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| type = city
| name = Adelaide
| native_name = ''Tarntanya'' ([[Kaurna language|Kaurna]])
| state = sa
| image = {{multiple image
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| border = infobox
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| image1 = Adelaide skyline, December 2022 b.jpg
| alt1 = Adelaide city centre
| caption1 = [[Adelaide city centre]]
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| image4 = Adelaide,
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| image7 = Elder Park rotunda at blue hour (cropped).jpg
| alt7 = Elder Park and Adelaide Oval
| caption7 = [[Elder Park]] and [[Adelaide Oval]]
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| image9 = Victoria Square, central Adelaide.jpg
| alt9 = Victoria Square
| caption9 = [[Victoria Square, Adelaide|Victoria Square]]
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| pop = 1,418,455
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'''Adelaide''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|æ|d|ᵻ|l|eɪ|d|audio=En-au-Adelaide.oga}} {{respell|AD|il|ayd}},<ref>{{cite book |title=Macquarie ABC Dictionary |publisher=The Macquarie Library Pty Ltd |year=2003 |page=10 |isbn=1-876429-37-2}}</ref><ref>{{cite LPD|3}}</ref> {{IPA-endia|ˈædəlæɪd|locally}}; {{lang-zku|Tarntanya}}, {{IPA|zku|ˈd̪̥aɳɖaɲa|pron}}) is the [[list of Australian capital cities|capital]] and
Adelaide is situated on the [[Adelaide Plains]] north of the [[Fleurieu Peninsula]], between the [[Gulf St Vincent]] in the west and the [[Mount Lofty Ranges]] in the east. Its metropolitan area extends {{convert|20|km|mi|abbr=on}} from the coast to the [[Adelaide Hills|foothills]] of the Mount Lofty Ranges, and stretches {{convert|96|km|mi|abbr=on}} from [[Gawler]] in the north to [[Sellicks Beach]] in the south.
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Named in honour of [[Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen|Queen Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen]], wife of [[William IV|King William IV]], the city was founded in 1836 as the [[new town|planned capital]] for the only freely-settled British province in Australia.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.adelaidenow.com.au/news/south-australia/how-well-do-you-really-know-our-queen-adelaide/news-story/b249bd054376d472496f232a7f3d75ed|title=How well do you know our Queen?|date=3 May 2013|website=The Advertiser|location=Adelaide|access-date=7 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190807040642/https://www.adelaidenow.com.au/news/south-australia/how-well-do-you-really-know-our-queen-adelaide/news-story/b249bd054376d472496f232a7f3d75ed|archive-date=7 August 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> [[William Light|Colonel William Light]], one of Adelaide's founding fathers, designed the city centre and chose its location close to the [[River Torrens]]. Light's design, now [[Australian National Heritage List|listed as national heritage]], set out the city centre in a [[grid plan|grid layout]] known as "[[Light's Vision]]", interspaced by wide boulevards and large public squares, and entirely surrounded by park lands.
Early colonial Adelaide was shaped by the diversity and wealth of its free settlers, in contrast to the convict history of other Australian cities. It was Australia's third most populated city until the [[post-war]] era. It has been noted for its leading examples of religious freedom and progressive political reforms, and became known as the "City of Churches" due to its diversity of faiths. The city has also been
As South Australia's government and commercial centre, Adelaide is the site of many governmental and financial institutions. Most of these are concentrated in the [[Adelaide city centre|city centre]] along the cultural boulevards of [[North Terrace, Adelaide|North Terrace]] and [[King William Street, Adelaide|King William Street]].
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[[File:Free vector map of Adelaide Australia Level 12 G View.svg|thumb|A map of the Adelaide metropolitan area, with some suburbs named.]]
Adelaide is north of the Fleurieu Peninsula, on the Adelaide Plains between the Gulf St Vincent and the low-lying Mount Lofty Ranges. The city stretches {{convert|20|km|mi|abbr=on}} from the coast to the foothills, and {{convert|90|km|mi|abbr=on}} from [[Gawler, South Australia|Gawler]] at its northern extent to [[Sellicks Beach, South Australia|Sellicks Beach]] in the south. According to the Regional Development Australia, an Australian government planning initiative, the "Adelaide Metropolitan Region" has a total land area of {{convert|870|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}, while a more expansive definition by the Australian Bureau of Statistics defines a "Greater Adelaide" statistical area totalling {{convert|3259.8|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}.<ref name="ABS-GA" /> The city sits at an average elevation of {{convert|50|m|ft}} above sea level. [[Mount Lofty]], east of the Adelaide metropolitan region in the Adelaide Hills at an elevation of {{convert|727|m|ft}}, is the tallest point of the city and in the state south of [[Burra, South Australia|Burra]]. The city borders the [[Temperate Grassland of South Australia]] in the east, an endangered vegetation community.<ref>[https://grasslands.ecolinc.vic.edu.au/grassland_communities/iron-grass-natural-temperate-grasslands-south-australia Iron-grass Natural Temperate Grasslands of South Australia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220907090934/https://grasslands.ecolinc.vic.edu.au/grassland_communities/iron-grass-natural-temperate-grasslands-south-australia |date=7 September 2022 }} Grasslands Biodiversity of South-Eastern Australia. Retrieved 7 September 2022.</ref>
[[File:Adelaide, Australia ESA384290.jpg|thumb|Adelaide's metropolitan area as seen by the [[European Space Agency|ESA]]'s [[Sentinel-2]].]]
