Content deleted Content added
m Reverted edits by 92.66.38.84 (talk) (HG) (3.4.12) |
Randy Kryn (talk | contribs) →Art patron: hyphen in link per direct link |
||
(25 intermediate revisions by 16 users not shown) | |||
Line 1:
{{Short description|Member of French nobility (1340–1416)}}
{{More citations needed|date=June 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=
{{Infobox royalty
| name = John
| title = [[Duke of Berry]]
| image = Duc de Berry.jpg
| caption = Image of John, Duke of Berry from the [[Très Riches Heures]]
| spouse = [[Joanna of Armagnac|Joan of Armagnac]]<br>[[Joan II, Countess of Auvergne]]
| issue = [[John de Valois, Count of Montpensier|Jean de Valois, Count of Montpensier]]<br>[[Bonne of Berry|Bonne, Viscountess of Carlat]]<br>[[Marie, Duchess of Auvergne]]
| house = [[House of Valois|Valois]]
| father = [[John II of France]]
| mother = [[Bonne of Bohemia]]
| succession = [[List of regents#France|Regent of France]]
|birth_date=30 November 1340▼
| reign-type = Regency
|birth_place=[[Château de Vincennes]]▼
| reign = 1382-1388
|death_date={{Death date and age|1416|06|15|1340|11|30|df=y}}▼
| pre-type = Monarch
|death_place=[[Paris]]▼
| predecessor = [[Charles VI of France|Charles VI]]
| reg-type = Co-Regent
| regent = [[Philip the Bold|Philippe II, Duke of Burgundy]] (1382-1388)<br />[[Louis II, Duke of Bourbon]] (1382-1388)
▲| birth_date = 30 November 1340
▲| birth_place = [[Château de Vincennes]]
▲| death_date = {{Death date and age|1416|06|15|1340|11|30|df=y}}
▲| death_place = [[Paris]]
}}
'''John of Berry''' or '''John the Magnificent''' ([[French language|French]]: ''Jean de Berry'', {{Lang-la|Johannes de Bituria}}; 30 November 1340 – 15 June 1416) was [[Duke of Berry]] and [[Rulers of Auvergne|Auvergne]] and [[Count of Poitiers]] and [[Montpensier
John is primarily remembered as a collector of the important [[illuminated manuscript]]s and other works of art commissioned by him, such as the
sem-linkMme Patricia Stirnemann sem-linkJean-Baptiste Lebigue
Bulletin de la Société nationale des Antiquaires de France Année 2015 2010 pp. 298-304
Line 29 ⟶ 36:
===Service as regent===
Upon the death of his older brother Charles V in 1380,
In the 1390s, the dukes of Berry and Burgundy would jockey for royal favor against the Duke of Orléans, Charles VI's brother. In April of 1401, while the Duke of Orléans was away from court, King Charles VI's uncles made him sign the lieutenancy of Languedoc, Berry, Auvergne, and Poitou back over to Jean de Berry.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lehoux |first=Françoise |title=Jean de France, duc de Berri, sa vie, son action politique (1340-1416) |publisher=Éditions A. et J. Picard et Cie. |year=1966 |location=Paris |pages=448 |language=French}}</ref>
[[Simon of Cramaud]], a canonist and prelate, served John in his efforts to find a way to end the [[Great Western schism]] that was not unfavorable to French interests.
