1942: Difference between revisions

{{More citations needed|date=January 2021}}

{{Use mdy dates|date=August 2019}}

{{Events by month|1942}}

{{Year nav|1942}}

===January===

{{Main|January 1942}}

* [[January 5]] &ndash; WWII: Two prisoners, British officer [[Airey Neave]] and Dutch officer [[Anthony Luteyn]], escape from [[Colditz Castle]] in [[Germany]]. After travelling for three days, they reach the Swiss border.<ref>{{cite book | last = Levine | first = Alan | title = Captivity, flight, and survival in World War II | publisher = Praeger | location = Westport, CT | year = 2000 | isbn = 9780275969554 | page=119}}</ref>

* [[January 7]] – WWII:

** [[Henry Ford]] patents a plastic automobile that would be 30% lighter than a conventional car.

* [[January 14]]

** The [[Sikorsky R-4]] first flies in the United States; it will become the first mass-produced [[helicopter]].

* [[January 16]] – American film actress [[Carole Lombard]] and her mother are among all 22 killed aboard [[TWA Flight 3]] when the [[Douglas DC-3]] plane crashes into [[Potosi Mountain (Nevada)|Potosi Mountain]] near [[Las Vegas]] while she is returning from a tour to promote the sale of war bonds.

* [[February 8]]

** WWII: [[Fall of Singapore|Battle of Singapore]]: Japanese forces of the [[5th Division (Imperial Japanese Army)|5th Division]] and [[18th Division (Imperial Japanese Army)|18th Division]] (some 23,000 men) begin to cross the [[Straits of Johor|Johor Strait]] and attack the Australian [[22nd Brigade (Australia)|22nd Brigade]] (some 3,000 men) at [[Singapore in the Straits Settlements|Singapore]].

** WWII: Top United States military leaders hold their first formal meeting to discuss American military strategy in the war.

** [[António Óscar Carmona]] is elected president of Portugal.

* [[February 9]] &ndash; The [[ocean liner]] {{SS|Normandie}} catches fire while being converted into the troopship USS ''Lafayette'' (AP-53) for WWII at Pier 88 in New York City; she capsizes early the following morning.

* [[February 11]]–[[February 13|13]] – WWII: [[Operation Cerberus]]: A [[Kriegsmarine]] (German navy) squadron comprising the [[German battleship Scharnhorst|''Scharnhorst'']] and [[German battleship Gneisenau|''Gneisenau'']], heavy cruiser [[German cruiser Prinz Eugen|''Prinz Eugen'']] and their escort, dash from [[Brest, France|Brest]] through the [[English Channel]] to German ports; the British fail to sink any of them.

** Aleutian Islands campaign: [[Japanese occupation of Kiska]].

* [[June 8]] – WWII: [[Attack on Sydney Harbour]]: The Australian cities of Sydney and [[Newcastle, New South Wales|Newcastle]] are shelled by Japanese submarines. The eastern suburbs of both cities are damaged, and the east coast is blacked out.

** Free French forces (some 2,700 men) evacuate Bir Hakeim and escape through a minefield, where they are picked up by British patrols of the [[7th Armoured Division (United Kingdom)|7th Armoured Division]].

** [[Lidice massacre]]: Units of the Nazi ''[[Ordnungspolizei]]'' and ''[[Sicherheitsdienst]]'' shoot all 173 male residents of the Czech village of [[Lidice]] in retaliation for the killing of [[Reinhard Heydrich]]. Of 503 inhabitants, a total of around 340 are killed, including 82 children deported to [[Chełmno extermination camp]], and the remainder are removed. All domestic animals are killed and graves despoiled, the village is burned, remains blown up and the site landscaped out of existence; Nazi propaganda (which is open about the event) states "The name of the village was immediately abolished."<ref>{{cite news|newspaper=The New York Times|title=Nazis Blot Out Czech Village; Kill All Men, Disperse Others|date=11 June 1942}}</ref>

* [[August 26]]–[[August 31|31]] – WWII: [[Battle of Isurava]]: Japanese forces (some 2,100 men) of the [[South Seas Detachment]] under General [[Tomitarō Horii]] defeat the Australian [[Maroubra Force]] at [[Isurava, Papua New Guinea|Isurava]], who fights delaying actions on the [[Kokoda Track]].

