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'''Nevada''' ({{IPAc-en|n|ə|ˈ|v|æ|d|ə|,|_|-|v|ɑː|-|audio=en-us-nevada.ogg}} {{respell|nə|VAD|ə|,_|-|VAH|-}},<ref>{{Cite Merriam-Webster|Nevada|accessdate=2024-03-08}}</ref><ref>{{cite LPD|3}}</ref> {{IPA-es|neˈβaða|lang}}) is a landlocked [[U.S. state|state]] in the [[Western United States|Western]] region of the [[United States]].{{Efn|Also sometimes placed in the [[Mountain States|Mountain West]] and [[Southwestern United States]].}} It borders [[Oregon]] to the northwest, [[Idaho]] to the northeast, [[California]] to the west, [[Arizona]] to the southeast, and [[Utah]] to the east. Nevada is the [[List of U.S. states and territories by area|7th-most extensive]], the [[List of U.S. states and territories by population|32nd-most populous]], and the [[List of U.S. states and territories by population density|9th-least densely populated]] of the U.S. states. Nearly three-quarters of Nevada's people live in [[Clark County, Nevada|Clark County]], which contains the [[Las Vegas–Paradise, NV MSA|Las Vegas–Paradise metropolitan area]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas Population Totals: 2010-2017 |url=https://census.gov/data/tables/2017/demo/popest/total-metro-and-micro-statistical-areas.html |url-status= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180926205910/https://census.gov/data/tables/2017/demo/popest/total-metro-and-micro-statistical-areas.html |archive-date=September 26, 2018 |access-date=March 2, 2019 |website=2017 Population Estimates |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]], Population Division}}</ref> including three of the state's four largest incorporated cities.<ref>{{cite web |title=City and Town Population Totals: 2010-2017 |url=https://census.gov/data/tables/2017/demo/popest/total-cities-and-towns.html |url-status= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328165215/https://census.gov/data/tables/2017/demo/popest/total-cities-and-towns.html |archive-date=March 28, 2019 |access-date=March 2, 2019 |website=United States Census Bureau}}</ref> Nevada's capital is [[Carson City, Nevada|Carson City]]. [[Las Vegas]] is the largest city in the state.
Nevada is officially known as the "Silver State" because of the importance of silver to its history and economy. It is also known as the "Battle Born State" because it achieved statehood during the [[American Civil War|Civil War]] (the words "Battle Born" also appear on [[Flag of Nevada|its state flag]]); due to the [[Presidency of Abraham Lincoln|presidency]] of [[Abraham Lincoln]], the Union benefited immensely from the support of newly awarded statehood by the infusion of the monetary support of nearly $400 million in silver ore generated at the time by the [[Comstock Lode]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://thenevadaindependent.com/article/the-almanac-of-american-politics-on-nevada-and-lombardo|title=The Almanac of American Politics on Nevada and Lombardo|date=July 13, 2023 }}</ref> It is also known as the "[[Sagebrush]] State", for the native plant of the same name; and as the "[[Sage grouse|Sage-hen]] State".<ref>{{Cite Americana|wstitle= Sage-brush State}}</ref> The state's name means "snowy" in Spanish, referring to Nevada's small overlap with the [[Sierra Nevada]] mountain range; however, the rest of Nevada is largely [[desert]] and [[Semi-arid climate|semi-arid]], much of it within the [[Great Basin]]. Areas south of the Great Basin are within the [[Mojave Desert]], while [[Lake Tahoe]] and the Sierra Nevada lie on the western edge. About 86% of the state's land is managed by various jurisdictions of the [[Federal government of the United States|U.S. federal government]], both civilian and military.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nv.blm.gov/landsales/LandFedAcresAgency.pdf |title=Federal Land Acres in Nevada | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060930112237/http://www.nv.blm.gov/landsales/LandFedAcresAgency.pdf | archive-date=September 30, 2006|access-date=May 7, 2009 |publisher=U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management}}</ref>
