List of federally recognized tribes in the contiguous United States: Difference between revisions
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{{Use American English|date = February 2019}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2019}}
[[File:Federally_recognized_tribes_by_state.png|thumb|Map of states with US federally recognized tribes marked in yellow. States with no federally recognized tribes marked in gray.]]
This is a '''list of federally recognized tribes''' in the [[contiguous United States]]. There are also [[List of Alaska Native tribal entities|federally recognized Alaska Native tribes]]. {{As of|2023|03|24|df=US}}, 574 [[tribe (Native American)|Indian tribes]] were legally recognized by the [[Bureau of Indian Affairs]] (BIA) of the United States.<ref name="loc.gov">{{cite journal |last1=Indian Affairs Bureau |date=12 January 2023 |title=Indian Entities Recognized by and Eligible To Receive Services From the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs |url=https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2023/01/12/2023-00504/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of |journal=Federal Register |volume=88 |pages=2112–16 |access-date=24 March 2023}}</ref><ref name="bia.gov">[http://www.bia.gov/cs/groups/public/documents/text/idc1-030831.pdf Federal Acknowledgment of the Pamunkey Indian Tribe] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150714185005/http://www.bia.gov/cs/groups/public/documents/text/idc1-030831.pdf |date=2015-07-14 }}</ref> Of these, 228 are located in Alaska.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Alaska Region {{!}} Indian Affairs |url=https://www.bia.gov/regional-office/alaska-region |access-date=2023-03-25 |website=www.bia.gov}}</ref>▼
[[File:Indian reservations in the Continental United States.png|thumb|upright=1.4|Map of federally recognized Indian reservations in the contiguous United States (as of 2019)]]
▲This is a '''list of federally recognized tribes''' in the [[contiguous United States]]. There are also [[List of Alaska Native tribal entities|federally recognized Alaska Native tribes]]. {{As of|
==Description==
{{See|Tribal sovereignty in the United States}}
[[File:Wisconsin tribal flags at state capitol.jpg|thumb|right|Flags of Wisconsin tribes in the Wisconsin state capitol]]
'''Federally recognized tribes''' are those [[Tribe (Native American)|Native American tribes]] recognized by the [[United States]] [[Bureau of Indian Affairs]] as holding a government-to-government relationship with the US federal [[Government of the United States|government]].<ref name="faq">{{cite web |title=Why Tribes Exist Today in the United States |url=https://www.bia.gov/frequently-asked-questions |website=Frequently Asked Questions |publisher=Bureau of Indian Affairs, US Department of the Interior |access-date=17 May 2023}}</ref> For Alaska Native tribes, see [[list of Alaska Native tribal entities]].
In the United States, an Indian tribe is a fundamental unit, and the constitution grants [[United States Congress|Congress]] the right to interact with tribes. More specifically, the [[Supreme Court of the United States]] in ''[[United States v. Sandoval]]'', 231 U.S. 28 (1913), warned, "it is not... that Congress may bring a community or body of people within range of this power by arbitrarily calling them an Indian tribe, but only that in respect of distinctly Indian communities the questions whether, to what extent, and for what time they shall be recognized and dealt with as dependent tribes" (at 46).<ref>Sheffield (1998) p. 56</ref> Federal [[Native American recognition in the United States|tribal recognition]] grants to tribes the right to certain benefits, and is largely <!-- controlled bu US Federal law and --> administered by the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA).▼
