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== Status, tasks and goals ==
The Institute comes under the umbrella of the [[Federal Foreign Office]] of [[Germany]].<ref name="web.archive.org">{{
The DAI carries out archaeological and historical research worldwide and therefore often works with scholars of host countries and other international scholars. Traditionally, the Mediterranean region and the [[Near East]] are the main areas of activity, but since 1979, the institute's activities have transcended these regions and are carried out worldwide. The institute carries out excavations, expeditions, and other projects. Since 2009, the DAI has established "centres of excellence in research and teaching" in the context of the "Foreign Academic Policy Initiative" (''Initiative Außenwissenschaftspolitik'').<ref name="name">[http://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/DE/Aussenpolitik/KulturDialog/Initiativen/Aussenwissenschaftsinitiative2009/Partner/DAI-partner.html Das Deutsche Archäologische Institut auf einer Webseite des Auswärtigen Amtes]</ref> The institute is among the internationally recognised Top Research Institutes. To maintain this standard, the DAI receives special research from the Federal government's Genshagener Programme.
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===Foundation===
[[File:Eduard Gerhard Archaeologist.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Eduard Gerhard]], the main founder.]]
The
Initially, the Institute's goal was to gather and publish all archaeological discoveries relating to [[Classical Antiquity]]. The focus was on Greek and Roman antiquities, but finds from Egypt and the Near East were not excluded. There were two types of membership: corresponding members (''socii'') and ordinary members (''membri''). The ''socii'' ("fellows") were intended to form a dense network covering the whole of Europe. They were served by sections in Italy, Germany, France, and England. The Paris section under the leadership of [[Honoré Théodoric d'Albert de Luynes]] was particularly active in these early years. The ''membri'' were a smaller group who undertook long-term duties and were obliged to produce academic contributions and to review publications. The basic distinction is retained to this day.
The foundation of the institute was a significant milestone for the professionalisation of archaeology. For the first time, efforts were made to gather and publish all archaeological finds, rather than
When Eduard Gebhard left Rome in 1832, for the [[Altes Museum]] in Berlin, the institute's centre of gravity shifted to Berlin too.<ref>[http://www.dainst.org/en/history?ft=all Deutsches Archäologisches Institut] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111004200529/http://www.dainst.org/en/history?ft=all |date=2011-10-04 }} retrieved 12:38GMT 2.10.11</ref> Simultaneously, nationalist interests increased and the institute lost its international aspect. In 1836, the first modest buildings of the institute were erected in Rome on the land of the Prussian embassy. From 1842, the secretaries received salaries, the whole cost of which was taken over by the Prussian ministry of culture. The highest administrative organ, the central directorate, had several international members, until the [[German revolutions of 1848–1849|Revolutions of 1848-1849]], after which only German members were allowed.
=== Imperial Institute (
In 1871, the "Institute for Archaeological Correspondence"
The foundation of the Romano-Germanic Commission (RGK) in 1902 was due to changing academic frameworks. The influence of [[historicism]] led to a shift in interest away from [[art historical]] and [[philological]] approaches to archaeology towards empirical research of objects derived from archaeological excavations. The goal was to create an organisation, which would provide a home for the newer archaeological sub-disciplines of [[prehistory]] and Roman provincial archaeology. The RGK was intended to be the central hub of archaeological research in Germany, which had hitherto been undertaken by a range of local heritage associations, antiquarian societies, and the [[Imperial Limes Commission]]. As in Italy, it did not initially undertake its own excavations, busying itself with investigations at [[Aliso (Roman camp)|Aliso]] and [[Trier]].
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On the hundredth anniversary of the DAI's establishment in 1929, it expanded further and took over existing structures elsewhere. In Egypt, the Cairo Division was established in this year, amalgamating several German predecessor organisations. In Turkey, the Istanbul Division was established, taking over projects and structures of the Berlin museums, which had been active in Asia Minor since the late 19th century. It was also planned to open a branch office in Madrid in 1929, but this did not actually take place until 1943.
