Corruption in India: Difference between revisions

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Line 1: {{Short description\|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] --> ~~{{short description\|Institutional corruption in the country}}~~ {{Use Indian English\|date=March 2014}} {{Use dmy dates\|date=March 2014}} Line 15: {{Legend\|#c0c0c0\|No data}}]] {{Political corruption sidebar\|image=[[File:Flag of India.svg\|150px]]}} '''Corruption in India''' is an issue which affects economy of central, state, and local government agencies. Corruption is blamed for stunting the [[economy of India]].<ref name="tfe2010">{{cite news \|author=Nirvikar Singh \|date=19 December 2010 \|title=The trillion-dollar question \|newspaper=The Financial Express \|url=http://www.financialexpress.com/news/the-trilliondollar-question/726482/0 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121129081114/http://www.financialexpress.com/news/the-trilliondollar-question/726482/0 \|archive-date=29 November 2012 \|df=dmy-all}}</ref> A study conducted by [[Transparency International]] in 2005 recorded that more than 62% of Indians had at some point or another paid a bribe to a public official to get a job done.<ref>{{citation \|url=http://www.transparency.org/policy_research/surveys_indices/cpi/2010/results \|title=Transparency International – the global coalition against corruption \|publisher=Transparency.org \|access-date=7 October 2011 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724195347/http://www.transparency.org/policy_research/surveys_indices/cpi/2010/results \|archive-date=24 July 2011 \|df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="2005-TI-study">{{cite web \|url=http://www.iri.org.in/related_readings/India%20Corruption%20Study%202005.pdf \|title=India Corruption Study 2005: To Improve Governance: Volume I – Key Highlights New Delhi \|publisher=Transparency International India \|date=30 June 2005 \|pages=1–3\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130811123343/http://www.iri.org.in/related_readings/India%20Corruption%20Study%202005.pdf\|archive-date=11 August 2013}}</ref> In 2008, another report showed that about 50% of Indians had first hand experience of paying bribes or using contacts to get services performed by public offices.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.transparencyindia.org/resource/survey_study/India%20Corruptino%20Study%202008.pdf\|title=India Corruption Study – 2008\|year=2008\|publisher=Transparency International\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120619212155/http://www.transparencyindia.org/resource/survey_study/India%20Corruptino%20Study%202008.pdf\|archive-date=19 June 2012\|url-status=dead\|df=dmy-all\|access-date=6 July 2012}}</ref> In Transparency International's 2023 [[Corruption Perceptions Index]], which scored 180 countries on a scale from 0 ("highly corrupt") to 100 ("very clean"), India scored 39. When ranked by score, India ranked 93rd among the 180 countries in the Index, where the country ranked first is perceived to have the most honest [[public sector]].<ref>{{Cite web \|title=The ABCs of the CPI: How the Corruption Perceptions Index is calculated \|url=https://www.transparency.org/en/news/how-cpi-scores-are-calculated \|access-date=15 April 2023 \|website=Transparency.org \|date=20 December 2021 \|language=en}}</ref> For comparison with worldwide scores, the best score was 90 (ranked 1), the worst score was 11 (ranked 180), and the average score was 43.<ref>{{Cite web \|title=Corruption Perceptions Index 2023: India \|url=https://www.transparency.org/en/cpi/2023/index/ind \|access-date=30 January 2024 \|website=Transparency.org \|date=30 January 2024 \|language=en}}</ref> For comparison with regional scores, the highest score among the countries of the Asia Pacific region{{refn\|Afghanistan, Australia, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, China, Fiji, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Japan, Laos, Malaysia, Maldives, Mongolia, Myanmar, Nepal, New Zealand, North Korea, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Singapore, Solomon Islands, South Korea, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Vanuatu, and Vietnam \|group="Note"}} was 85, the lowest score was 17, and the average score was 45.