===Later life===
In his later years, John became a more conciliatory figure in France. After the death of Philip the Bold in 1404, he was the last surviving son of King John,{{sfn|Emmerson|2013|page=381}} and generally tried to play the role of a peacemaker between the factions of his nephews [[Louis of Valois, Duke of Orléans|Louis of Orléans]] and [[John the Fearless]]. After the murder of Orléans at the orders of the Duke of Burgundy, he generally took the Orléanist or [[Armagnac (party)|Armagnac]] side in the civil war that erupted, but was always a moderate figure, attempting to reconcile the two sides and promote internal peace. It was largely due to John's urging that Charles VI and his sons were not present at the [[Battle of Agincourt]] in 1415. Remembering his father's fate as a captive after the [[Battle of Poitiers (1356)|Battle of Poitiers]]
{{multiple image
Line 50 ⟶ 59:
===Family and children===
John
*[[Bonne of Berry]] (1367–1435), who succeeded him as Viscountess of Carlat and married first [[Amadeus VII, Count of Savoy]],<ref>Joni M. Hand, ''Women, Manuscripts and Identity in Northern Europe, 1350–1550'', (Ashgate, 2013), 25.</ref> and then [[Bernard VII, Count of Armagnac]].
*Charles of Berry, [[Count of Montpensier]] (1371–1383)
*Jeanne of Berry (1373–1375)
*Beatrice of Berry (April 1374)
*[[Marie, Duchess of Auvergne|Marie of Berry]] (1375–1434), who succeeded him as [[Rulers of Auvergne|Duchess of Auvergne]] and married first [[Louis III of Châtillon]],{{sfn|Figg|Palmer|2001|p=690}} then [[Philip of Artois, Count of Eu]] and finally [[John I, Duke of Bourbon]].
*[[John de Valois, Count of Montpensier]], (1375/1376–1397), first married [[Catherine of Valois (1378–1388)|Catherine of France]], daughter of [[Charles V of France|Charles V, King of France]]; and later married [[Anne de Bourbon]].
*Louis of Berry (1383, died young)
Line 67 ⟶ 76:
[[Image:jeandeberry.jpg|thumb|150px|A portrait of John kneeling in prayer]]
[[File:Fonthill vase by Barthelemy Remy 1713.jpg|thumb|150px|John, Duke of Berry was the owner of the [[Fonthill vase]], made in [[Jingdezhen|Jingdezhen, China]], the earliest piece of [[Chinese porcelain]] documented to reach Europe, in 1338.<ref>[http://www.vam.ac.uk/vastatic/microsites/1196_encounters/exhibition/star_objects/star_objects_2.html Victoria and Albert Museum]</ref>]]
John of Berry was also a notable patron who commissioned
Works created for him include the manuscripts known as the ''Très Riches Heures'', the ''[[Belles Heures of Jean de France, Duc de Berry]]'' and (parts of) the ''[[Turin-Milan Hours]]''. Goldsmith's work includes the [[Holy Thorn Reliquary]] and [[Royal Gold Cup]], both in the [[British Museum]].
The web site of the [[Louvre]] says of him:<ref>[http://www.museedulouvre.fr/llv/dossiers/page_theme.jsp?CONTENT%3C%3Ecnt_id=10134198673226583&CURRENT_LLV_THEME%3C%3Ecnt_id=10134198673226583&CURRENT_LLV_PAGE_THEME%3C%3Ecnt_id=10134198673226586 Dossier thématique : La France en 1400 : Jean de Berry]{{dead link|date=November 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} at museedulouvre.fr (accessed 20 February 2008)</ref> {{cquote|By his exacting taste, by his tireless search for artists, from [[Jacquemart de Hesdin]] to the [[Limbourg brothers]], Jean de Berry made a decisive contribution to the renewal of art which took place in his time and to a number of religious houses, notably [[Notre-Dame de Paris|Notre Dame de Paris]].}}After the death of John's maternal grandfather, [[John the Blind]], during the [[Battle of Crécy|Battle of Crecy]] (1346), the famed court composer and poet [[Guillaume de Machaut]] entered into the service of John of Berry.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Wimsatt |first1=James |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pLNItAEACAAJ |title=Le Jugement Du Roy de Behaigne and Remede de Fortune |last2=Kibler |first2=Williams |publisher=University of Georgia Press |year=2017 |isbn=978-0-8203-5354-8 |pages=3–4 |language=en}}</ref>