[[Native Americans in the United States|American Indians]] of the [[Paiute]], [[Shoshone]], and [[Washoe people|Washoe]] tribes inhabit what is now Nevada. The first Europeans to explore the region were Spanish. They called the region ''Nevada'' (snowy) because of the snow which covered the mountains in winter, similar to the [[Sierra Nevada (Spain)|Sierra Nevada in Spain]]. The area formed from mostly [[Alta California]] and part of [[Santa Fe de Nuevo México|Nuevo México]]'s territory within the [[Viceroyalty of New Spain]], which gained independence as Mexico in 1821. The United States annexed the area in 1848 after its victory in the [[Mexican–American War]], and it was incorporated as part of the [[New Mexico Territory|New Mexico]] and [[Utah Territory]] in 1850. The discovery of silver at the [[Comstock Lode]] in 1859 led to a population boom that became an impetus to the creation of [[Nevada Territory]] out of western Utah Territory in 1861. Nevada became the 36th state on October 31, 1864, as the second of two states added to the Union during the Civil War (the first being [[West Virginia]]).<ref>Rocha, Guy [http://nsla.nevadaculture.org//index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=674&Itemid=418 "Myth No.{{spaces}}12{{snd}}Why Did Nevada Become a State?"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131024003357/http://nsla.nevadaculture.org//index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=674&Itemid=418 |date=October 24, 2013 }}, Nevada State Library and Archives, accessed January 9, 2011</ref>
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As such, these pioneers laid the foundation for the emergence of the initial settlements between the [[Sierra Nevada]]s and [[Mojave Desert]] and within the Las Vegas Valley. The enduring influence of [[New Mexico]] and [[Utah]] culture has since profoundly impacted Nevada's identity, manifesting through [[New Mexican cuisine]] and [[Mormon foodways]] or [[New Mexico music|New Mexican]] and [[Mormon folk music]]s, into the fabric of Nevada's own cultural landscape.
As a result of the [[Mexican–American War]] and the [[Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo]], Mexico permanently lost Alta California in 1848. The new areas acquired by the United States continued to be administered as territories. As part of the [[Mexican Cession]] (1848) and the subsequent [[California Gold Rush]] that used [[Emigrant Trail]]s through the area, the [[Territorial evolution of Nevada|state's area evolved]] first as part of the [[Utah Territory]] and [[New Mexico Territory]], then the [[Nevada Territory]] (March 2, 1861; named for the [[Sierra Nevada (U.S.)|Sierra Nevada]]).<ref>{{cite web |title=Online Etymology Dictionary |url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=Nevada&searchmode=none |access-date=May 20, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606102953/http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=Nevada&searchmode=none |archive-date=June 6, 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref>
[[File:Early 19th Century locomotive in Ely, Nevada.JPG|thumb|Sculpture representing a steam locomotive, in Ely, Nevada. Early locomotives played an important part in Nevada's mining industry.|left]]
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==== 2020s ====
The [[COVID-19 pandemic]] was confirmed in Nevada on March 5, 2020. Because of concerns about [[coronavirus disease 2019]] (COVID-19), Nevada governor [[Steve Sisolak]] declared a [[state of emergency]] on March 12, 2020. Four days later, Nevada reported its first death. On March 17, 2020, Sisolak ordered the closure of non-essential businesses in the state to help prevent the spread of the coronavirus.
Various protests were held against Sisolak's shutdown order beginning in April 2020
==Geography==
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===State parks===
{{Further|List of Nevada state parks}}
The Nevada state parks comprise [[protected area]]s managed by the state of Nevada, including [[state park]]s, state [[historic site]]s, and state [[recreation area]]s. There are 24 state park units, including [[Van Sickle Bi-State Park]] which opened in July 2011 and is operated in partnership with the state of [[California]].<ref>{{cite web |
==Demographics==
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|}
According to the
[[File:Nevada counties by race.svg|thumb|297x297px|Map of counties in Nevada by racial plurality, per the 2020 census{{Collapsible list
| title = Legend|{{col-begin}}{{col-2}}
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{{col-end}}
}}]]
In 1980, non-Hispanic whites made up 83.
