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| founder = [[Vargas Era]] [[federal government of Brazil]]
| owner = {{plainlist|
* ''As of
* [[Maaden (company)|Ma’aden]] (10.00%)<ref>{{URL| https://www.reuters.com/markets/deals/saudi-arabias-maaden-acquire-10-brazil-base-metals-firm-statement-2023-07-30/}}</ref>
* Previ ([[
* [[BlackRock]] (6.
* [[Mitsui & Co.]] (6.31%)}}
| subsid = [[Vale Canada]]<br />[[Vale Fertilizantes]]<br />[[Caemi]] (98,3%)<br />[[Samarco]] (50%)<br />VLI Multimodal S.A. (37,6%)<br />[[MRS Logística]] (10,9%)<br />Companhia Siderúrgica do Pecém (50%)
| homepage = [https://vale.com vale.com]
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'''Vale''' ({{IPA-pt|ˈvali}}), formerly ''Companhia Vale do Rio Doce'' ([[Doce River]] Valley Company),<ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/business-47056849 Vale: The pride of Brazil becomes its most hated company] ''[[BBC News]]'' January 30, 2019. Retrieved February 10, 2019.</ref> is a Brazilian [[multinational corporation]] engaged in metals and mining and one of the largest logistics operators in Brazil.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vale |url=https://eiti.org/supporters/vale |access-date=2023-03-28 |website=EITI |language=en}}</ref> Vale is the largest producer of [[iron ore]] and [[nickel]] in the world. It also produces manganese, [[ferroalloy]]s, copper, [[bauxite]], [[potash]], [[kaolin]], and [[cobalt]], currently operating nine [[hydroelectricity]] plants, and a large network of railroads, ships, and ports used to transport its products.<ref name="20Fbusiness" />
The company has had two catastrophic [[tailings dam failure]]s in Brazil: [[Mariana dam disaster|Mariana]], in 2015, and [[Brumadinho dam disaster|Brumadinho]], in 2019; the Brumadinho dam disaster caused the company to lose its license to operate eight tailings dams in [[Minas Gerais]],<ref name="CIM">[https://magazine.cim.org/en/news/2019/vale-ordered-to-halt-operations-at-brucutu/ "Vale ordered to halt operations at Brucutu", by Kelsey Rolfe, ''CIM magazine'', Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum, February 04, 2019. Retrieved February 10, 2019.]</ref><ref>[https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-02-05/vale-declares-force-majeure-for-iron-ore-after-mine-suspension "Vale Loses License at Dam That Caused Iron Ore Force Majeure", by R.T. Watson], ''[[Bloomberg News]]'', February 5, 2019. Retrieved February 10, 2019.</ref> and its stock to lose nearly 25 percent in value.<ref name="WSJ">[https://www.wsj.com/articles/vale-denied-having-upstream-dams-ahead-of-deadly-accident-11549807200 "Vale Denied Having ‘Upstream’ Dams Ahead of Deadly Accident"], ''[[Wall Street Journal]]'' February 10, 2019. Retrieved February 10, 2019.
==Current operations==
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On February 5, 2019, the state court of the Province of [[Minas Gerais]] ordered Vale to halt use of eight of its tailings dams, including the Laranjeiras dam at Brucutu.<ref name="CIM" />
* [[Port of Tubarão]] — Vale owns and operates this port located in [[Vitória, Brazil]] in the state of
* [[Ponta da Madeira]] — Located in the state of [[Maranhão]], it ships around 70 million metric tons mostly of iron ore, but also of [[manganese]] and [[copper]] for the company; it is being upgraded for the [[S11D]] project
* Port of Sepetiba — Vale operates two maritime terminals in the Port of Sepetiba area located in the state of [[Rio de Janeiro]], together they ship around 60 million metric tons of iron ore.
* [[Feijão mine]] — site of the [[Brumadinho dam disaster]] on 25 January 2019.
