreview.com/hospital-transactions-and-valuation/hca-sells-hospital-to-ucla-health.html |access-date=2024-04-02 |website=www.beckershospitalreview.com |language=en-gb}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sharma |first=Soumya |date=2024-04-01 |title=UCLA Health acquires HCA's West Hills Hospital and Medical Center in US |url=https://www.hospitalmanagement.net/news/ucla-acquires-hcas-hospital/ |access-date=2024-04-02 |website=Hospital Management |language=en-US}}</ref>
==Facilities==
===United States===
{{As of|
|access-date=2022-02-27}}</ref> In 2021, it announced plans to build 3 new hospitals in Florida.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.healthcarefacilitiestoday.com/posts/HCA-Healthcare-To-Build-3-New-Hospitals-in-Florida--26933|title=HCA Healthcare to Build 3 New Hospitals in Florida - Construction}}</ref> In 2022, the [[Dallas News]] reported that HCA will build 5 new hospitals in Texas. They also have a strong presence in Tennessee, where it began. HCA had 13 hospitals there as of 2019.<ref name="hcahealthcare1">HCA Fact Sheet 2014. HCA currently owns the [[University of Central Florida College of Medicine]] and controls the board of directors for the medical school which it purchased in August 2017. {{Cite web |url=http://www.hcahealthcare.com/util/documents/HCA-presskit-fact-sheet.pdf |title=HCA Facts |access-date=September 9, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905113901/http://www.hcahealthcare.com/util/documents/HCA-presskit-fact-sheet.pdf |archive-date=September 5, 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
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''[[BizJournals]].com (Nashville Business Journal)'', June 20, 2007.</ref>
In 2017, HCA acquired the Memorial University Medical Center in Savannah, Georgia.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.savannahnow.com/story/news/2017/04/19/board-oks-710-million-sale-memorial-university-medical-center/13886654007/|title = Board OKs $710 million sale of Memorial University Medical Center| newspaper=Savannah Morning News }}</ref> That same year, they acquired three Houston, Texas, hospitals from [[Tenet Healthcare]].<ref>{{cite web|title=HCA Announces Agreement to Acquire Three Houston Hospitals from Tenet - HCA Investor Center|url=https://investor.hcahealthcare.com/press-release/hca-announces-agreement-acquire-three-houston-hospitals-tenet|access-date=20 December 2018|website=investor.hcahealthcare.com|archive-date=30 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330051335/https://investor.hcahealthcare.com/press-release/hca-announces-agreement-acquire-three-houston-hospitals-tenet|url-status=dead}}</ref>
In 2019 they purchased [[Mission Health System]] which operates hospitals in North Carolina.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.modernhealthcare.com/article/20181006/NEWS/181009941/hca-s-success-over-50-years-banks-on-sticking-with-the-basics|title=HCA's success over 50 years banks on sticking with the basics|date=2018-10-06|website=Modern Healthcare|language=en|access-date=2019-06-09}}</ref>
In January 2020, HCA Healthcare acquired Valify, a healthcare cost-management company.<ref>{{Cite press release|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/press-releases/2020-01-10/hca-healthcare-acquires-technology-and-analytics-company-valify|title=HCA Healthcare Acquires Technology and Analytics Company Valify|date=2020-01-10|work=Bloomberg.com|access-date=2020-03-19|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite press release|url=https://www.nasdaq.com/press-release/hca-healthcare-acquires-technology-and-analytics-company-valify-2020-01-10|title=HCA Healthcare Acquires Technology and Analytics Company Valify|website=www.nasdaq.com|language=en|access-date=2020-03-19}}</ref> In May 2020, HCA acquired 49-bed Shands Starke (Fla.) Regional Medical Center and 25-bed Shands Live Oak (Fla.) Regional Medical Center from CHS. HCA is operating the two facilities as off-campus emergency departments of Lake City (Fla.) Medical Center and North Florida Regional Medical Center in Gainesville.<ref>{{Cite web |title=For-profit hospital M&A update: 12 deals involving CHS, HCA and Quorum |url=https://www.beckershospitalreview.com/hospital-transactions-and-valuation/for-profit-hospital-m-a-update-12-deals-involving-chs-hca-and-quorum.html |website=beckershospitalreview.com |date=11 May 2020 |access-date=2020-05-13}}</ref> Later that year, it signed an agreement to sell Garden Park Medical Center to Singing River Health System.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nashvillepost.com/hca-to-sell-only-mississippi-hospital/article_73769d0a-1bfb-5712-aa1b-a03d4e3ce683.html|title=HCA to sell only Mississippi hospital|date=17 June 2020 }}</ref>