<ref>{{Cite web \|title=CPI 2023 for Asia Pacific: Regional Stagnation Marked by Inadequate Delivery of Anti-corruption Commitments \|url=https://www.transparency.org/en/news/cpi-2023-asia-pacific-stagnation-due-to-inadequate-anti-corruption-commitments \|access-date=30 January 2023 \|website=Transparency.org\|language=en}}</ref> Various factors contribute to corruption, including officials siphoning money from government social welfare schemes. Examples include the [[Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act]] and the [[National Rural Health Mission]].<ref name=ft072012>{{cite news\|title=India to give free medicine to millions\|work=The Financial Times\|date=5 July 2012\|url=http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/d18b2006-c687-11e1-963a-00144feabdc0.html#axzz1zEesnuZu}}</ref><ref name="econ1" /> Other areas of corruption include India's trucking industry, which is forced to pay billions of rupees in bribes annually to numerous regulatory and police stops on interstate highways.<ref name="asia2009" /> Line 27: Corruption in India is a problem that has serious implications for protecting [[the rule of law]] and ensuring access to justice. {{As of\|December 2009}}, 120 of India's 542 parliament members were accused of various crimes, under India's [[First Information Report]] procedure wherein anyone can allege another to have committed a crime.<ref name="tax">{{cite news\|url=http://www.economist.com/specialreports/displaystory.cfm?story_id=12749771\|title=A special report on India: The democracy tax is rising: Indian politics is becoming ever more labyrinthine\|date=11 December 2008\|newspaper=The Economist\|url-status=live\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081220163843/http://www.economist.com/specialreports/displaystory.cfm?story_id=12749771\|archive-date=20 December 2008\|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Many of the biggest scandals {{As of\|since=yes\|lc=yes\|2010}} have involved high level government officials, including Cabinet Ministers and Chief Ministers, such as the [[Concerns and controversies over the 2010 Commonwealth Games\|2010 Commonwealth Games scam]] ({{INRConvert\|70000\|c}}), the [[Adarsh Housing Society scam]], the [[Coal Mining Scam]] ({{INRConvert\|1.86\|lc}}), the [[Mining scams in India#Illegal iron ore mining in Karnataka\|Mining Scandal in Karnataka]], and the [[Cash-for-votes scandal\|Cash for Vote scam]]s along with the [[Electoral Bond]] ~~Scam~~scam. There have also been decades of numerous state and local level scams, for example: the [[Saradha_Group_financial_scandal\|Saradha group financial scandal]], the [[Narada sting operation]], the [[Rose Valley financial scandal]], and the [[2022_West_Bengal_School_Service_Commission_recruitment_scam\|West Bengal teacher recruitment scam]]. == Lack of accountability == Line 54: {{update\|section\|date=May 2023}} {{also\|Government procurement#India}} A 2006 report claimed that state-funded [[Construction industry of India\|construction]] activities in [[Uttar Pradesh]], such as [[road building]], were dominated by construction mafias, consisting of cabals of corrupt public works officials, materials suppliers, politicians and construction contractors.<ref name="indiatoday2006">{{cite web \|url=http://archives.digitaltoday.in/indiatoday/20061016/state-up.html \|title=Mulayam Hits Mafia Hard \|website=India Today \|date=16 October 2006 \|access-date=30 October 2008 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20110705052538/http://archives.digitaltoday.in/indiatoday/20061016/state-up.html \|archive-date=5 July 2011 \|df=dmy-all }} Snippet: ''... The road sector has always been the main source of income for the mafia. They either ask their men directly to grab the contracts or allow an outsider to take the contract after accepting a hefty commission''</ref> Problems caused by corruption in government-funded projects are not limited to the state of Uttar Pradesh. The World Bank study finds that the public distribution programs and social spending contracts have proven to be a waste due to corruption.