▲In the [[United States]],
While trying to determine which groups were eligible for federal recognition in the 1970s, government officials became aware of the need for consistent procedures. To illustrate, several federally unrecognized tribes encountered obstacles in bringing [[land claim]]s; ''[[United States v. Washington]]'' (1974) was a court case that affirmed the fishing [[treaty rights]] of [[Washington (state)|Washington]] tribes; and other tribes demanded that the U.S. government recognize [[aboriginal title]]s. All the above culminated in the [[Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act of 1975]], which legitimized tribal entities by partially restoring [[Native American self-determination]].▼
▲While trying to determine which groups were eligible for federal recognition in the 1970s, government officials became aware of the need for consistent procedures. To illustrate, several federally unrecognized tribes encountered obstacles in bringing [[land claim]]s; ''[[United States v. Washington]]'' (1974) was a court case that affirmed the fishing [[treaty rights]] of [[Washington (state)|Washington]] tribes; and other tribes demanded that the U.S. government recognize [[aboriginal title]]s. All the above culminated in the [[Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act of 1975]], which legitimized tribal entities by partially restoring [[Native American self-determination]].{{Citation needed|date=February 2024}}
== Federal acknowledgment ==
Line 67 ⟶ 71:
* [[Cahto Tribe of the Laytonville Rancheria]]<br>(''previously listed as [[Cahto Indian Tribe of the Laytonville Rancheria, California]]'')
* [[Cahuilla Band of Indians]]<br>(''previously listed as [[Cahuilla Band of Mission Indians of the Cahuilla Reservation, California]]'')
* [[California Valley Miwok Tribe, California]]<br>(''previously listed as
* [[Campo Band of Diegueno Mission Indians of the Campo Indian Reservation, California]]
* [[Capitan Grande Band of Diegueno Mission Indians of California]]:
** [[Barona Group of Capitan Grande Band of Mission Indians of the Barona Reservation, California]]
** [[Viejas (Baron Long) Group of Capitan Grande Band of Mission Indians of the Viejas Reservation, California]]
* [[Catawba Indian Nation]]<br>(
* [[Cayuga Nation]]<br/>(''
* [[Cedarville Rancheria, California]]
* [[Chemehuevi Indian Tribe of the Chemehuevi Reservation, California]]
* [[Cher-Ae Heights Indian Community of the Trinidad Rancheria, California]]
* [[Cherokee Nation
* [[Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribes, Oklahoma]]<br>(''previously listed as [[Cheyenne-Arapaho Tribes of Oklahoma]]'')
* [[Cheyenne River Sioux Tribe of the Cheyenne River Reservation, South Dakota]]
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* [[Colorado River Indian Tribes of the Colorado River Indian Reservation, Arizona and California]]
* [[Comanche Nation, Oklahoma]]<br>(''previously listed as [[Comanche Indian Tribe]]'')
* [[Confederated Salish & Kootenai Tribes of the Flathead Reservation
* [[Confederated Tribes and Bands of the Yakama Nation
* [[Confederated Tribes of Siletz Indians of Oregon]]<br>(''previously listed as [[Confederated Tribes of the Siletz Reservation]]'')
* [[Confederated Tribes of the Chehalis Reservation
* [[Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation
* [[Confederated Tribes of the Coos, Lower Umpqua
* [[Confederated Tribes of the Goshute Reservation, Nevada and Utah]]
* [[Confederated Tribes of the Grand Ronde Community of Oregon]]
Line 105 ⟶ 109:
* [[Coushatta Tribe of Louisiana]]
* [[Cow Creek Band of Umpqua Tribe of Indians]]<br>(''previously listed as [[Cow Creek Band of Umpqua Indians of Oregon]]'')
* [[Cowlitz Indian Tribe