==Ancestors==
Line 80 ⟶ 89:
|boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc;
|boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc;
| 1= 1. '''John, Duke of Berry'''
| 2= 2. [[John II of France]]
Line 96 ⟶ 104:
|14= 14. [[Wenceslaus II of Bohemia]]
|15= 15. [[Judith of Habsburg]]
}}
Line 119 ⟶ 111:
==Sources==
* {{cite book|last1=Emmerson|first1=Richard K.|title=Key Figures in Medieval Europe: An Encyclopedia|date=2013|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1136775185|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LSCPAQAAQBAJ&q=John,+Duke+of+Berry+1340}}
*{{cite book |chapter=Notes and Commentary |title=Jean Froissant: An Anthology of Narrative and Lyric Poetry |editor-first1=Kristen M. |editor-last1=Figg |editor-first2=R. Barton |editor-last2=Palmer |publisher=Routledge |year=2001 }}
*{{cite book |first=Marguerite |last=Keane |title=Material Culture and Queenship in 14th-century France: The Testament of Blanche of Navarre (1331-1398) |publisher=Brill |year=2016 }}
Line 131 ⟶ 124:
|-
{{s-vac|reason=Royal domain|last=[[John II of France|John II]]}}
{{s-ttl
| title = [[Count of Poitou]] [[File:Blason ville fr Scorbé-Clairvaux (Vienne).svg|25 px]]
| years = 1357–1416
}}
{{s-vac|rows=2|reason=Merged into royal domain|next=[[John, Dauphin of France, Duke of Touraine|John IV and II]]}}
|-
{{s-new
| rows = 2 }} {{s-ttl
| title = [[Duke of Berry]] [[File:Arms of Charles de Berry.svg|25 px]]
| years = 1360–1416
}}
|-
{{s-ttl
| title = [[Duke of Auvergne]] [[File:Blason de l'Auvergne.svg|25px]]
{{s-aft|rows=2|after=[[Marie, Duchess of Auvergne|Marie]]}}▼
| years = 1360–1416
}}
{{s-aft
| rows = 2
}}
|-
{{s-bef
| before = [[John of Valois, Count of Montpensier|John I]] }} {{s-ttl
| title = [[Count of Montpensier]] [[File:Armoiries Montpensier Moderne.svg|25 px]]
| years = 1401–1416
}}
|-
{{s-bef
| before = [[John II }} {{s-ttl
| title = [[Count of Auvergne]] [[File:Blason de l'Auvergne.svg|25px]] and [[Count of Boulogne|Boulogne]] [[File:Blason comté fr Boulogne.svg|25px]]
{{s-aft|after=[[Joan II, Countess of Auvergne|Joanna II]]|as=sole countess}}▼
| years = 1404–1416
| regent1 = [[Joan II, Countess of Auvergne|Joanna II]]
}}
{{s-aft
| as = sole countess
}}
|-
{{s-vac|reason=Royal domain|last=[[Charles de La Cerda|Charles]]}}
{{s-ttl
| title = [[Count of Angoulême]] [[File:Ecu losangé d'or et de gueules.svg|25 px]]
| years = c. 1372 – 1374
}}
{{s-vac|rows=1|next=[[Louis I, Duke of Orléans|Louis I]]}}
|-
{{s-vac|reason=Royal domain|last=[[Louis I, Duke of Anjou|Louis II]]}}
{{s-ttl
| title = [[Count of Étampes]] [[File:Blason ville fr Étampes (Essonne).svg|25 px]]
| years = 1399–1416
}}
{{s-vac|reason=Merged into royal domain|next=[[Richard, Count of Étampes|Richard]]}}
{{S-end}}
Line 163 ⟶ 190:
[[Category:1340 births]]
[[Category:1416 deaths]]
[[Category:14th-century
[[Category:People from Vincennes]]
[[Category:Military governors of Paris]]
[[Category:Dukes of Berry]]
[[Category:Dukes of Auvergne]]
|