===Post-war history (
The [[Baghdad]] division was founded in 1955 and the [[Tehran]] division in 1961. In 1967, the Commission for Ancient History and [[Epigraphy]], which had been established in 1955, was brought under the DAI's umbrella to facilitate the study of textual material recovered from archaeological excavations. The Lisbon division was founded in 1971 and subsequently closed in 1999, with its library passing under the control of the [[Direção-Geral do Património Cultural|Portuguese Directorate General for Cultural Heritage]]. The Sana'a Office in [[Yemen]] was opened in 1978. The Commission for General and Comparative Archaeology (KAVA) was established in [[Bonn]] in 1979; it was later redubbed the Commission for Archaeology of Non-European Cultures (KAAK). The Damascus Office was established in 1980. With the outbreak of the [[Iran-Iraq War]] in 1980, the Baghdad division's library and offices were largely relocated to Berlin and it ceased excavations, shifting its focus to heritage protection. The Eurasian Division was established in 1995, to pursue research in [[Eastern Europe]] and [[Central Asia]], which had become possible following the [[dissolution of the Soviet Union]]. The Tehran Office became part of the new division in 1996. The Damascus, Sana'a, and Baghdad Offices were placed under the control of a new Eastern Division, based at the DAI's headquarters in Berlin in 1996. The Ulaanbaatar research centre was founded in [[Mongolia]] in 2007 under the umbrella of KAAK. The Beijing Office was established in 2009. The Baghdad office resumed archaeological excavations in [[Iraqi Kurdistan]] resumed in 2011, and in southern Iraq in 2015. Following the outbreak of the [[Syrian Civil War]] in 2011, the Damascus Office shifted its base to [[Amman]] in [[Jordan]], where it formed a close partnership with the [[German Protestant Institute of Archaeology of the Holy Land]] (GPIA). Parts of the Damascus library were relocated to Berlin. The DAI and GPIA jointly established a new research centre in Amman in 2019, which has effectively subsumed the Damascus office. With the outbreak of the [[Yemeni civil war (2014–present)|Yemeni Civil War]] in 2014, the Sana'a office's buildings in Sana'a were closed and its main focus has shifted to [[Northeast Africa]], where it had been active since 2009. The Budapest research centre was set up in June 2016.
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* [[Gerhart Rodenwaldt]] (1922–1926)
===
* Gerhart Rodenwaldt (1926–1932)
* [[Theodor Wiegand]] (1932–1936)
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* [[Hermann Parzinger]] (2003–2008)
* [[Hans-Joachim Gehrke]] (2008–2011)<ref>[http://www.hans-joachim-gehrke.de/?page_id=2 Timeline of Hans-Joachim Gehrke] retrieved 16:08GMT 2.10.11</ref>
* [[Friederike Fless]] (since 2011)<ref>{{
== Structure and organisation ==
[[File:Wiegand-Haus.jpg|thumb|Wiegand House in Berlin-Dahlem, seat of the presidium of the DAI]]
[[File:Lange Nacht der Wissenschaften DAI Berlin 05.JPG|thumb|Kurt-Bittel House, the new entrance area and central library of the DAI's Berlin Centre.]]
The German Archaeological Institute is headed by a president (since 2011, this is [[Friederike Fless]], the first woman to hold the position), who is supported by a general secretary (since 2014, this is {{ill|Philipp von Rummel|de}}). The secretary represents the president and supports them, particularly in matters of academic organisation and policy. The president is bound by the determinations of the central directorate.
The central directorate (''Zentraldirektion'') is the highest monitoring and decision-making body of the DAI. It determines the annual budget and academic programme, as well as making decisions about publications. It also chooses the president and the directors of the divisions and commissions. A new statue governing the role of the central directorate came into force on 1 October 2019, which specified in particular that employees of the DAI can no longer be members of the central directorate.
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* Christina Norwig, Representative of the Federal Ministry for Education and Research
* [[Christof Berns]], Classical archaeology
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=== Divisions and foreign schools ===
The institute contains the following divisions based outside Germany.<ref>{{Cite web|title=LOCATIONS Contact|url=https://www.dainst.org/en/dai/standorte/kontakte|access-date=22 March 2021|website=www.dainst.org|archive-date=17 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417003236/https://www.dainst.org/en/dai/standorte/kontakte|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=direktoren|url=https://www.dainst.org/en/dai/geschichte/direktoren|access-date=22 March 2021|website=www.dainst.org/|archive-date=31 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201031025120/https://www.dainst.org/en/dai/geschichte/direktoren|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[Eurasien-Abteilung des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts|Eurasian Division]], Berlin; director: Svend Hansen; deputy: [[Mayke Wagner]]
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