In 2021, HCA sold Redmond Regional Medical Center to [[AdventHealth]] for $635M,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.beckershospitalreview.com/hospital-transactions-and-valuation/hca-to-sell-georgia-hospital-to-adventhealth-for-635m.html|title=HCA to sell Georgia hospital to AdventHealth for $635M|date=13 May 2021 }}</ref> and four other Georgia hospitals to [[Piedmont Healthcare]] for $950 million.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-05-03 |title=Piedmont to Buy 4 Georgia Hospitals From HCA in $950M Deal |url=https://www.usnews.com/news/best-states/georgia/articles/2021-05-03/piedmont-to-buy-4-georgia-hospitals-from-hca-in-950m-deal |access-date=2022-09-17 |website=U.S. News & World Report}}</ref> They also announced the acquisition of Meadows Regional Medical Center.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theadvancenews.com/2021/01/20/meadows-boards-approve-sale-to-hca/|title = Meadows Boards Approve Sale to HCA – the Advance News}}</ref>
===United Kingdom===
'''{{visible anchor|HCA International}}''', the
|newspaper=[[The Independent]]
|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/health-and-families/health-news/world-s-largest-private-healthcare-company-hca-plans-expansion-into-nhs-8659439.html
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===Medical education===
In recent years, HCA Healthcare has become a significant provider of clinical and medical education. It is the largest sponsor of graduate medical education programs in the U.S., with 56 teaching hospitals in 14 states, primarily in regions with a deficit of physician training programs. {{Citation needed|date=December 2023}} The company includes [[Research Medical Center#Research College of Nursing|Research College of Nursing]] and Mercy School of Nursing, and has several advanced nursing simulation training centers.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20190701005527/en/HCA-Healthcare-Welcomes-Record-Class-1453-Residents|title=HCA Healthcare Welcomes Record Class of 1,453 Residents and Fellows|publisher=HCA Healthcare|date=1 July 2019|access-date=6 July 2020}}</ref> In early 2020, it completed the purchase of a majority stake in [[Galen College of Nursing]],<ref>{{cite news|url= https://www.bloomberg.com/press-releases/2020-01-07/hca-healthcare-completes-purchase-of-majority-stake-in-galen-college-of-nursing|title=HCA Healthcare Completes Purchase of Majority Stake in Galen College of Nursing|publisher=Bloomberg News|date=7 January 2020|access-date=6 July 2020}}</ref> which operates five campuses and offers Bachelor of Science and Associate of Science nursing degrees.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://galencollege.edu|title=Campuses and Programs|publisher=Galen College of Nursing|access-date=6 July 2020}}</ref>
==Controversies==
===Medicare billing practices lawsuit===
During the [[COVID-19 pandemic in the United States]], HCA hospital nurses and other workers spoke out about the lack of PPE.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://consumers4qualitycare.org/in-the-midst-of-a-pandemic-big-hospitals-accepted-billions-in-bailouts-while-laying-off-workers-and-neglecting-safety/ | title=In the Midst of a Pandemic, Big Hospitals Accepted Billions in Bailouts While Laying off Workers and Neglecting Safety | Consumers for Quality Care }}</ref> In 2020,<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/08/business/hospitals-bailouts-ceo-pay.html | title=Hospitals Got Bailouts and Furloughed Thousands While Paying C.E.O.s Millions | newspaper=The New York Times | date=8 June 2020 | last1=Silver-Greenberg | first1=Jessica | last2=Drucker | first2=Jesse | last3=Enrich | first3=David }}</ref> there was an outcry against HCA following the deaths of two nurses Celia Yap-Banago and Rosa Luna who worked at HCA hospitals in Kansas City and California and had contracted coronavirus, despite the alarm having been raised about the lack of PPE at work.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/nurse-died-coronavirus-kansas-city-missouri-celia-yap-banago-ppe-protest/ | title=Nurse who raised concern about lack of PPE died from coronavirus – just days before her planned retirement | website=[[CBS News]] }}</ref>▼
In 1993, lawsuits were filed against HCA by former employees who alleged that the company had engaged in questionable Medicare billing practices.<ref name="Appleby"/> In 1997, with a federal investigation by the [[Federal Bureau of Investigation|FBI]], the [[Internal Revenue Service|IRS]] and the Department of Health and Human Services in its early stages, the Columbia/HCA board of directors forced Rick Scott to resign as chairman and CEO amid growing evidence that the company "had kept two sets of books, one to show the government and one with actual expenses listed."<ref name="Appleby"/> Thomas Frist, a co-founder of HCA and brother of U.S. Senator [[Bill Frist]], returned to the company as CEO in 1997<ref name="Appleby"/> and called on longtime friend and colleague [[Jack O. Bovender Jr.|Jack O. Bovender, Jr.]] to help him turn the company around.<ref name="CNN">{{cite news|url=https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/2004/02/09/360103/index.htm|title=Bringing HCA Back to Life After years of scandal, the hospital chain is healthy again--and might just be a buy|author=David Stires|publisher=Fortune|date=9 February 2004|access-date=19 June 2020}}</ref>