* [[August 27]]–[[August 28|28]] – [[Sarny Massacre]]: Nazi troops and the [[Ukrainian Auxiliary Police]] systematically execute more than 14,000 people, mostly Jews, in and around [[Sarny]] in [[History of Poland (1939–1945)|German-occupied Poland]].

* [[August 29]] – WWII: [[Tokyo Express]]: The Japanese navy starts night-time delivery of reinforcements, supplies and equipment to the Japanese forces operating in and around [[New Guinea]] and the [[Solomon Islands]].

* [[August 30]] – WWII: [[Luxembourg]] is formally annexed to the German Reich.

{{Main|November 1942}}

* [[November 1]] &ndash; WWII: North Atlantic [[convoy SC 107]] is heavily attacked by [[U-boat]]s, sinking 15 ships.<ref>{{cite book |last=Waters |first=John M. Jr. |title=Bloody Winter |publisher=D. Van Nostrand Company |date=1967 |pages=38–55 |location=Princeton, NJ}}</ref>

* [[November 3]] – WWII: [[Second Battle of El Alamein]]: German forces under [[Erwin Rommel]] are forced to retreat during the night.

* [[November 6]] – WWII: [[Battle of Madagascar]] ends when [[Vichy French]] forces on [[Madagascar]] sign an [[armistice]] with the Allies.

[[File:Muhammad Ali NYWTS.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Muhammad Ali]]]]

[[File:Michael Crawford2012.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Michael Crawford]]]]

[[File:Tasuku Honjo 201311.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Tasuku Honjo]]]]

* [[January 1]]

** [[John McLaughlin (musician)|John McLaughlin]], English guitarist, bandleader and composer<ref>{{cite book |author=Peter Lavezzoli |title=The Dawn of Indian Music in the West |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OSZKCXtx-wEC&pg=PA332 |date=24 April 2006 |publisher=A&C Black |isbn=978-0-8264-1815-9 |pages=332 |access-date=April 6, 2021 |archive-date=December 7, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231207090521/https://books.google.com/books?id=OSZKCXtx-wEC&pg=PA332#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref>

* [[January 5]]

** [[Charlie Rose]], American television anchor and talk show host

* [[January 7]] – [[Vasily Alekseyev]], Soviet weightlifter (d. [[2011]])

* [[January 9]] – [[Lee Kun-hee]], South Korean businessman (d. [[2020]])

* [[January 10]] – [[Walter Hill]], American film director, screenwriter, and producer<ref>{{cite book |author=Geoff Andrew |title=The Film Handbook |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EQK1AAAAIAAJ |year=1990 |publisher=G.K. Hall |isbn=978-0-8161-9093-5 |page=130}}</ref>

* [[January 12]]

** [[Ramiro de León Carpio]], 31st [[President of Guatemala]] (d. [[2002]])

** [[Salim Ahmed Salim]], 4th Prime Minister of Tanzania

* [[January 25]] – [[Eusébio]], Mozambican Portuguese footballer (d. [[2014]])<ref>{{cite book | last = Dunmore | first = Tom | title = Historical dictionary of soccer | publisher = Scarecrow Press | location = Lanham, Md | year = 2011 | isbn = 9780810871885 | page=74}}</ref>

* [[January 27]] – [[Tasuku Honjo]], Japanese immunologist, Nobel Prize laureate in Physiology or Medicine

* [[January 28]]

** [[Hans Jürgen Bäumler]], German figure skater, actor, pop singer and television host

** [[Erkki Pohjanheimo]], Finnish TV-producer and director

* [[January 29]] – [[Arnaldo Tamayo Méndez]], Cuban military officer, legislator, and cosmonaut

** [[Sadou Hayatou]], 4th [[Prime Minister of Cameroon]] (d. [[2019]])

** [[Sherry Jackson]], American actress

* [[February 21]] – [[Margarethe von Trotta]], German actress, film director and writer

* [[February 22]] – [[Christine Keeler]], English model (d. [[2017]])<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-29213271 |title=Obituary: Christine Keeler |date=2017-12-05 |work=BBC News |access-date=2017-12-06 |df=dmy-all |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612043214/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-29213271 |archive-date=12 June 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>

** [[Michael York]], English actor

* [[March 28]]