Vale also operates port terminals in the state of [[Sergipe]] and two others in the state of [[
=====Malaysia=====
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The 1950s, marked Companhia Vale do Rio Doce's entry into the global iron ore market, after the company's mine-railroad-port complex was modernized and iron ore prices doubled. At first, sales were mostly to the United States, but exports to Europe increased over the course of the decade.<ref name="history3">{{Cite web|url=http://www.vale.com/EN/aboutvale/book-our-history/Documents/livro/valehistorybook3.pdf|title=Vale History Book: Chapter 3}}</ref>
In 1966, the company inaugurated in [[
The company acquired a majority interest in the [[Carajás Mine]], with over 1.5 billion tonnes of iron ore in reserves, in 1970.<ref name="history5">{{Cite web|url=http://www.vale.com/Documents/valehistorybook5.pdf|title=Vale History Book 5}}</ref>
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In 1982, Vale began to diversify after it started to produce [[aluminium]] in [[Rio de Janeiro]].<ref name=history5/>
In the early-to-mid-1980s, profits increased considerably under the leadership of [[Eliezer Batista]], father of [[Eike Batista]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Alan Riding |date=19 May 1985 |title=Mining for Profits in the Jungles of Brazil |work=[[New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1985/05/19/business/mining-for-profits-in-the-jungles-of-brazil.html}}</ref>
In 1985, Vale started to explore the [[Carajás Mine]] in the state of [[Pará]] just after the {{RailGauge|1600mm}} gauge Carajás railroad was opened.
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===Sale of wood pulp businesses===
In 2001, Vale sold its Cenibra wood pulp business{{to whom?|date=March 2023}} for US$670.5 million to focus on mining and logistics.<ref>{{Cite press release |title=CVRD Concludes the Sale of CENIBRA |date=14 September 2001 |publisher=[[PRNewswire]] |url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/cvrd-concludes-the-sale-of-cenibra-72035497.html}}</ref>
In 2002, Vale sold 100,000 acres of land and the eucalyptus forests thereon related to its wood pulp business for R$137 million.<ref>{{Cite press release |title=CVRD Sells its Last Pulp and Paper Assets |date=10 June 2002 |publisher=[[PRNewswire]] |url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/cvrd-sells-its-last-pulp-and-paper-assets-77846707.html}}</ref>
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In 2014, Vale announced the sale of coal assets in [[Mozambique]] to [[Mitsui]] in a $950 million transaction.<ref>{{Cite news |date=9 December 2014 |title=Vale of Brazil Sells Coal Stake to Mitsui & Co. for About $950 Million |work=[[New York Times]] |url=https://dealbook.nytimes.com/2014/12/09/vale-of-brazil-sells-coal-stake-to-mitsui-for-about-950-million/}}</ref>
In 2015, Vale's Integra coal mine located in Australia's Hunter Valley in New South Wales was sold to Glencore and Bloomfield in a complex multi-party deal.
===Acquisitions of Brazilian iron ore companies===
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In June 2011, Jason Chenier and Jordan Fram were killed at the 3,000 foot level of the [[Frood Mine]] near [[Sudbury, Ontario]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=19 September 2013 |title=Vale mine death plea disappoints union |publisher=[[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation|CBC]] |url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/sudbury/vale-mine-death-plea-disappoints-union-1.1859614}}</ref>
In 2011, the company sold its aluminum business to Norsk Hydro in a US$5.27 billion transaction.<ref>{{Cite press release |title=Hydro-Vale aluminium transaction to be completed today |date=28 February 2011 |publisher=[[Norsk Hydro]] |url=http://www.hydro.com/en/Press-room/News/Archive/Stock-exchange-announcements/2011/Hydro-Vale-aluminium-transaction-to-be-completed-today/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130204111126/http://www.hydro.com/en/Press-room/News/Archive/Stock-exchange-announcements/2011/Hydro-Vale-aluminium-transaction-to-be-completed-today/ |archive-date=4 February 2013 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Norsk Hydro thus became a truly integrated aluminium company. This gave Hydro the world's largest [[alumina]] refinery and aimed to "secure raw materials for more than a hundred years of aluminum production". Hydro gained a large [[bauxite]] supply, including control of the [[Paragominas mine]], one of the largest bauxite mines in the world. It also gained large [[alumina]] refining and aluminum production capacity, including a 51 percent stake in the [[Albras]] aluminum plant and 91 percent ownership of Alunorte, then the world's largest alumina refinery and now the largest outside China.