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[[File:Saint Nicholas Russian Orthodox Church.jpg|thumb|left|St Nicholas Church, a Russian Orthodox church in [[Wayville, South Australia|Wayville]]. Adelaide's 19th century moniker was ''The City of Churches''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://maps.cityofadelaide.com.au/journey/bf1d1188-c13b-11e8-a4a7-024bc0398b11/adelaide-the-city-of-churches|title=Adelaide – the City of Churches|work=cityofadelaide.com.au|access-date=7 August 2022}}</ref>]]
Adelaide was founded on a vision of religious tolerance that attracted a wide variety of religious practitioners. This led to it being known as ''The City of Churches''.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.samemory.sa.gov.au/site/page.cfm?u=1455 |title=Religion: Diversity |access-date=15 November 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130810123558/http://www.samemory.sa.gov.au/site/page.cfm?u=1455 |archive-date=10 August 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.samemory.sa.gov.au/site/page.cfm?u=1466 |title=Religious freedom |access-date=15 November 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140309190732/https://www.samemory.sa.gov.au/site/page.cfm?u=1466 |archive-date=9 March 2014 }}</ref><ref>[http://www.samemory.sa.gov.au/site/page.cfm?u=1455 Religion: Diversity] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130810123558/http://www.samemory.sa.gov.au/site/page.cfm?u=1455 |date=10 August 2013 }}, SA Memory. Retrieved 23 December 2010.</ref> But approximately 28% of the population expressed no religious affiliation in the 2011 Census, compared with the national average of 22.3%, making Adelaide one of Australia's least religious cities.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2011/quickstat/4GADE?opendocument&navpos=220 |title=2011 Census – Greater Adelaide |access-date=30 October 2020 |archive-date=2 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130502004913/http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2011/quickstat/4GADE?opendocument&navpos=220 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
The Jewish community of the city dates back to 1840. Eight years later, 58 Jews lived in the city.<ref name=JVL>[https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/judaica/ejud_0002_0001_0_00409.html Adelaide] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015195622/http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/judaica/ejud_0002_0001_0_00409.html |date=15 October 2015 }}, Jewish Virtual Library, Encyclopaedia Judica, 2008.</ref> A synagogue was built in 1871, when 435 Jews lived in the city. Many took part in the city councils, such as [[Judah Moss Solomon]] (1852–66). Three Jews have been elected to the position of [[List of mayors and lord mayors of Adelaide|city mayor]].<ref>[http://jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/793-adelaide Adelaide] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141108003822/http://jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/793-adelaide |date=8 November 2014 }}, JewishEncyclopedia.com, 1906.</ref> In 1968, the Jewish population of Adelaide numbered about 1,200;<ref>{{cite web |title=The Jewish Community of Adelaide |url = https://dbs.bh.org.il/place/adelaide |website=Beit Hatfutsot Open Databases Project |publisher=The Museum of the Jewish People at Beit Hatfutsot |access-date=22 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180722155442/https://dbs.bh.org.il/place/adelaide |archive-date=22 July 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> in 2001, according to the Australian census, 979 persons declared themselves to be Jewish by religion.<ref name="JVL" /> In 2011, over 1,000 Jews were living in the city, operating an [[Orthodox Judaism|Orthodox]] and a [[Reform Judaism|Reform]]
The "[[Afghan (Australia)|Afghan]]" community in Australia first became established in the 1860s when camels and their Pathan, Punjabi, Baluchi and Sindhi handlers began to be used to open up settlement in the continent's arid interior.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Westrip |first1=J. |last2=Holroyde |first2=P. |year=2010 |title=Colonial Cousins: a surprising history of connections between India and Australia |publisher=[[Wakefield Press (Australia)|Wakefield Press]] |location=[[Kent Town, South Australia]] |isbn=978-1-86254-841-1 |ol=24582860M }}</ref> Until eventually superseded by the advent of the railways and motor vehicles, camels played an invaluable economic and social role in transporting heavy loads of goods to and from isolated settlements and mines. This is acknowledged by the name of [[The Ghan]], the passenger train operating between Adelaide, Alice Springs, and Darwin. The [[Central Adelaide Mosque]] is regarded as Australia's oldest permanent mosque; an earlier [[Marree Mosque|mosque at Marree]] in northern South Australia, dating from 1861 to 1862 and subsequently abandoned or demolished, has now been rebuilt.