** [[Neil Kinnock]], British Labour leader

** [[Mike Newell (director)|Mike Newell]], British film director

* [[April 20]]

** [[Casimir Oyé-Mba]], 3rd [[Prime Minister of Gabon]] (d. [[2021]])<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bdpgabon.org/articles/categories/afrique/EEEEFFpllVCMBupXnN.shtml|title=Bongo Doit Partir - BDP Gabon Nouveau: Actualités: Afrique: Bio-Portrait: Casimir Oyé Mba, le profil de l'emploi|date=April 22, 2007|access-date=September 22, 2021|archive-date=April 22, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070422175103/http://www.bdpgabon.org/articles/categories/afrique/EEEEFFpllVCMBupXnN.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref>

* [[April 21]] – [[Geoffrey Palmer (politician)|Geoffrey Palmer]], 33rd [[Prime Minister of New Zealand]]

* [[April 22]] – [[Rudolf Jaenisch]], German-American biologist

* [[April 26]] – [[Bobby Rydell]], American singer (d. [[2022]])

* [[April 27]]

** [[Jim Keltner]], American drummer

** [[Valeri Polyakov]], Russian cosmonaut (d. [[2022]])

* [[June 12]] – [[Bert Sakmann]], German physiologist, recipient of the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]]

* [[June 13]] – [[Abdulsalami Abubakar]], [[President of Nigeria]]

* [[June 16]]

** [[Giacomo Agostini]], Italian motorcycle racer

[[File:Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri portrait.png|thumb|100px|[[Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri]]]]

[[File:Vicente Fox Official Photo 2000 (Cropped).jpg|thumb|100px|[[Vicente Fox]]]]

[[File:Harrison Ford by Gage Skidmore 3.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Harrison Ford]]]]

[[File:Roger McGuinn - Natick, MA (2011).jpg|thumb|100px|[[Roger McGuinn]]]]

* [[July 2]]

** [[Vicente Fox]], 55th [[President of Mexico]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.buscabiografias.com/biografia/verDetalle/3690/Vicente%20Fox%20Quesada |title=Vicente Fox Quesada |publisher=Busca Biografias |language=es |access-date=May 30, 2019 |archive-date=October 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221027171828/https://www.buscabiografias.com/biografia/verDetalle/3690/Vicente%20Fox%20Quesada |url-status=live }}</ref>

** [[Ahmet Türk]], Kurdish nationalist

** [[Juan Cutillas]], footballer and Spanish soccer coach

* [[July 16]] – [[Margaret Court]], Australian tennis player

* [[July 17]]

** [[Zoot Money]], English vocalist, keyboardist and bandleader

* [[July 18]]

* [[July 24]] – [[Chris Sarandon]], American actor

* [[July 26]] – [[Hannelore Elsner]], German actress (d. [[2019]])

* [[July 29]] – [[Tony Sirico]], American actor (d. [[2022]])

 

** [[Carlos Monzón]], Argentine professional boxer (d. [[1995]])

** [[Caetano Veloso]], Brazilian composer, singer, guitarist, writer, and political activist

* [[August 10]] – [[Agepê]], Brazilian singer/composer (d. [[1995]])

* [[August 13]]

*[[August 17]] – [[Muslim Magomayev (musician)|Muslim Magomayev]], Soviet, Azerbaijani and Russian singer (d. [[2008]])

* [[August 20]] – [[Isaac Hayes]], American singer and actor (d. [[2008]])

* [[August 23]]

** [[Nancy Richey]], American tennis player

* [[September 9]] – [[The Iron Sheik]], Iranian-American wrestler (d. [[2023]])

* [[September 11]] – [[Lola Falana]], American singer, dancer, model and actress

* [[September 15]]

** [[Robert Lau Hoi Chew]], Malaysian politician (d. [[2010]])

* [[September 17]] – [[Lupe Ontiveros]], American actress (d. [[2012]])

** [[Robert Graysmith]], American true crime author and former cartoonist

* [[September 19]] – [[Freda Payne]], American singer and actress

* [[September 20]] – [[Rose Francine Rogombé]], Gabonese lawyer and politician (d. [[2015]])

* [[September 22]]