* [[Coyote Valley Band of Pomo Indians of California]]<br/>(''previously listed as [[Coyote Valley Band of Pomo Indians of California]]'')
* [[Crow Creek Sioux Tribe of the Crow Creek Reservation, South Dakota]]
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{{compact ToC|side=yes|top=yes}}
* [[Delaware Nation, Oklahoma]]<br/>(''previously listed as [[Absentee Delaware Tribe of Western Oklahoma]]; [[Delaware Tribe of Western Oklahoma]]'')
* [[Delaware Tribe of Indians
* [[Dry Creek Rancheria Band of Pomo Indians, California]]<br>(''previously listed as [[Dry Creek Rancheria of Pomo Indians of California]]'')
* [[Duckwater Shoshone Tribe of the Duckwater Reservation, Nevada]]
Line 159 ⟶ 163:
* [[Hopi Tribe of Arizona]]
* [[Hopland Band of Pomo Indians, California]]<br>(''previously listed as [[Hopland Band of Pomo Indians of the Hopland Rancheria, California]]'')
* [[Houlton Band of Maliseet Indians]]<br>(''previously listed as [[Houlton Band of Maliseet Indians of Maine]]'')
* [[Hualapai Indian Tribe of the Hualapai Indian Reservation, Arizona]]
Line 173 ⟶ 177:
{{compact ToC|side=yes|top=yes}}
* [[Jackson Band of Miwuk Indians]]<br/>(''previously listed as [[Jackson Rancheria of Me-Wuk Indians of California]]'')
* [[Jamestown S'Klallam Tribe]]<br/>(''previously listed as [[Jamestown S'Klallam Tribe of Washington]]'')
* [[Jamul Indian Village of California]]
* [[Jena Band of Choctaw Indians
* [[Jicarilla Apache Nation, New Mexico]]<br>(''
===K===
{{compact ToC|side=yes|top=yes}}
* [[Kaibab Band of Paiute Indians of the Kaibab Indian Reservation, Arizona]]
* [[Kalispel Indian Community of the Kalispel Reservation
* [[Karuk Tribe]]<br>(''previously listed as [[Karuk Tribe of California]]'')
* [[Kashia Band of Pomo Indians of the Stewarts Point Rancheria, California]]
* [[Kaw Nation, Oklahoma]]
* [[Kewa Pueblo, New Mexico]]<br>(''previously listed as [[Pueblo of Santo Domingo]]'')▼
* [[Keweenaw Bay Indian Community, Michigan]]
* [[Kialegee Tribal Town
* [[Kickapoo Traditional Tribe of Texas]]<br>(''previously listed as [[Texas Band of Traditional Kickapoo]]'')
* [[Kickapoo Tribe of Indians of the Kickapoo Reservation in Kansas]]
* [[Kickapoo Tribe of Oklahoma]]
* [[Kiowa Indian Tribe of Oklahoma]]
* [[Klamath Tribes
* [[Kletsel Dehe Wintun Nation of the Cortina Rancheria]]<br/>(''previously listed as [[Kletsel Dehe Band of Wintun Indians]]'')
* [[Koi Nation of Northern California]] (''previously listed as [[Lower Lake Rancheria, California]]'')
Line 214 ⟶ 217:
* [[Lower Elwha Tribal Community]]<br>(''previously listed as [[Lower Elwha Tribal Community of the Lower Elwha Reservation, Washington]]'')
* [[Lower Sioux Indian Community in the State of Minnesota]]
* [[Lummi Tribe of the Lummi Reservation
* [[Lytton Rancheria of California]]
===M===
{{compact ToC|side=yes|top=yes}}
* [[Makah Indian Tribe of the Makah Indian Reservation
* [[Manchester Band of Pomo Indians of the Manchester Rancheria, California]]<br>(''previously listed as [[Manchester Band of Pomo Indians of the Manchester-Point Arena Rancheria, California]]'')
* [[Manzanita Band of Diegueno Mission Indians of the Manzanita Reservation, California]]
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* [[Mescalero Apache Tribe of the Mescalero Reservation, New Mexico]]
* [[Miami Tribe of Oklahoma]]
* [[Miccosukee Tribe of Indians
* [[Middletown Rancheria of Pomo Indians of California]]
* [[Mi'kmaq Nation]]<br/>(''previously listed as [[Aroostook Band of Micmacs]]; [[Aroostook Band of Micmac Indians]]'')
Line 244 ⟶ 247:
* [[Modoc Nation]]<br>(''previously listed as [[The Modoc Tribe of Oklahoma]]'')
* [[Mohegan Tribe of Indians of Connecticut]]<br>(''previously listed as [[Mohegan Indian Tribe of Connecticut]]'')
* [[Monacan Indian Nation
* [[Mooretown Rancheria of Maidu Indians of California]]