<ref>{{cite news\|title=India aid programme 'beset by corruption' – World Bank\|work=BBC News\|date=18 May 2011\|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-south-asia-13447867\|url-status=live\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120303065531/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-south-asia-13447867\|archive-date=3 March 2012\|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Line 63: CSIR, the [[Council of Scientific and Industrial Research]], has been flagged in ongoing efforts to root out corruption in India.<ref name=SpicyIP>{{cite web\|last=Reddy\|first=Prashant\|title=CSIR Tech. Pvt. Ltd: Its controversial past and its uncertain future\|url=http://spicyipindia.blogspot.com/2012/05/csir-tech-pvt-ltd-its-controversial.html\|access-date=11 March 2013\|publisher=SpicyIP.com\|date=20 May 2012\|url-status=live\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120523142420/http://spicyipindia.blogspot.com/2012/05/csir-tech-pvt-ltd-its-controversial.html\|archive-date=23 May 2012\|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Established with the directive to do translational research and create real technologies, CSIR has been accused of transforming into a ritualistic, overly-bureaucratic organisation that does little more than churn out papers.<ref name=sciencemag>{{cite web\|url=http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/1998/01/23-02.html\|title=Indian Scientists Claim Lab Corruption\|publisher=ScienceNOW\|date=23 January 1998\|url-status=dead\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130606190909/http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/1998/01/23-02.html\|archive-date=6 June 2013\|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|last=Singh\|first=Mahendra Pratap\|url=http://www.groundreportindia.com/2010/02/without-prejudice-fingers-point-to-rs.html\|title=GROUND REPORT INDIA: Without prejudice, fingers point to Rs. 50.00 Lakhs financial embezzlement by Dr. R. Tuli, Director\|date=13 February 2010\|url-status=live\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130430153623/http://www.groundreportindia.com/2010/02/without-prejudice-fingers-point-to-rs.html\|archive-date=30 April 2013\|df=dmy-all}}</ref> There are many issues facing Indian scientists, with some~~, such as MIT systems scientist [[Shiva Ayyadurai\|VA Shiva Ayyadurai]],~~ calling for transparency, a [[meritocratic]] system, and an overhaul of the bureaucratic agencies that oversee science and technology.<ref name="Nature">{{cite journal \|last=Jayaraman \|first=K.S. \|title=Report row ousts top Indian scientist \|volume=462 \|issue=7270 \|pages=152 \|journal=Nature \|date=9 November 2009 \|df=dmy-all \|pmid=19907467 \|doi=10.1038/462152a \|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name=CSIRTECH>{{cite web\|last1=Ayyadurai\|first1=VA Shiva\|last2=Sardana\|first2=Deepak\|title=CSIR-TECH Path Forward\|url=http://innovationdemandsfreedom.com/pdf/report-on-CSIR-by-VA-Shiva.pdf\|access-date=15 April 2013\|date=19 October 2009\|url-status=live\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140114001509/http://innovationdemandsfreedom.com/pdf/report-on-CSIR-by-VA-Shiva.pdf\|archive-date=14 January 2014\|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web \|last=Ayyadurai \|first=VA Shiva \|url=http://vashiva.com/va-shivas-lecture-at-indian-science-congress-association-centenary/ \|title=VA Shiva's Lecture at Indian Science Congress Centenary \|date=16 December 2012 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130324024913/http://vashiva.com/va-shivas-lecture-at-indian-science-congress-association-centenary/ \|archive-date=24 March 2013 \|df=dmy-all }}</ref> Sumit Bhaduri stated, "The challenges of turning Indian science into part of an [[innovation]] process are many. Many competent Indian scientists aspire to be ineffectual administrators (due to administrative power and political patronage), rather than do the kind of science that makes a difference".