** [[Wu Ma]], Chinese film actor, director, producer and writer (d. [[2014]])

** [[David Stern]], American commissioner of the National Basketball Association (d. [[2020]])

* [[September 25]] – [[Dee Dee Warwick]], American singer (d. [[2008]])

** [[Pierre Clémenti]], French actor (d. [[1999]])

** [[Tim Maia]], Brazilian musician, songwriter and businessman (d. [[1998]])

* [[September 29]]

** [[Felice Gimondi]], Italian racing cyclist (d. [[2019]])

** [[Madeline Kahn]], American actress (d. [[1999]])

 

===November===

[[File:Bob Einstein 1970.JPG|thumb|100px|[[Bob Einstein]]]]

[[File:Guion Bluford.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Guion Bluford]]]]

** [[Robert F. Engle]], American economist, [[Nobel Prize in Economics|Nobel Prize]] laureate

** [[Hans-Rudolf Merz]], Swiss federal councillor

* [[November 15]] – [[Daniel Barenboim]], Argentine-born pianist and conductor

* [[November 16]] – [[Joanna Pettet]], British-born Canadian actress

[[File:Paul Butterfield 79.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Paul Butterfield]]]]

[[File:Hu_Jintao_2012.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Hu Jintao]]]]

* [[December 1]] – [[John Clauser]], American quantum physicist, recipient of the [[Nobel Prize in Physics]]<ref>{{cite press release|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2022/press-release/|title=The Nobel Prize in Physics 2022|date=2022-10-04|work=[[Nobel Prize]]|publisher=[[The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences]]|access-date=2022-10-06|archive-date=October 4, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004095754/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2022/press-release/|url-status=live}}</ref>

* [[December 2]] – [[Francisque Ravony]], 7th Prime Minister of Madagascar (d. [[2003]])

* [[December 8]] – [[Toots Hibbert]], Jamaican reggae singer-songwriter (d. [[2020]])

* [[December 9]]

** [[Billy Bremner]], Scottish footballer (d. [[1997]])

* [[December 17]]

** [[Hu Jintao]], [[General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party]], 6th [[President of the People's Republic of China]]<!-- "Hu" is surname -->

** [[Carla Thomas]], American singer

* [[December 27]]

** [[Muruga Booker]], American drummer, composer, inventor, artist and recording artist

** [[Fred Ward]], American actor and producer (d. [[2022]])

* [[December 31]] – [[Taufiq Kiemas]], 5th [[Spouses of the Presidents of Indonesia|First Spouse of Indonesia]] (d. [[2013]])

 

==Deaths==

** [[Emma Calvé]], French soprano (b. [[1858]])

** [[Henri de Baillet-Latour]], 3rd [[President of the International Olympic Committee]] (b. [[1876]])

* [[January 9]]

** [[Heber Doust Curtis]], American astronomer (b. [[1872]])

 

===February===

[[File:Relander LC.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Lauri Kristian Relander]]]]

[[File:Malta - Floriana - Triq Sarria - The Mall 31 ies.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Ugo Pasquale Mifsud]]]]

** [[Robert William Chapman (engineer)|Robert William Chapman]], Australian engineer and mathematician (b. [[1866]])

** [[Joseph Emile Harley]], American army officer and politician (b. [[1880]])

 

===March===

** [[Michael Kitzelmann]], German army officer (b. [[1916]])

* [[June 14]] – [[Fyodor Braun]], Soviet-born German scholar (b. [[1862]])

**[[Jozef Gabčík]], Slovak soldier and resistance fighter, a member of the team part of [[Operation Anthropoid]] (b. [[1912]])

**[[Jan Kubiš]], Czech soldier and resistance fighter, a member of the team part of [[Operation Anthropoid]] (b. [[1913]])

**[[Adolf Opálka]], Czech soldier and resistance fighter, a member of the team part of [[Operation Anthropoid]] (b. [[1915]])

* [[June 19]]

** [[Ahmad II of Tunis]], Ruler of Tunisia (b. [[1862]])

** [[James C. Morton]], American actor (b. [[1884]])

* [[October 26]] – [[William Finnemann]], Filipino [[Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]] priest, archbishop and servant of God (b. [[1882]])

* [[October 28]] – [[Alexander von Dassel]], German magistrate (b. [[1854]])

* [[October 31]] – [[Emilio Caldara]], Italian politician (b. [[1868]])