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[[File:Cámara CCTV.jpg|thumb|Surveillance camera in a residential community]]
[[File:CCTV dome camera subway Rotterdam.jpg|thumb|Dome camera in [[Rotterdam Centraal station|Rotterdam central metro station]]]]
'''Closed-circuit television''' ('''CCTV'''), also known as '''video surveillance''',<ref>{{cite book|editor1-last=Kumar|editor1-first=Vikas|editor2-last=Svensson|editor2-first=Jakob|title=Promoting Social Change and Democracy Through Information Technology|date=2015|publisher=IGI Global|isbn=9781466685031|page=75|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jkdLCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA75}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Dempsey|first1=John S.|title=Introduction to private security|date=2008|publisher=Thomson Wadsworth|location=Belmont, CA|isbn=9780534558734|page=78|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qQo7oDMSVXgC&pg=PA78}}</ref> is the use of [[closed-circuit television camera]]s to transmit a signal to a specific place, on a limited set of monitors. It differs from [[broadcast television]] in that the signal is not openly transmitted, though it may employ point-to-point, point-to-multipoint (P2MP), or [[Mesh networking|mesh]] wired or [[Wireless|wireless links]]. Even though almost all video cameras fit this definition, the term is most often applied to those used for [[surveillance]] in areas that require additional security or ongoing monitoring ([[
Surveillance of the public using CCTV is common in many areas around the world. Video surveillance has generated significant debate about balancing its use with individuals' [[right to privacy]] even when in public.<ref>{{cite web|title=What's wrong with public video surveillance?|url=https://www.aclu.org/other/whats-wrong-public-video-surveillance|publisher=ACLU|access-date=5 January 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Surveillance Cameras and the Right to Privacy|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/surveillance-cameras-and-the-right-to-privacy/|access-date=5 January 2017|work=CBS News|date=13 August 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Best PoE Security Camera System|url=https://top10reviewss.com/best-poe-security-camera-system-reviews/|access-date=5 January 2017|work=CBS News|date=9 November 2019|archive-date=28 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128025924/https://top10reviewss.com/best-poe-security-camera-system-reviews/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
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=== Asia ===
About 65% of CCTV cameras in the world are installed in Asia.<ref name="SDM2016">{{cite web|url=http://www.sdmmag.com/articles/92407-rise-of-surveillance-camera-installed-base-slows |website=SDM Magazine |title=Rise of Surveillance Camera Installed Base Slows|date=5 May 2016|access-date=5 January 2017}}</ref> In Asia, different human activities attracted the use of surveillance camera systems and services, including but not limited to business and related industries,{{citation needed|date=February 2016}}<ref>{{Cite book|last=Walton, Greg|title=China's Golden Shield: corporations and the development of surveillance technology in the People's Republic of China|publisher=Rights & Democracy|year=2001}}</ref> transportation,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.futuregov.asia/articles/australian-state-government-to-expand-cctv-use-across-transport-network|title=Australian state government to expand CCTV use across transport network|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402091654/http://www.futuregov.asia/articles/australian-state-government-to-expand-cctv-use-across-transport-network|archive-date=2 April 2015|url-status=dead|access-date=2015-03-11}}</ref> sports,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://uk.eurosport.yahoo.com/blogs/early-doors/chinese-tv-station-cctv-provide--old-school--analysis-of-afc-asian-cup-match-133815624.html|title=Chinese TV station CCTV provide 'old school' analysis of AFC Asian Cup match|access-date=2015-03-11}}</ref> and care for the environment.<ref>{{cite web| last = Ng | first = Kelly|url=http://www.futuregov.asia/articles/4530-indian-state-government-uses-cctv-to-cut-forest-crimes|title=Indian state government uses CCTV to cut forest crimes|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141011012135/http://www.futuregov.asia/articles/4530-indian-state-government-uses-cctv-to-cut-forest-crimes|date = 11 October 2014 |archive-date=11 October 2014|url-status=dead|access-date=2015-03-11}}</ref>
In 2018, China was reported to have [[Mass surveillance in China|a huge surveillance network]] of over 170 million CCTV cameras with 400 million new cameras expected be installed in the next three years, many of which use facial recognition technology.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-china-43751276|title=Smart cameras catch man in 60,000 crowd|date=13 April 2018|work=BBC News|access-date=2018-04-13|language=en-GB}}</ref>
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===United States===
[[File:2017-08-13 Sunriver Airport 18.jpg|thumb|Surveillance camera mounted on a tripod in [[Sunriver, Oregon]]]]