* [[Morongo Band of Mission Indians, California]]<br>(''previously listed as [[Morongo Band of Cahuilla Mission Indians of the Morongo Reservation, California]]'')
Line 268 ⟶ 271:
* [[Ohkay Owingeh, New Mexico]]<br>(''previously listed as [[Pueblo of San Juan]]'')
* [[Omaha Tribe of Nebraska]]
* [[Oneida Indian Nation]]
* [[Oneida Nation]]
* [[Onondaga Nation]], New York<br>(''previously listed as [[Onondaga Nation of New York]]'')
* [[Otoe-Missouria Tribe of Indians, Oklahoma]]
Line 278 ⟶ 281:
* [[Paiute Indian Tribe of Utah]]
** [[Cedar Band of Paiutes]] (''previously listed as [[Cedar City Band of Paiutes]]'')
** [[Indian Peaks Band of Paiutes]]▼
** [[Kanosh Band of Paiutes]]
** [[Koosharem Band of Paiutes]]
▲** [[Indian Peaks Band of Paiutes]]
** [[Shivwits Band of Paiutes]]
* [[Paiute-Shoshone Tribe of the Fallon Reservation and Colony, Nevada]]
Line 290 ⟶ 293:
* [[Pauma Band of Luiseno Mission Indians of the Pauma & Yuima Reservation, California]]
* [[Pawnee Nation of Oklahoma]]
* [[Pechanga Band of Indians]]<br/>(''previously listed as [[Pechanga Band of Luiseno Mission Indians of the Pechanga Reservation, California]]'')
* [[Penobscot Nation]]<br/>(''previously listed as [[Penobscot Tribe of Maine]]'')
* [[Peoria Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma]]
Line 296 ⟶ 299:
* [[Pinoleville Pomo Nation, California]]<br>(''previously listed as [[Pinoleville Rancheria of Pomo Indians of California]]'')
* [[Pit River Tribe, California]]<br>includes:
** [[XL Ranch]]▼
** [[Big Bend Rancheria]]
** [[Likely Rancheria]]
Line 302 ⟶ 304:
** [[Montgomery Creek Rancheria]]
** [[Roaring Creek Rancheria]]
▲** [[XL Ranch]]
* [[Poarch Band of
* [[Pokagon Band of Potawatomi Indians, Michigan and Indiana]]
* [[Ponca Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma]]
* [[Ponca Tribe of Nebraska]]
* [[
* [[Potter Valley Tribe, California]]<br>(''previously listed as [[Potter Valley Rancheria of Pomo Indians of California]]'')
* [[Prairie Band Potawatomi Nation]]<br>(''previously listed as [[Prairie Band of Potawatomi Nation, Kansas]]; [[Prairie Band of Potawatomi Indians]]'')
Line 326 ⟶ 329:
* [[Pueblo of Tesuque, New Mexico]]
* [[Pueblo of Zia, New Mexico]]
* [[Pulikla Tribe of Yurok People]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Resighini Rancheria Becomes Pulikla Tribe of Yurok People, Honoring Ancestral Lands and Cultural Heritage |url=https://nativenewsonline.net/sovereignty/resighini-rancheria-becomes-pulikla-tribe-of-yurok-people-honoring-ancestral-lands-and-cultural-heritage |access-date=18 July 2024 |work=Native News Online |date=11 July 2024}}</ref><br/>(''previously listed as [[Resighini Rancheria, California]]; [[Coast Indian Community of Yurok Indians of the Resighini Rancheria]]'')
* [[Puyallup Tribe of Indians]]
* [[Pyramid Lake Paiute Tribe of the Pyramid Lake Reservation, Nevada]]
Line 346 ⟶ 350:
* [[Redwood Valley or Little River Band of Pomo Indians of the Redwood Valley Rancheria California]]<br/>(''previously listed as [[Redwood Valley Rancheria of Pomo Indians of California]]'')
* [[Reno-Sparks Indian Colony, Nevada]]
* [[
* [[Robinson Rancheria]]<br>(''previously listed as [[Robinson Rancheria Band of Pomo Indians, California]], and [[Robinson Rancheria of Pomo Indians of California]]'')
* [[Rosebud Sioux Tribe of the Rosebud Indian Reservation, South Dakota]]
Line 358 ⟶ 361:
* [[Sac & Fox Tribe of the Mississippi in Iowa]]
* [[Saginaw Chippewa Indian Tribe of Michigan]]
* [[Saint Regis Mohawk Tribe
* [[Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community of the Salt River Reservation, Arizona]]
* [[Samish Indian Nation]]<br>(''previously listed as [[Samish Indian Tribe, Washington]]'')
Line 368 ⟶ 371:
* [[Santa Ynez Band of Chumash Mission Indians of the Santa Ynez Reservation, California]]