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* The [[South Eastern Freeway]] (M1), connects the south-east corner of the Adelaide Plain to the Adelaide Hills and beyond to [[Murray Bridge, South Australia|Murray Bridge]] and [[Tailem Bend]], where it then continues as National Highway 1 south-east to Melbourne.
* The [[Southern Expressway (Australia)|Southern Expressway]] (M2), connecting the outer southern suburbs with the inner southern suburbs and the city centre. It duplicates the route of [[South Road]].
* The [[North-South Motorway]] (M2), is an ongoing major project that will become the major north–south corridor, replacing most of what is now [[South Road]], connecting the [[Southern Expressway (Adelaide)|Southern Expressway]] and the [[Northern Expressway]] via a motorway with no traffic lights. As of
* The [[Port River Expressway]] (A9), connects Port Adelaide and [[Outer Harbor, South Australia|Outer Harbor]] to Port Wakefield Road at the northern "entrance" to the metropolitan area.
* The [[Northern Expressway]] (Max Fatchen Expressway) (M2), is the northern suburbs bypass route connecting the Sturt Highway (National Highway 20) via the [[Gawler Bypass]] to Port Wakefield Road at a point a few kilometres north of the Port River Expressway connection.
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Other major public hospitals are the [[Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide|Women's and Children's Hospital]] (305 beds), at North Adelaide; the [[Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide|Queen Elizabeth Hospital]] (340 beds) at Woodville; [[Modbury Hospital]] (178 beds) at Modbury; and the [[Lyell McEwin Hospital]] (198 beds) at Elizabeth Vale. Numerous private hospitals are also located throughout the city, with the largest operators being not-for-profits [[Adelaide Community Healthcare Alliance]] (3 hospitals) and [[Sisters of the Little Company of Mary|Calvary Care]] (4 hospitals).
In 2017, the RAH was relocated from the city's [[East End, Adelaide|East End]] to a new AU$2.3 billion facility built over former railyards in the West End.<ref>{{cite news |last=Sexton |first=Mike |title = New Royal Adelaide Hospital: All you need to know about the delayed high-tech project |newspaper=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]] |date=1 February 2017 |url = https://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-01-24/new-royal-adelaide-hospital-all-you-need-to-know/8206416 |access-date=26 August 2019 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190821201512/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-01-24/new-royal-adelaide-hospital-all-you-need-to-know/8206416 |archive-date=21 August 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> The state-of-the-art hospital forms part of a new biomedical precinct called [[BioMed City]] that collocates the [[South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute]] (SAHMRI), the University of Adelaide Health and Medical Sciences building, the University of South Australia's Health Innovation Building, and the state's Dental Hospital.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.sahealth.sa.gov.au/wps/wcm/connect/public+content/sa+health+internet/health+reform/the+new+royal+adelaide+hospital/south+australian+health+and+biomedical+precinct/south+australian+health+and+biomedical+precinct |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140707091617/http://www.sahealth.sa.gov.au/wps/wcm/connect/public+content/sa+health+internet/health+reform/the+new+royal+adelaide+hospital/south+australian+health+and+biomedical+precinct/south+australian+health+and+biomedical+precinct |url-status= dead |archive-date= 7 July 2014 |title=South Australian Health and Biomedical Precinct }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sahealth.sa.gov.au/wps/wcm/connect/public+content/sa+health+internet/health+services/dental+services/adelaide+dental+hospital/new+adelaide+dental+hospital |title=New Adelaide Dental Hospital :: SA Health |access-date=4 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170904204107/http://www.sahealth.sa.gov.au/wps/wcm/connect/public+content/sa+health+internet/health+services/dental+services/adelaide+dental+hospital/new+adelaide+dental+hospital |archive-date=4 September 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref> SAHMRI is building a $300 million second facility due to be completed by 2022 to house the [[Australian Bragg Centre for Proton Therapy and Research|Australian Bragg Centre]] with Australia's first [[proton therapy]] unit.<ref name="SAHMRI 2">{{cite web |title=SAHMRI 2 |url=http://www.commercialgeneral.com.au/projects/sahmri-2/ |website=Commercial & General |access-date=26 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190318203100/https://www.commercialgeneral.com.au/projects/sahmri-2/ |archive-date=18 March 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>
[[File:Adelaide (25092999627).jpg|thumb|The [[South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute]] (SAHMRI), located on [[North Terrace, Adelaide|North Terrace]].]]
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