{| class="wikitable sortable collapsible nowrap" style="font-size: 90%;"
|+ '''Nevada historical racial composition'''
|-
! Racial composition !! 1970<ref name="census">{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0056/twps0056.html |title=Historical Census Statistics on Population Totals By Race, 1790 to 1990, and By Hispanic Origin, 1970 to 1990, For The United States, Regions, Divisions, and States |publisher=Census.gov |access-date=July 27, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080725044857/http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0056/twps0056.html |archive-date=July 25, 2008 }}<br />"[http://mapmaker.rutgers.edu/REFERENCE/Hist_Pop_stats.pdf Table 43. Nevada Race and Hispanic Origin: 1860 to 1990] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150514005030/http://mapmaker.rutgers.edu/REFERENCE/Hist_Pop_stats.pdf |date=May 14, 2015 }}". (PDF)</ref>
!1980!! 1990<ref name="census"/> !! 2000<ref>"[https://www.census.gov/prod/2002pubs/c2kprof00-nv.pdf Profile of General Demographic Characteristics: 2000] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170724070045/https://www.census.gov/prod/2002pubs/c2kprof00-nv.pdf |date=July 24, 2017 }}" (PDF). [[United States Census Bureau]]</ref>!! 2010<ref>{{cite web |-
| [[White American|White]] || 91.7%
|87.5%|| 84.3% || 75.2% || 66.2% || 51.2% |-
| [[African American|Black]] || 5.7%
|6.4%|| 6.6% || 6.8% || 8.1% || 9.8% |-
| [[Asian American|Asian]] || 0.7%
|1.8%|| 3.2% || 4.5% || 7.2% || 8.8% |-
| [[Native Americans in the United States|Native]] || 1.6%
|1.7%|| 1.6% || 1.3% || 1.2% || 1.4% |-
| [[Native Hawaiian]] and<br />[[Pacific Islander|other Pacific Islander]] || –
|–|| – || 0.4% || 0.6% || 0.8% |-
| [[Race and ethnicity in the United States Census|Other race]] || 0.3%
|2.7%|| 4.4% || 8.0% || 12.0% || 14.0% |-
| [[Multiracial American|Two or more races]] || –
|–|| – || 3.8% || 4.7% || 14.0% |-
| ''[[Hispanic or Latino American|Hispanic or Latino]]'' (of any race) ||
|6.7%|| |-
|[[Non-Hispanic whites|''Non-Hispanic white'']]
|86.7%
|83.2%
|78.7%
|65.2%
|54.1%
|45.9%
|}
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In [[Douglas County, Nevada|Douglas]], [[Mineral County, Nevada|Mineral]], and [[Pershing County, Nevada|Pershing]] counties, a plurality of residents are of Mexican ancestry. In [[Nye County, Nevada|Nye County]] and [[Humboldt County, Nevada|Humboldt County]], residents are mostly of German ancestry; [[Washoe County, Nevada|Washoe County]] has many Irish Americans. Americans of English descent form pluralities in [[Lincoln County, Nevada|Lincoln County]], [[Churchill County, Nevada|Churchill County]], [[Lyon County, Nevada|Lyon County]], [[White Pine County, Nevada|White Pine County]], and [[Eureka County, Nevada|Eureka County]].
Asian Americans lived in the state since the California Gold Rush of the 1850s brought thousands of Chinese miners to Washoe county. They were followed by a few hundred [[Japanese American|Japanese]] farmworkers in the late 19th century. By the late 20th century, many immigrants from China, Japan, Korea, the [[Philippines]], [[Bangladesh]], India, and [[Vietnam]] came to the Las Vegas metropolitan area. The city now has one of America's most prolific Asian American communities, with a mostly Chinese and [[Taiwanese American|Taiwanese]] area known as "[[Chinatown, Las Vegas|Chinatown]]" west of I-15 on Spring Mountain Road. [[Filipino Americans]] form the largest Asian American group in the state, with a population of more than
Mining booms drew many Greek and Eastern European immigrants to Nevada.<ref>{{Cite book|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=snJuRDQTnesC&q=nevada+ethnic+groups+mexican&pg=PA63|title = Nevada|isbn = 9780761447283|last1 = Stefoff|first1 = Rebecca|year = 2010| publisher=Marshall Cavendish |access-date = October 19, 2020|archive-date = February 20, 2021|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210220154024/https://books.google.com/books?id=snJuRDQTnesC&q=nevada+ethnic+groups+mexican&pg=PA63|url-status = live}}</ref> In the early twentieth century, [[Greeks]], [[Slavs]], [[Danes]], [[Japanese people|Japanese]], [[Italians]], and [[Basque Americans in Nevada|Basques]] poured into Nevada.<ref>{{cite journal |url=http://epubs.nsla.nv.gov/statepubs/epubs/210777-1970-3Fall.pdf |title=The Immigrant in Nevada's Short Stories and Biographical Essays |last=Shepperson |first=Wilbur |journal=Nevada Historical Society Quarterly |volume=13 |number=3 |date=1970 |page=3 |access-date=July 26, 2021 |archive-date=July 26, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210726052406/http://epubs.nsla.nv.gov/statepubs/epubs/210777-1970-3Fall.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Chilean Americans|Chileans]] were found in the state as early as 1870.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cdclv.unlv.edu/healthnv/immigration.html|title=Immigration and Ethnic Diversity in Nevada* Introduction}}</ref> During the mid-1800s, a significant number of European immigrants, mainly from [[Ireland]], [[England]] and [[Germany]], arrived in the state with the intention of capitalizing on the thriving mining sector in the region.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bestimmigrationlawyer.com/immigration-blog/amp/historical-overview-of-immigration-in-nevada/|title=A HISTORICAL OVERVIEW OF IMMIGRATION IN NEVADA}}</ref>