* [[Santee Sioux Nation, Nebraska]]<br>(''previously listed as [[Santee Sioux Tribe of the Santee Reservation of Nebraska]]'')
▲* [[
* [[Sauk-Suiattle Indian Tribe]]<br>(''previously listed as [[Sauk-Suiattle Indian Tribe of Washington]]'')
* [[Sault Ste. Marie Tribe of Chippewa Indians, Michigan]]<br>(''previously listed as [[Sault Ste. Marie Tribe of Chippewa Indians of Michigan]]'')
* [[Scotts Valley Band of Pomo Indians of California]]
* [[Seminole Tribe of Florida]]<br>(''previously also listing its reservations:'')
** [[Dania Reservation]]▼
** [[Big Cypress Reservation]]
** [[Brighton Reservation]]
▲** [[Dania Reservation]]
** [[Hollywood Reservation]]
** [[Tampa Reservation]]
Line 385 ⟶ 389:
* [[Shinnecock Indian Nation]]<br>(''previously listed as [[Shinnecock Indian Nation, New York]]'')
* [[Shoalwater Bay Indian Tribe of the Shoalwater Bay Indian Reservation]]<br>(''previously listed as [[Shoalwater Bay Tribe of the Shoalwater Bay Indian Reservation, Washington]]'')
* [[Shoshone-Bannock Tribes of the Fort Hall Reservation]]<br>(''previously listed as [[Shoshone-Bannock Tribes of the Fort Hall Reservation of Idaho]]'')
* [[Shoshone-Paiute Tribes of the Duck Valley Reservation, Nevada]]
* [[Sisseton-Wahpeton Oyate of the Lake Traverse Reservation, South Dakota]]
Line 395 ⟶ 399:
* [[Southern Ute Indian Tribe of the Southern Ute Reservation, Colorado]]
* [[Spirit Lake Tribe, North Dakota]]
* [[Spokane Tribe of the Spokane Reservation
* [[Squaxin Island Tribe of the Squaxin Island Reservation]]<br>(''previously listed as [[Squaxin Island Tribe of the Squaxin Island Reservation, Washington]]'')
* [[St. Croix Chippewa Indians of Wisconsin]]
Line 458 ⟶ 462:
** [[Carson Colony]]
** [[Dresslerville Colony]]
** [[Woodfords Community]]▼
** [[Stewart Community]]
** [[Washoe Ranches]]
▲** [[Woodfords Community]]
* [[White Mountain Apache Tribe of the Fort Apache Reservation, Arizona]]
* [[Wichita and Affiliated Tribes (Wichita, Keechi, Waco & Tawakonie), Oklahoma]]
Line 488 ⟶ 492:
==See also==
;United States
* [[State recognized tribes in the United States]]▼
* [[Native Americans in the United States]]▼
* [[List of Alaska Native tribal entities]]
* [[List of Indian reservations in the United States]]▼
* [[List of historical Indian reservations in the United States]]
▲* [[List of Indian reservations in the United States]]
* [[Native American Heritage Sites (U.S. National Park Service)|National Park Service Native American Heritage Sites]]▼
* [[List of organizations that self-identify as Native American tribes]]
▲* [[Native American Heritage Sites (U.S. National Park Service)
▲* [[Native Americans in the United States]]
* [[Outline of United States federal Indian law and policy]]
* [[Tribal sovereignty]]▼
* [[Unrecognized tribes|(Federally or state) unrecognized tribes]]
* [[United States federal recognition of Native Hawaiians|Federal recognition of Native Hawaiians]]
** [[Legal status of Hawaii]]
▲* [[Tribal sovereignty]]
;Canada
* [[List of Indian reserves in Canada]]▼
* [[List of First Nations governments]]
* [[List of First Nations peoples]]
▲* [[List of Indian reserves in Canada]]
== Federal Register ==
Line 510 ⟶ 514:
=== Current version ===
* Federal Register, Volume
=== Former versions ===
* Federal Register, Volume 87, FR 4636, dated January 12, 2023 ({{Federal Register|87|4636}}) – 574 entities
* Federal Register, Volume 85, Number 20 dated January 30, 2020 ({{Federal Register|85|5462}}) – 574 entities
* Federal Register, Volume 84, Number 22 dated February 1, 2019 ({{Federal Register|84|1200}}) – 573 entities
Line 558 ⟶ 563:
[[Category:Federally recognized tribes in the United States|*]]
[[Category:Lists of indigenous peoples of the Americas|Federally recognized tribes]]
[[Category:Lists of tribes]]
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