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{{Short description|2021 American crewed spaceflight to the ISS and maiden flight of Crew Dragon Endurance}}
{{Use American English|date=April 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2021}}
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| mission_type = ISS crew transport
| operator = [[SpaceX]]
| COSPAR_ID = 2021-103A▼
| SATCAT = 49407▼
| website =
| mission_duration = {{time interval|11 November 2021 02:03:31|6 May 2022 04:43|show=dhm}}
| spacecraft = {{ComV|Dragon 2|Endurance|full=nolink}}
| spacecraft_type = [[SpaceX Dragon 2|Crew Dragon]]
| manufacturer = SpaceX
| launch_mass = {{cvt|12055|kg}}<ref name="NASANSSDCADatabase">{{cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2021-103A|title=Dragon Endurance|publisher=NASA|date=14 November 2021|access-date=15 November 2021|quote=Mass: 12055 kg}}</ref>
| landing_mass = <!--{{cvt|9616|kg}}{{cn|date=November 2021 - Mass from Crew
| crew_size = 4
| crew_members = {{Ubl|[[Raja Chari]]|[[Thomas Marshburn]]|[[Matthias Maurer]]|[[Kayla Barron]]}}
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| launch_rocket = [[Falcon 9 Block 5]] ([[List of Falcon 9 first-stage boosters|B1067.2]])
| launch_site = [[Kennedy Space Center]], [[Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39A|LC-39A]]
| launch_contractor =
| recovery_by =
| landing_date = 6 May 2022, 04:43 UTC<ref name="Indepcrew3landingweek">{{cite news |last1=Kelvey |first1=Jon |title=
| landing_site = [[Gulf of Mexico]]
| orbit_reference = [[Geocentric orbit]]
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}}
'''SpaceX Crew-3''' was the
This launch brought the total number of [[Space travelers|humans who have been to space]] to more than 600 with Maurer (600) and Barron (601).<ref name="NYTimesUpdates">{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/11/10/science/600-astronauts-space.html|url-access=limited|title=More than 600 human beings have now been to space|last=Roulette|first=Joey|newspaper=The New York Times |quote=They've tipped the number of people to have gone to space to over 600, according to a tally maintained by NASA|date=10 November 2021|access-date=11 November 2021}}</ref>
== Name ==
Crew Dragon capsules have been given names by their initial crews — ''[[Crew Dragon Endeavour|Endeavour]]'' for the first, and ''[[Crew Dragon Resilience|Resilience]]'' for the second. On 7 October 2021, it was announced that the third capsule will be called ''[[Crew Dragon Endurance|Endurance]]''.<ref>{{cite AV media|date=2 May 2021|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xztx8cHVZ98|title=NASA's SpaceX Crew1 Post-Splashdown Briefing|publisher=NASA Video|via=YouTube|access-date=2 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211010031444/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xztx8cHVZ98|archive-date=10 October 2021 |url-status=live}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> The name honors the SpaceX and NASA teams that endured through a [[COVID-19 pandemic|pandemic]], building the spacecraft and training the [[astronaut|astronauts]] who flew it.<ref>{{cite web|last=Wall|first=Mike|title=Meet "Endurance": New SpaceX Crew Dragon capsule gets a name|url=https://www.space.com/spacex-crew-dragon-capsule-named-endurance|publisher=Space.com|date=2021-10-07|access-date=2021-11-14}}</ref> The name also honors ''[[Endurance (1912 ship)|Endurance]]'', the ship used by [[Ernest Shackleton|Shackleton]]'s [[Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition]]. The three-masted vessel sank in 1915 after being bound in ice before reaching Antarctica.<ref name="SFN20211008">{{cite web|url=https://spaceflightnow.com/2021/10/08/astronauts-choose-endurance-as-name-for-new-spacex-crew-capsule/|title=Astronauts choose "Endurance" as name for new SpaceX crew capsule|publisher=Spaceflight Now|date=8 October 2021|access-date=8 October 2021}}</ref>
== Crew ==
German ESA astronaut [[Matthias Maurer]] was selected first for the mission in September 2020.<ref name="Inverse20201001"/><ref name="SF-Crew-3"/><ref name="Twitter20200908"/> NASA astronauts [[Raja Chari]] and [[Thomas Marshburn]] were added on 14 December 2020 to the crew.<ref name="Crew3Announcement"/><ref name="SFN20201229"/> The fourth seat was left open in anticipation that a Russian cosmonaut would take the seat, marking the beginning of a barter agreement that would see NASA and [[Roscosmos]] trade seats on the [[Soyuz (spacecraft)|Soyuz]] and Commercial Crew Vehicles, although in April 2021 then-acting NASA administration [[Steve Jurczyk]] said that this agreement would be unlikely to start until after Crew-3 had launched.<ref name="SFN20210424">{{cite web|last=Clark|first=Stephen|title=NASA chief: Russian cosmonauts unlikely fly on U.S. crew capsules until next year|url=https://spaceflightnow.com/2021/04/20/nasa-chief-russian-cosmonauts-unlikely-fly-on-u-s-crew-capsules-until-next-year/|publisher=Spaceflight Now|access-date=24 April 2021}}.</ref> The fourth seat was assigned to [[Kayla Barron]] in May 2021.<ref name="Barron">{{cite web|title=Kayla Barron Joins NASA's SpaceX Crew-3 Mission to Space Station|url=https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/kayla-barron-joins-nasa-s-spacex-crew-3-mission-to-space-station|publisher=NASA|date=17 May 2021|access-date=17 May 2021}} {{PD-notice}}</ref>