<ref>{{cite news\|last= Bhaduri\|first= Sumit\|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-01-08/edit-page/36193413_1_indian-science-innovations-ideas \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130121072652/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-01-08/edit-page/36193413_1_indian-science-innovations-ideas \|url-status=dead \|archive-date=21 January 2013 \|newspaper= [[The Times of India]]\|title=Indian science must break free from the present bureaucratic culture to come up with big innovative ideas\|date=8 January 2013}}</ref> Prime minister [[Manmohan Singh]] spoke at the 99th Indian Science Congress and commented on the state of the sciences in India, after an advisory council informed him there were problems with "the overall environment for innovation and creative work" and a "war-like" approach was needed.<ref>{{cite journal\|last=Jayaraman\|first=K.S.\|url=http://www.nature.com/news/indian-science-in-need-of-overhaul-1.9750\|title=Indian science in need of overhaul\|journal=Nature\|date=6 January 2012\|doi=10.1038/nature.2012.9750\|s2cid=153672234\|url-status=live\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130105173745/http://www.nature.com/news/indian-science-in-need-of-overhaul-1.9750\|archive-date=5 January 2013\|df=dmy-all}}</ref> ===Preferential award of mineral resources=== Line 88: The table below compares the perceived anti-corruption effort across some of the major states in India.<ref name=WFR2011/> A rising index implies higher anti-corruption effort and falling corruption. According to this table, the states of [[Bihar]] and [[Gujarat]] have experienced significant improvements in their anti-corruption efforts, while conditions have worsened in the states of [[Assam]] and [[West Bengal]]. Consistent with the results in this table, in 2012 a BBC News report claimed the state of Bihar has transformed in recent years to become the least corrupt state in India.<ref>{{cite news\|title=British aid to India: Helping Bihar's poor\|author=David Loyn\|date=1 March 2012\|work=BBC News\|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-17210734\|url-status=live\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120705192031/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-17210734\|archive-date=5 July 2012\|df=dmy-all}}</ref> {{Expand section\|date=May 2024}} {\| class="wikitable sortable" \|+ Index trends in major states by respective anti-corruption effort<ref name=WFR2011/> Line 142: According to a third report, published in May 2012, the Swiss National Bank estimates that the total amount of deposits in all Swiss banks, at the end of 2010, by citizens of India were CHF 1.95 billion ({{INRConvert\|92.95\|b}}). The Swiss Ministry of External Affairs has confirmed these figures upon request for information by the Indian Ministry of External Affairs. This amount is about 700-fold less than the alleged $1.4 trillion in some media reports.<ref name=fm2012/> The report also provided a comparison of the deposits held by Indians and by citizens of other nations in Swiss banks. Total deposits held by citizens of India constitute only 0.13 per cent of the total bank deposits of citizens of all countries. Further, the share of Indians in the total bank deposits of citizens of all countries in Swiss banks has reduced from 0.29 per cent in 2006 to 0.13 per cent in 2010. ==Stock market scams== {{Main\|1992 Indian stock market scam\|Harshad Mehta\|Ketan Parekh\|NSE co-location scam}} The Indian [[stock exchanges]], [[Bombay Stock Exchange]] and [[National Stock Exchange of India]], have been rocked by several high-profile corruption scandals.