Native American tribes in Nevada are the [[Northern Paiute|Northern]] and [[Southern Paiute]], [[Western Shoshone]], [[Goshute]], [[Hualapai]], [[Washoe people|Washoe]], and [[Ute people|Ute]] tribes.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://m.warpaths2peacepipes.com/history-of-native-americans/history-of-nevada-indians.htm|title=History of Nevada Indians **|access-date=February 17, 2020|archive-date=February 17, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200217023948/https://m.warpaths2peacepipes.com/history-of-native-americans/history-of-nevada-indians.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
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{{Pie chart
| thumb = right
| caption = Religious self-identification, per [[Public Religion Research Institute]]'s 2022 ''American Values Survey''<ref>{{Cite web
| label1 = [[Irreligion in the United States|Unaffiliated]]
| value1 = 40
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===Mining===
{{Main|Gold mining in Nevada|Silver mining in Nevada}}
In portions of the state outside of the Las Vegas and Reno metropolitan areas mining plays a major economic role. By value, gold is by far the most important mineral mined. In 2022, {{convert|4040000|ozt|MT}} of gold worth $7.3{{spaces}}billion were mined in Nevada, and the state accounted for 4% of world gold production. Other minerals mined in Nevada include construction aggregates, copper, gypsum, diatomite and lithium.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Harding |first1=Adella |title=Gold Production in Nevada slips in 2022 |url=https://elkodaily.com/news/local/business/mining/gold-production-in-nevada-slips-in-2022/article_f355ac2c-3d3d-11ee-a6ed-3b77f41a100e.html |access-date=26 November 2023 |work=Elko Daily Free Press |date=17 August 2023}}</ref><ref name="usgs 2023">{{cite book |
===Cattle ranching===
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=== Affordable housing ===
The definition of an affordable home is "one that a household can obtain for [[Affordable housing|30 percent or less of its annual income]]". So, there is clearly a long way to go in order to close the gap between housing prices and relative income in the state. Renters are looking for solutions to still be able to live in the state in a way that their income can support. As a result, single adults are being forced to split rent with other renters or move residences to farther outside metro areas. One solution being offered is to increase the supply of higher income positions within the state to make things more affordable. However, this would require Nevadans to retrain in new jobs or careers.
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Under the [[Constitution of the State of Nevada]], the powers of the [[Nevada government]] are divided among three [[separation of powers|separate departments]]: the [[executive branch|executive]] consisting of the [[governor of Nevada]] and their cabinet along with the other elected constitutional officers; the [[List of U.S. state legislatures|legislative]] consisting of the [[Nevada Legislature]], which includes the [[Nevada Assembly|Assembly]] and the [[Nevada Senate|Senate]]; and the [[judicial branch|judicial]] consisting of the [[Supreme Court of Nevada]] and lower courts.
The governor is the [[chief magistrate]] of Nevada,<ref name="nvc-5-1">NV Const. art. V, § 1.</ref> the head of the executive department of the state's government,<ref name="nvc-5-1" /> and the commander-in-chief of the [[U.S. state|state]]'s [[Nevada National Guard|military forces]].<ref>NV Const. art. V, § 5.</ref> The current governor is [[Joe Lombardo]], a Republican. The executive branch also consists of an independently elected [[Lieutenant Governor of Nevada|lieutenant governor]], [[Secretary of State of Nevada|secretary of state]], [[Nevada State Treasurer|state treasurer]], [[Nevada State Controller|state controller]], and [[Nevada Attorney General|attorney general]] who function as a check and balance on the power of the governor.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.leg.state.nv.us/Division/Research/LegInfo/Orientation/2010-11/Handouts/Jan19-24/1-19/02StructureOfGovt_ExecBranch.pdf|title=The Structure of Government: Executive Branch|publisher=Nevada Legislative Counsel Bureau|
The Nevada Legislature is a [[bicameral]] body divided into an Assembly and Senate. Members of the Assembly serve two years, and members of the Senate serve four years. Both houses of the Nevada Legislature enacted term limits starting in 2010, with senators and assemblymen/women who are limited to a maximum of twelve years in each body (by appointment or election which is a lifetime limit){{snd}}a provision of the constitution which was upheld by the Supreme Court of Nevada in a unanimous decision. Each session of the legislature meets for a constitutionally mandated 120 days in every odd-numbered year, or longer if the governor calls a special session.