Chari is the first [[rookie]] astronaut to command a NASA space mission since the [[Skylab 4]] crew blasted off to the [[Skylab]] space station in 1973. [[Gerald Carr (astronaut)|Gerald Carr]], who had not flown in space before, led a three-man crew on an 84-day flight on the Skylab.<ref name="SFN20211111">{{cite web|url=https://spaceflightnow.com/2021/11/10/raja-chari-is-the-first-rookie-astronaut-in-nearly-50-years-to-command-a-nasa-mission/|title=Raja Chari is the first rookie astronaut in 48 years to command a NASA mission|publisher=Spaceflight Now|date=10 November 2021|access-date=11 November 2021}}</ref> This was also the first spaceflight for Maurer and Barron.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2021/11/crew-3-launch/|title=SpaceX launches mostly-rookie Crew-3 mission to ISS |website=nasaspaceflight.com|date=10 November 2021
{{Spaceflight crew
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| position2 = Pilot
| crew2_up = {{Flagicon|United States}} [[Thomas Marshburn]]
| flights2_up = Third and last
| agency2_up = [[NASA]]
| expedition2_up = [[Expedition 66]] / [[Expedition 67|67]]
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}}
The first astronauts of this [[NASA Astronaut Group 22]] (nicknamed ''The Turtles'') to fly to space, Raja Chari and Kayla Barron on SpaceX Crew-3 took a [[Stuffed toy|stuffed]] turtle as zero-g indicator, to pay a tribute to their astronaut group.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/sciguyspace/status/1458620101784129547|title=SpaceX Crew-3|publisher=Twitter|access-date=11 November 2021}}</ref> Additionally, to include the other crew members on board, Matthias Maurer and Tom Marshburn, the turtle was named "Pfau", a German word meaning "Peacock" for Matthias Maurer who is German, and for Tom Marshburn who was part of [[NASA Astronaut Group 19]] (nicknamed ''The Peacocks'').<ref>{{cite web|title=Crew-3 Mission|website=YouTube|date=11 November 2021 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aknndyovSKs|access-date=12 November 2021}}</ref>
== Mission ==
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The third SpaceX operational mission in the [[Commercial Crew Program]] was originally scheduled to launch on 31 October 2021.<ref name="nasa-20211019">{{cite web|last=Sempsrott|first=Danielle |url=https://blogs.nasa.gov/commercialcrew/2021/10/19/nasa-spacex-adjust-next-crew-launch-date-to-space-station|title=NASA, SpaceX Adjust Next Crew Launch Date to Space Station|publisher=NASA|date=19 October 2021|access-date=20 October 2021}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> However, it was delayed to 3 November 2021 due to unfavorable weather in the Atlantic Ocean,<ref name="nasa-20211030">{{cite web|last=Sempsrott |first=Danielle|url=https://blogs.nasa.gov/commercialcrew/2021/10/30/nasa-spacex-adjust-next-space-station-crew-rotation-launch-date-2/|title=NASA, SpaceX Adjust Next Space Station Crew Rotation Launch Date |publisher=NASA|date=30 October 2021|access-date=30 October 2021}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> and then further delayed to 7 November 2021 due to a minor medical issue with one of the astronauts.<ref name="Weather">{{cite web|url=https://www.space.com/spacex-crew-3-launch-astronaut-medical-issue-delay|title=SpaceX's Crew-3 astronaut launch for NASA delayed by "minor medical issue"|publisher=Space.com|date=1 November 2021 |access-date=5 November 2021}}</ref> Due to expected bad weather, it was again delayed to 9 November 2021.<ref name="SFN20211104">{{cite web|url=https://spaceflightnow.com/2021/11/04/nasa-rules-out-weekend-crew-dragon-launch-may-bring-station-crew-home-first/|title=NASA rules out weekend Crew Dragon launch, may bring station crew home first|publisher=Spaceflight Now|date=4 November 2021|access-date=5 November 2021}}</ref>
Due to the launch delays, NASA decided to return the astronauts from Crew-2 before Crew-3 launched, thus being the first Crew Dragon indirect handover of space station crews.<ref name="APNEWS">{{cite web |url=https://apnews.com/article/space-exploration-science-business-weather-26ca18622d5779b79aeac5bc41392cbe
The return of Crew-3 was delayed multiple times, from April 2022 to early May. Undocking happened on 5 May (05:20 UTC), with [[splashdown]] occurring the following day after spending 176 days in [[space]].<ref>{{Cite web |
The European segment of the mission is called "Cosmic Kiss".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Human_and_Robotic_Exploration/ESA_astronaut_Matthias_Maurer_officially_assigned_first_flight|title=ESA astronaut Matthias Maurer officially assigned first flight |website=esa.int|publisher=ESA|date=14 December 2020|access-date=15 December 2020}}</ref>
== Gallery ==
{{Gallery
| title = SpaceX Crew-3
| footer =
| style = text-align:center;
|File:SpaceX Crew-3 Dry Dress Rehearsal (KSC-20211028-PH SPX02 0012).jpg
|Crew-3 astronauts during dress rehearsals
| alt1=
|Launch of Falcon 9 Flight 127 (KSC-20211110-PH-KNO02 0005).jpg
|Launch of Crew-3
|alt2=
|NASA’s SpaceX Crew-3 Splashdown (NHQ202205060001).jpg
|Crew-3 reenters the atmosphere
|alt3=
|The SpaceX Crew Dragon Endurance approaches the station (iss066e077617).jpg
|Crew Dragon ''Endurance'' approaches the ISS
|alt4=
|NASA’s SpaceX Crew-3 Splashdown (NHQ202205060003).jpg
|Crew-3 astronauts after splashdown
|alt5=
}}
== See also ==
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[[Category:2021 in the United States]]
[[Category:Fully civilian crewed orbital spaceflights]]
[[Category:Spacecraft which reentered in 2022]]
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