<ref>{{cite news \| url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/markets/stocks/news/how-indias-trading-queen-and-mystery-guru-engulfed-nse-in-scandal/articleshow/90343226.cms?from=mdr \| title=How India's trading queen and mystery guru engulfed NSE in scandal \| newspaper=The Economic Times }}</ref><ref>{{cite news \| url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/markets/stocks/news/the-fall-of-nse-corruption-or-hubris/articleshow/69154289.cms \| title=The fall of NSE: Corruption or hubris? \| newspaper=The Economic Times \| last1=Rangan \| first1=MC Govardhana }}</ref><ref>{{cite news \| url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idINIndia-53153120101125 \| title=BSE Sensex drops as corruption scandal weighs \| newspaper=Reuters \| date=25 November 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web \| url=https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/corporate/story/sebi-penalises-bse-nse-for-laxity-in-karvy-fraud-case-329647-2022-04-13 \| title=SEBI penalises BSE, NSE for 'laxity' in Karvy fraud case \| date=13 April 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news \| url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/markets/trading-queen-and-mystery-guru-strange-tale-engulfs-nse-in-scandal-122032100123_1.html \| title=Trading 'queen' and mystery guru: Strange tale engulfs NSE in scandal \| newspaper=Business Standard India \| date=21 March 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web \| url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/national-stock-exchange-case-who-will-invest-in-india-if-scams-like-this-happen-judge-asks-cbi-in-stock-exchange-manipulation-case-2812478 \| title="Who'll Invest in India if Scams Like This Happen?": Judge in NSE Case }}</ref><ref>{{cite web \| url=https://www.financialexpress.com/market/cbi-arrests-former-nse-ceo-chitra-ramkrishna-in-co-location-scam-case/2452419/ \| title=Chitra Ramkrishna arrested; CBI grills former NSE CEO in co-location scam after SEBI's mysterious yogi report \| date=7 March 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news \| url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/markets/stocks/news/how-indias-trading-queen-and-mystery-guru-engulfed-nse-in-scandal/articleshow/90343226.cms?from=mdr \| title=How India's trading queen and mystery guru engulfed NSE in scandal \| newspaper=The Economic Times \| access-date=11 January 2023 \| archive-date=11 January 2023 \| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230111193659/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/markets/stocks/news/how-indias-trading-queen-and-mystery-guru-engulfed-nse-in-scandal/articleshow/90343226.cms?from=mdr \| url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news \| url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/markets/stocks/news/the-fall-of-nse-corruption-or-hubris/articleshow/69154289.cms \| title=The fall of NSE: Corruption or hubris? \| newspaper=The Economic Times \| last1=Rangan \| first1=MC Govardhana \| access-date=11 January 2023 \| archive-date=11 January 2023 \| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230111193659/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/markets/stocks/news/the-fall-of-nse-corruption-or-hubris/articleshow/69154289.cms \| url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news \| url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idINIndia-53153120101125 \| title=BSE Sensex drops as corruption scandal weighs \| newspaper=Reuters \| date=25 November 2010 \| access-date=11 January 2023 \| archive-date=11 January 2023 \| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230111193700/https://www.reuters.com/article/idINIndia-53153120101125 \| url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web \| url=https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/corporate/story/sebi-penalises-bse-nse-for-laxity-in-karvy-fraud-case-329647-2022-04-13 \| title=SEBI penalises BSE, NSE for 'laxity' in Karvy fraud case \| date=13 April 2022 \| access-date=11 January 2023 \| archive-date=21 September 2022 \| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220921192656/https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/corporate/story/sebi-penalises-bse-nse-for-laxity-in-karvy-fraud-case-329647-2022-04-13 \| url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news \| url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/markets/trading-queen-and-mystery-guru-strange-tale-engulfs-nse-in-scandal-122032100123_1.html \| title=Trading 'queen' and mystery guru: Strange tale engulfs NSE in scandal \| newspaper=Business Standard India \| date=21 March 2022 \| access-date=11 January 2023 \| archive-date=21 September 2022 \| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220921232719/https://www.business-standard.com/article/markets/trading-queen-and-mystery-guru-strange-tale-engulfs-nse-in-scandal-122032100123_1.html \| url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web \| url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/national-stock-exchange-case-who-will-invest-in-india-if-scams-like-this-happen-judge-asks-cbi-in-stock-exchange-manipulation-case-2812478 \| title="Who'll Invest in India if Scams Like This Happen?": Judge in NSE Case \| access-date=11 January 2023 \| archive-date=22 September 2022 \| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922044155/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/national-stock-exchange-case-who-will-invest-in-india-if-scams-like-this-happen-judge-asks-cbi-in-stock-exchange-manipulation-case-2812478 \| url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web \| url=https://www.financialexpress.com/market/cbi-arrests-former-nse-ceo-chitra-ramkrishna-in-co-location-scam-case/2452419/ \| title=Chitra Ramkrishna arrested; CBI grills former NSE CEO in co-location scam after SEBI's mysterious yogi report \| date=7 March 2022 \| access-date=11 January 2023 \| archive-date=22 September 2022 \| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922022110/https://www.financialexpress.com/market/cbi-arrests-former-nse-ceo-chitra-ramkrishna-in-co-location-scam-case/2452419/ \| url-status=live }}</ref> At times, the [[Securities and Exchange Board of India]] (SEBI) has barred various individuals and entities from trading on the exchanges for [[Market manipulation\|stock manipulation]], especially in [[Market liquidity\|illiquid]] [[small cap company\|small-cap]] and [[penny stocks]].<ref>{{cite web \|last1=Sreedhar \|first1=Vidya \|title=Rs 144 crore wrongful profit! Sebi finds stock manipulation in 5 smallcaps \|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/markets/stocks/news/sebi-bars-135-entities-from-market-on-alleged-share-manipulation-in-5-smallcaps/articleshow/101167757.cms \|website=The Economic Times \|access-date=24 August 2023 \|date=21 June 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news \|title=Sebi ban pinches penny stocks \|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/markets/sebi-ban-pinches-penny-stocks-105102601049_1.html \|access-date=24 August 2023 \|work=Business Standard}}</ref><ref>{{cite news \|title=SEBI Cracks Down on Misuse of Penny Stocks \|url=https://thewire.in/business/penny-stocks-bogus-claims-sebi \|access-date=24 August 2023 \|work=The Wire}}</ref><ref>{{cite news \|title=I-T Department, SEBI begin crackdown on penny stock firms in PMO-led push \|url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/markets/i-t-department-sebi-begin-crackdown-on-penny-stock-firms-in-pmo-led-push-2442315.html \|access-date=24 August 2023 \|work=Moneycontrol \|date=20 November 2017 \|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news \|last1=Rampal \|first1=Nikhil \|title=Pump & dump: How SEBI caught Arshad Warsi & others 'manipulating' stock prices in 'finfluencer' scheme \|url=https://theprint.in/business/pump-dump-how-sebi-caught-arshad-warsi-others-manipulating-stock-prices-in-finfluencer-scheme/1413718/ \|access-date=24 August 2023 \|work=ThePrint \|date=3 March 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news \|title=Sebi bans FIIs, brokers for GDR manipulation \|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/sebi-bans-fiis-brokers-for-gdr-manipulation/articleshow/10072999.cms \|access-date=24 August 2023 \|work=The Times of India \|date=22 September 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news \|title=Fight against black money: Sebi bars 59 entities for evading taxes \|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/business/fight-against-black-money-sebi-bars-59-entities-for-evading-taxes/story-kRhJVKW9JTtpN8frb0fO8I.html \|access-date=24 August 2023 \|work=Hindustan Times \|date=20 August 2015 \|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news \|title=Sebi goes after companies rigging share prices \|url=https://www.businesstoday.in/magazine/markets/story/sebi-bans-239-entities-individuals-for-rigging-share-prices-53892-2015-08-12 \|access-date=24 August 2023 \|work=Business Today \|date=12 August 2015 \|language=en}}</ref> ==Judiciary== Line 184 ⟶ 188: ===Anti-corruption police and courts=== The [[Directorate General of Income Tax Investigation]], [[Central Vigilance Commission]] and [[Central Bureau of Investigation]] all deal with anti-corruption initiatives. Certain states such as Andhra Pradesh ([[Anti-Corruption Bureau, Andhra Pradesh]]) Kerala ([[Vigilance & Anti-Corruption Bureau, Kerala\|Vigilance & Anti-corruption Bureau, Kerala]]) and Karnataka ([[Lokayukta]]) also have their own anti-corruption agencies and courts.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.aponline.gov.in/apportal/departments/departments.asp?dep=13&org=83 \|title=A.P. Departments Anti-Corruption Bureau \|access-date=25 June 2010 \|publisher=A.P. Government \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100523173007/http://aponline.gov.in/apportal/departments/departments.asp?dep=13&org=83 \|archive-date=23 May 2010 }}</ref><ref name="Karnataka Lokayukta">{{cite web\|url=http://lokayukta.kar.nic.in\|title=Karnataka Lokayukta\|access-date=24 June 2010\|publisher=[[National Informatics Centre]]\|url-status=live\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100619035740/http://lokayukta.kar.nic.in/\|archive-date=19 June 2010\|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web \|title=KERALA LOK AYUKTA – Kerala Lok Ayukta \|url=https://www.lokayuktakerala.gov.in/ \|access-date=2022-07-08 \|language=en-US}}</ref> {{static row numbers}}{{sort under}}{{Table alignment}}{{row hover highlight}} ~~{\| class="wikitable"~~ {\|class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header-text col2center col5center hover-highlight" "style="font-size: 90%" \|+List of Anti-Corruption Agencies ~~!Sr No.~~ !State/UT !Anti-Corruption Agency \|- \|1 \|Andhra Pradesh \|[[Anti-Corruption Bureau, Andhra Pradesh\|Andhra Pradesh Anti-Corruption Bureau]] \|- \|2 \|Arunachal Pradesh \|[[Arunachal Pradesh Lokayukta]] \| \|- \|3 \|Assam \|Directorate of Vigilance & Anti-Corruption, Assam \|- \|4 \|Bihar \|Vigilance Department, Bihar \| \|- \|5 \|Chhattisgarh \|Anti-Corruption Bureau, Chhattisgarh \|- \|6 \|Goa \|Goa Police Anti-Corruption Branch \|- \|7 \|Gujarat \|[[Gujarat Anti-corruption Bureau\|Gujarat Anti-Corruption Bureau]] \|- \|8 \|Haryana \|Haryana State Vigilance Bureau \|- \|9 \|Himachal Pradesh \|Himachal Pradesh State Vigilance & Anti-Corruption Bureau \|- ~~\|10~~ \|Jharkhand \|Anti-Corruption Bureau, Jharkhand \|- ~~\|11~~ \|Karnataka \|[[Karnataka Lokayukta\|Lokayukta ,Karnataka]] \|- ~~\|12~~ \|Kerala \|[[Vigilance & Anti-Corruption Bureau, Kerala]] (VACB) \|- ~~\|13~~ \|Madhya Pradesh \|Lokayukta Special Police Establishment, Madhya Pradesh \|- ~~\|14~~ \|Maharashtra \|[[Anti Corruption Bureau, Maharashtra\|Maharashtra Anti-Corruption Bureau]] \|- ~~\|15~~ \|Manipur \|Vigilance & Anti-Corruption Department, Manipur \|- ~~\|16~~ \|Meghalaya \|Meghalaya Police Anti-Corruption Branch \|- ~~\|17~~ \|Mizoram \|Anti-Corruption Bureau, Mizoram \|- ~~\|18~~ \|Nagaland \|Directorate of Vigilance & Anti-Corruption Police, Nagaland \|- ~~\|19~~ \|Odisha \|Odisha Vigilance Directorate \|- ~~\|20~~ \|Punjab \|Punjab State Vigilance Bureau \|- ~~\|21~~ \|Rajasthan \|Anti-Corruption Bureau, Rajasthan \|- ~~\|22~~ \|Sikkim \|Vigilance Police Department, Sikkim \|- ~~\|23~~ \|Tamil Nadu \|Directorate of Vigilance & Anti-Corruption, Tamil Nadu \|- ~~\|24~~ \|Telangana ~~\|[[Anti-Corruption Bureau, Telangana~~\|Telangana Anti-Corruption Bureau]] \|- ~~\|25~~ \|Tripura \|Tripura Anti-Corruption Bureau \| \|- ~~\|26~~ \|Uttar Pradesh \|Anti-Corruption Organisation, Uttar Pradesh \|- ~~\|27~~ \|Uttarakhand \|Vigilance Establishment of Uttarakhand \| \|- ~~\|28~~ \|West Bengal \|Directorate of Anti-Corruption Branch, West Bengal \|- ~~\|29~~ \|Delhi \|Delhi Police Vigilance Department \| \|} [[Karnataka Lokayukta\|Andhra]] Pradesh's Anti Corruption Bureau ([[Anti-Corruption Bureau, Andhra Pradesh\|ACB]]) has launched a large scale investigation in the "cash-for-bail" scam.<ref name="cash-for-bail">{{cite web\|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-06-19/india/32316870_1_acb-official-favour-anti-corruption-bureau-officials \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130514145619/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-06-19/india/32316870_1_acb-official-favour-anti-corruption-bureau-officials \|url-status=dead \|archive-date=14 May 2013 \| title=Andhra cash-for-bail scam: Suspended judge questioned\| author=PTI \|website=[[The Times of India]] \| date=19 June 2012}}</ref> CBI court judge Talluri Pattabhirama Rao was arrested on 19 June 2012 for taking a bribe to grant bail to former Karnataka Minister Gali Janardhan Reddy.<ref>{{cite web\| url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/story/569049.html?CMP=outlook_news\| title=Srinivasan questioned in politician's corruption case\| author=Tariq Engineer\| publisher=ESPN CricInfo\| date=19 June 2012\| url-status=live\| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140313235613/http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/story/569049.html?CMP=outlook_news\| archive-date=13 March 2014\| df=dmy-all}}</ref> A case has also been opened against seven other individuals under the Indian Penal Code and the Prevention of Corruption Act.<ref name="cash-for-bail" /> Line 403 ⟶ 377: * {{Cite book\| last1=Vittal \| first1=N. \| year=2003 \| title=Corruption in India: The Roadblock to National Prosperity \| publisher=Academic Foundation \| isbn=978-81-7188-287-8 \| url=http://www.atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/EI06Df01.html \| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030919195118/http://www.atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/EI06Df01.html \| url-status=unfit \| archive-date=2003-09-19 }} * {{cite 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Bureaucratic Corruption in India: Legal Control of Maladministration. Comparative Political Studies, 6(2), 197-219. {{doi\|10.1177/001041407300600203}} * Krishna K. Tummala (2002) Corruption in India: Control measures and consequences, Asian Journal of Political Science, 10:2, 43-69, {{~~DOI~~doi\|10.1080/02185370208434210}} * {{cite book\|title=When Ideas Matter: Democracy and Corruption in India\|author=Baloch, B.A.\|isbn=9781316519837\|lccn=2021017244\|series=South Asia in the Social Sciences\|url=https://books.google.~~co.in~~com/books?id=USg0EAAAQBAJ\|year=2021\|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] }} * {{cite book\| title=Why Scams are Here to Stay: Understanding Political Corruption in India\|author=[[N. Ram\|Ram, N.]]\|isbn=9789384067311\|lccn=2017329017\| year=2017\|publisher=Aleph }} * {{cite book\|title=Corruption and Development in Indian Economy\|author=Mitra, A. and Sharma, C.\| isbn=9781316843321\|year=2016\|publisher=Cambridge University Press}} * {{cite book\|title=Costs of Democracy: Political Finance in India\|author=Kapur, D. and Vaishnav, M.\|isbn=9780199093137\|year=2018\|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] }} * Jon S.T. Quah (2008) Curbing Corruption in India: An Impossible Dream?, Asian Journal of Political Science, 16:3, 240-259, {{~~DOI~~doi\|10.1080/02185370802504266}} * GUPTA A. Changing Forms of Corruption in India. Modern Asian Studies. 2017;51(6):1862-1890. {{doi\|10.1017/S0026749X17000580}} {{refend}}