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Solsvik |first=Terje |last2=Moskwa |first2=Wojciech |date=2010-05-02 |title=Hydro secures bauxite supply in $4.9 bln Vale deal |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-vale-norskhydro-idUSTRE6411MD20100502 |access-date=2023-09-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Glencore announces the acquisition of equity stakes in Mineracão Rio do Norte S.A. and Alunorte S.A. from Norsk Hydro ASA |url=https://www.glencore.com/media-and-insights/news/glencore-announces-the-acquisition-of-equity-stakes-in-mineracao-rio-do-norte-s-a-and-alunorte-s-a-from-norsk-hydro-asa |access-date=2023-09-19 |website=www.glencore.com |language=en}}</ref>
In July 2012, Vale sold its ferro-manganese plants in [[Europe]] to [[Glencore]] for $160 million.<ref>{{Citation |title=Vale sells ferromanganese units to Glencore for $160 mln |date=11 July 2012 |url=http://in.reuters.com/article/vale-ferromanganese-idINL2E8IACZ520120710 |publisher=[[Reuters]]}}</ref>
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On 26 November 2015, Vale announced that it planned to reduce its [[budget]] for [[capital expenditure]]s from US$8 billion in 2015 to US$6.2 billion in 2016, with further reductions to US$4–5 billion by 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.vale.com/en/aboutvale/news/pages/vale-day-2015-londres.aspx|title=Vale presents strategic planning for 2016 in London}}</ref>
In May 2023 it was announced by [[Eduardo Bartolomeo]] that [[Mark Cutifani]] would be appointed as Chair of the new [[Vale Base Metals]] (VBM) subsidiary in a spin-off event.<ref name="ft1">{{cite news |url=https://www.ft.com/content/a9a0bc98-98b1-4674-a137-c37d89104c44 |title=New Vale base metals boss Cutifani to focus on margins, marketing and potential IPO }}</ref> Vale was looking to divest from its tar baby,<ref name="bnnb1">{{cite news |url=https://www.bnnbloomberg.ca/vale-to-separate-base-metals-business-and-sell-stake-by-mid-2023-1.1855996 |title=Vale to break out base metals business, sell stake in 2023 - BNN Bloomberg |date=7 December 2022 }}</ref> as early as December 2022.<ref name="mt1">{{cite news |url=https://www.mining-technology.com/news/vale-listing-metals-unit-stake/?cf-view |title=Vale mulls listing base metals unit following minority stake sale |date=16 March 2023 }}</ref> As the time VBM was a supplier to [[Tesla, Inc.|Tesla]] and [[General Motors]].<ref name=mt1/> Reports were afoot that GM, [[Mitsui]], and the [[Saudi Public Investment Fund]] were interested buyers of a 10% stake.<ref name=mt1/> Former Tesla executive [[Jerome Guillen]] would join the "energy transition board" of VBM along with Cutifani.<ref name=mcom1/>
Vale spun out its metals business as a separate ringfenced entity headquartered in Toronto, with an independent board chaired by Cutifani. That process completed in July 2023. The unit was then one of the world’s largest producers of nickel, copper, and cobalt, and has operations across the globe. The parent company's chief executive stated that Cutifani could help the division explore a future “liquidity event”.<ref name="mcom1">{{cite news |url=https://www.mining.com/web/vale-taps-ex-anglo-ceo-cutifani-to-chair-battery-metals-board/ |title=Vale taps ex-Anglo CEO Cutifani to chair battery metals board }}</ref><ref name="nob1">{{cite news |url=https://www.northernontariobusiness.com/industry-news/mining/former-sudbury-mining-leader-is-back-on-board-with-vale-7247596 |title=Former Sudbury mining leader is back on board with Vale |date=7 July 2023 }}</ref> In early 2023, the parent company earned 80% of its profits in its South American iron mines, and the balance from its Base Metals group.<ref name=ft1/>
==Disasters and incidents==
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[[Category:Companies listed on B3 (stock exchange)]]
[[Category:Companies in the Índice Bovespa]]
[[Category:Companies in the S&P Latin America 40]]
[[Category:Mining companies of Brazil]]
[[Category:Multinational companies headquartered in Brazil]]
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