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|title=HCA settles insider trading lawsuit for $20 million
|publisher=law.com |date=14 August 2007 |access-date=30 June 2020}}</ref>
===COVID-19 PPE===
▲During the [[COVID-19 pandemic in the United States]], HCA hospital nurses and other workers spoke out about the lack of PPE.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://consumers4qualitycare.org/in-the-midst-of-a-pandemic-big-hospitals-accepted-billions-in-bailouts-while-laying-off-workers-and-neglecting-safety/ | title=In the Midst of a Pandemic, Big Hospitals Accepted Billions in Bailouts While Laying off Workers and Neglecting Safety | Consumers for Quality Care }}</ref> In April 2020,<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/08/business/hospitals-bailouts-ceo-pay.html | title=Hospitals Got Bailouts and Furloughed Thousands While Paying C.E.O.s Millions | newspaper=The New York Times | date=8 June 2020 | last1=Silver-Greenberg | first1=Jessica | last2=Drucker | first2=Jesse | last3=Enrich | first3=David }}</ref> there was an outcry against HCA following the deaths of two nurses Celia Yap-Banago and Rosa Luna who worked at HCA hospitals in Kansas City and California and had contracted coronavirus, despite the alarm having been raised about the lack of PPE at work.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/nurse-died-coronavirus-kansas-city-missouri-celia-yap-banago-ppe-protest/ | title=Nurse who raised concern about lack of PPE died from coronavirus – just days before her planned retirement | website=[[CBS News]] | date=27 April 2020 }}</ref>
===Mission Hospital Acquisition Complaints===
On December 14, 2023, the [[North Carolina Attorney General]] sued HCA for violating the terms of an agreement that allowed HCA to purchase Mission Health. <ref>{{Cite web|last=Bannow|first=Tara|date=December 14, 2023|title=North Carolina attorney general sues HCA for lapses at Mission Health|url=https://www.statnews.com/2023/12/14/hca-mission-health-lawsuit/|access-date=December 14, 2023|website=[[Stat (website)|Stat]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.healthcaredive.com/news/north-carolina-ag-sue-hca-healthcare-mission-health-systems/702659/|title=North Carolina AG sues HCA over degraded care quality at Mission Health|last=Vogel|first=Susanna|date=December 15, 2023|website=[[Healthcare Dive]]|access-date=March 26, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://journalnow.com/news/local/business/health-care/nc-attorney-general-sues-for-profit-hca-over-mission-contract/article_c739f12e-9a9f-11ee-8127-f79ea94b54b6.html|title=NC attorney general sues for-profit HCA over Mission contract|last=Craver|first=Richard|date=December 14, 2023|newspaper=[[Winston-Salem Journal]]|access-date=March 26, 2024}}</ref>
On February 13, 2024, HCA Healthcare denied the allegations and asked a judge to dismiss the lawsuit by the Attorney General.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.citizen-times.com/story/news/local/2024/02/13/hca-and-mission-deny-breach-of-contract-allegations-ask-to-dismiss/72587168007/|title=HCA and Mission respond to lawsuit, denying breach of contract|last=Black|first=Mitchell|date=February 13, 2024|newspaper=[[Asheville Citizen-Times]]|access-date=March 26, 2024}}</ref><ref name=counterclaim>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bpr.org/bpr-news/2024-02-13/hca-files-motion-to-dismiss-and-counterclaim-denies-allegations-in-lawsuit-by-attorney-general-josh-stein|title=HCA files motion to dismiss and counterclaim, denies allegations in lawsuit by Attorney General Josh Stein|last=Sonmez|first=Felicia|date=February 13, 2024|website=[[Blue Ridge Public Radio]]|access-date=March 26, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://avlwatchdog.org/hca-mission-respond-to-stein-lawsuit-denying-they-have-broken-commitments-made-at-time-of-sale/|title=HCA, responding to Stein lawsuit, says it never committed to quality care at Mission|last=Jones|first=Andrew|date=February 14, 2024|website=[[Asheville Watchdog]]|access-date=March 26, 2024}}</ref> And in return the hospital network filed a [[counterclaim]] against the Attorney General.<ref name=counterclaim/>
== See also ==
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==Further reading==
* {{cite book |last1= Lutz |first1= Sandy |last2= Gee |first2= E. Preston |date= 1998 |title= Columbia/HCA: Healthcare on Overdrive |url= https://archive.org/details/columbiahcahealt00sand |publisher= [[McGraw-Hill Education|McGraw-Hill]] |isbn= 0070248044 |url-access= registration }}
*{{cite web|url=http://investor.hcahealthcare.com/sites/hcahealthcare.investorhq.businesswire.com/files/report/file/HCA_2015_Annual_Report_Web_Version.pdf|title=2015 Annual Report to Shareholders|website=Investor.healthcare.com|access-date=2 October 2017|archive-date=15 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171215142236/http://investor.hcahealthcare.com/sites/hcahealthcare.investorhq.businesswire.com/files/report/file/HCA_2015_Annual_Report_Web_Version.pdf|url-status=dead}}
==External links==
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