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{{See also|Alcohol laws of Nevada|Cannabis in Nevada}}
Nevada has very liberal [[
In 2016, Nevada voters approved [[Nevada Question 2 (2016)|Question{{spaces}}2]], which legalized the possession, transportation and cultivation of personal use amounts of [[marijuana]] for adults age 21 years and older, and authorized the creation of a regulated market for the sale of marijuana to adults age 21 years and older through state-licensed retail outlets.<ref>{{cite web |title=Initiative to Regulate and Tax Marijuana |publisher=Nevada Secretary of State |date=April 23, 2014 |url=http://nvsos.gov/Modules/ShowDocument.aspx?documentid=3294 |access-date=May 23, 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160817223403/http://nvsos.gov/Modules/ShowDocument.aspx?documentid=3294 |archive-date=August 17, 2016 }}</ref> Nevada voters had previously approved [[medical marijuana]] in 2000, but rejected marijuana legalization in a similar referendum in 2006. Marijuana in all forms remains illegal under federal law.
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{| class="wikitable floatleft"
|+ '''Party registration as of
|-
! colspan="2" | Party
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| {{party color cell|Democratic Party (United States)}}
| [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
| style="text-align:center;" | 30.
|-
| {{party color cell|Republican Party (United States)}}
| [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
| style="text-align:center;" | 28.
|-
| {{party color cell|Constitution Party (United States)}}
| [[Independent American Party of Nevada|Independent American]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
| style="text-align:center;" | 4.
|-
| {{party color cell|Libertarian Party (United States)}}
| [[Libertarian Party (United States)|Libertarian]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 20,
| style="text-align:center;" | 0.
|-
| {{party color cell|Other parties (US)}}
| [[List of political parties in the United States|Other parties]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
| style="text-align:center;" | 2.
|-
| {{party color cell|Independent Party (United States)}}
| [[Independent voter|Nonpartisan]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
| style="text-align:center;" |
|-
! colspan="2" | Total
! style="text-align:center;" | 2,
! style="text-align:center;" | 100.00%
|}
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{{See also|United States presidential elections in Nevada}}
Nevada has
{{PresHead|place=Nevada|source=<ref>{{cite web|url=https://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/compare.php?year=2008&fips=32&f=1&off=0&elect=0&type=state|title=Presidential General Election Results Comparison – Nevada|publisher=US Election Atlas|access-date=January 1, 2023|
<!-- PresRow should be {{PresRow|Year|Winning party|GOP vote #|Dem vote #|3rd party vote #|State}} -->
{{PresRow|2020|Democratic|669,890|703,486|32,000|Nevada}}
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{{PresRow|1872|Republican|8,413|6,236|0|Nevada}}
{{PresRow|1868|Republican|6,480|5,218|0|Nevada}}
{{PresFoot|1864|Republican|9,826|6,594|0|Nevada}}The state's U.S. Senators are Democrats [[Catherine Cortez Masto]] and [[Jacky Rosen]]. The Governorship is held by [[Joe Lombardo]], a Republican.
===Elections===
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Nevada is the only U.S. state to have a [[none of the above]] option available on its ballots. Officially called [[None of These Candidates]], the option was first added to the ballot in 1975 and is used in all statewide elections, including president, US Senate and all state constitutional positions. In the event "None of These Candidates" receives a [[Plurality (voting)|plurality]] of votes in the election, the candidate with the next-highest total is elected.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/not-fan-candidate-nevada-can-vote-none-candidates|title=Not a fan of any candidate? In Nevada, you can vote for 'None of These Candidates'|website=PBS NewsHour |access-date=September 12, 2018|date=October 18, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180912204726/https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/not-fan-candidate-nevada-can-vote-none-candidates|archive-date=September 12, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>
In a 2020 study, Nevada was ranked as the 23rd on the "Cost of Voting Index
==Culture==
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* {{osmrelation-inline|165473}}
* [http://www.onlinenevada.org/ Online Nevada Encyclopedia, Nevada Humanities]
* [https://nchinc.com/ Nevada Corporation Headquarters]
{{s-start}}
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