There were an estimated 30 million surveillance cameras in the United States in 2011.<ref>{{cite book|title=Technocreep : the surrender of privacy and the capitalization of intimacy.|date=2014|publisher=Greystone Books|location=[S.l.]|isbn=978-1771641227|page=28|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RExHBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA28|postscript=none}}; {{cite news|title=Surveillance Society: New High-Tech Cameras Are Watching You|url=http://www.popularmechanics.com/military/a2398/4236865/|access-date=31 October 2015|work=Popular Mechanics|date=30 September 2009|postscript=none}}; {{cite news|title=Lawmakers want more surveillance on the ground -- and in the sky|url=http://usnews.nbcnews.com/_news/2013/04/20/17830619-lawmakers-want-more-surveillance-on-the-ground-and-in-the-sky?lite|access-date=31 October 2015|work=NBC News|date=20 April 2013|postscript=none}}; {{cite book|last1=Dempsey|first1=John|last2=Forst|first2=Linda|title=An Introduction to Policing|date=2015|publisher=Cengage Learning|isbn=9781305544680|page=485|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W4TCBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA485}}</ref> Video surveillance has been common in the United States since the 1990s; for example, one manufacturer reported net earnings of $120 million in 1995.<ref>{{cite web|title=Public Video Surveillance: Is It An Effective Crime Prevention Tool?|url=http://www.library.ca.gov/crb/97/05/|publisher=California Research Bureau|access-date=5 February 2015|date=June 1997|quote=The popularity of CCTV security systems has not gone unnoticed by the manufacturers of camera surveillance systems. ...A leading CCTV manufacturer reported net earnings of $120 million in 1995, compared with net earnings of $16 million the previous year. ...Over 50 percent of all CCTV surveillance equipment sales are to industrial and commercial clients. CCTV surveillance is also very common in the American workplace.|archive-date=17 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170417005043/http://www.library.ca.gov/CRB/97/05/|url-status=dead}}</ref> With lower cost and easier installation, sales of home security cameras increased in the early 21st century. Following the [[September 11 attacks]], the use of video surveillance in public places became more common to deter future terrorist attacks.<ref name="Yesil, Bilge"/> Under the [[Homeland Security Grant Program]], government grants are available for cities to install surveillance camera networks.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Minoli|first1=Daniel|title=Building the internet of things with IPv6 and MIPv6 the evolving world of M2M communications|date=2013|publisher=Wiley|location=New Jersey|isbn=9781118647134|page=86|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6DW8UbAiaLEC&pg=PT85}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|title=The great surveillance boom|url=http://fortune.com/2013/04/26/the-great-surveillance-boom/|magazine=Fortune|access-date=24 January 2016|date=26 April 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Privacy Fears Grow as Cities Increase Surveillance|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/10/14/technology/privacy-fears-as-surveillance-grows-in-cities.html|access-date=5 January 2017|work=The New York Times|date=13 October 2013}}</ref> In 2009, there were an estimated 15,000 CCTV systems in [[Chicago]], many linked to an integrated camera network.<ref name=WSJ2009>{{cite news|title=Chicago's Camera Network Is Everywhere|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748704538404574539910412824756|access-date=5 January 2017|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|date=17 November 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=
===United Kingdom===
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[[File:Lorex digital wireless camera.jpg|thumb|[[Wireless security camera]]]]
Many consumers are turning to wireless security cameras for home surveillance. Wireless cameras do not require a video cable for video/audio transmission, simply a cable for power. Wireless cameras are also easy and inexpensive to install but lack the reliability of hard-wired cameras.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CCTV Camera Installation Guide |url=https://is3tech.com/commercial-security-camera-systems/cloud-based |access-date=2023-10-30 |website=iS3 Tech}}</ref> Previous generations of wireless security cameras relied on analogue technology; modern wireless cameras use digital technology which delivers crisper audio, sharper video, and a secure and interference-free signal.<ref>{{cite book|title=Digital Video Essentials: Shoot, Transfer, Edit, Share By Erica Sadun|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=x_yb92nsqnUC&q=video+digital+vs+analog&pg=PA3|access-date=16 October 2013|isbn=9780470113196|last1=Sadun|first1=Erica|date=26 December 2006| publisher=John Wiley & Sons }}</ref> Now-a-days Smart dual light is used in cameras for night vision and to record brighter videos of dark rooms.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-27 |title=Smart Dual Light - thaiccd.com |url=https://thaiccd.com/smart-dual-light/ |access-date=2024-06-26 |language=th}}</ref>
=== Talking CCTV ===
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