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In the [[United States]], the [[Right to keep and bear arms in the United States|right to keep and bear arms]] is modulated by a variety of state and [[United States Code|federal statutes]]. These laws generally regulate the manufacture, trade, possession, transfer, record keeping, transport, and destruction of [[firearms]], [[ammunition]], and firearms accessories.<ref name="DOJ" /> They are enforced by state, local and the federal agencies which include the [[Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives]] (ATF).
The private right to keep and bear arms is protected by the [[Second Amendment to the United States Constitution|Second Amendment]] of the [[United States Constitution]]. This protection
==Major federal gun laws==
[[File:Houston Gun Show at the George R. Brown Convention Center.jpg|thumb|right|[[Gun show]], in the U.S.]]
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===Overview of current regulations===
[[Fugitives]], those convicted of a [[felony]] with a sentence exceeding
==History==
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In 2016, the Supreme Court ruled in the case ''[[Caetano v. Massachusetts]]'' that "the Second Amendment extends, [[prima facie]], to all instruments that constitute bearable arms, even those that were not in existence at the time of the founding".
In 2022, the Supreme Court ruled in the case ''[[New York State Rifle & Pistol Association, Inc. v. Bruen]]'' "that the Second and Fourteenth Amendments protect an individual’s right to carry a handgun for self-defense outside the home" and that "the [[New York (state)|State]]’s [[Overview of gun laws by nation#Vocabulary_and_terminology|may-issue]] licensing regime violates the Constitution."
==Second Amendment==
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In ''McDonald'', the Supreme Court ruled that, because of the [[incorporation of the Bill of Rights]], the guarantee of an individual right to bear arms applies to state and local gun control laws and not just federal laws.<ref name=NYTimesMcDonald>Liptak, Adam (June 28, 2010). [https://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/29/us/29scotus.html "Justices Extend Firearm Rights in 5-to-4 Ruling"], ''[[The New York Times]]''. Retrieved February 15, 2015.</ref>
The Supreme Court ruled that the Second Amendment protects the right to carry guns in public for self-defense in ''[[New York State Rifle & Pistol Association, Inc. v. Bruen]]'' in 2022.<ref>Liptak, Adam (April 15, 2013). [https://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/16/us/politics/supreme-court-declines-gun-law-case.html "Justices Refuse Case on Gun Law in New York"], ''[[The New York Times]]''. Retrieved February 15, 2015.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thehill.com/opinion/judiciary/564279-new-york-gun-rights-case-before-supreme-court-with-massive-consequences|title = New York gun rights case before Supreme Court with massive consequences|date = July 23, 2021}}</ref> Previously, [[United States courts of appeals|federal appeals courts]] had issued conflicting rulings on this point. For example, the [[United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit]] ruled in 2012 that it does, saying, "The Supreme Court has decided that the amendment confers a right to bear arms for self-defense, which is as important outside the home as inside."<ref>Long, Ray; Sweeney, Annie; Garcia, Monique (December 11, 2012). [http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/local/breaking/chi-us-appeals-court-strikes-down-states-concealedcarry-ban-20121211-story.html "Concealed Carry: Court Strikes Down Illinois' Ban"], ''[[Chicago Tribune]]''. Retrieved February 15, 2015.</ref> However, the [[United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit|Tenth Circuit Court]] ruled in 2013 that it does not, saying, "In light of our nation's extensive practice of restricting citizen's freedom to carry firearms in a concealed manner, we hold that this activity does not fall within the scope of the Second Amendment's protections."<ref>Associated Press (February 23, 2013). [https://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/24/us/court-finds-no-right-to-conceal-a-firearm.html "Court Finds No Right to Conceal a Firearm"], ''[[The New York Times]]''. Retrieved February 15, 2015.</ref> More recently, the [[United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit|Ninth Circuit Court]] ruled in its 2016 decision ''[[Peruta v. San Diego County]]'' that the Second Amendment does not guarantee the right of gun owners to carry concealed firearms in public.<ref>Nagourney, Adam; Eckholm, Erik (June 9, 2016). [https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/10/us/second-amendment-concealed-carry.html "2nd Amendment Does Not Guarantee Right to Carry Concealed Guns, Court Rules"], ''The New York Times''. Retrieved June 9, 2016.</ref>
==Eligible people==
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* has been convicted in any court of a "[[crime punishable by imprisonment for a term exceeding one year]]";<ref>''Holloway v. Attorney General'', [https://casetext.com/case/holloway-v-attorney-gen-us#p168 948 F.3d 164] {{PD-notice}}, 169 (3d Cir. 2020); {{uscsub|18|921|a|20}}; {{USC|18|927}}.</ref>
* is a [[fugitive]] from [[justice]];
* is an unlawful user of or addicted to any [[controlled substance]] (as defined in section 102 of the [[Controlled Substances Act]],<ref>https://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/21cfr/21usc/802.htm {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181127163218/https://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/21cfr/21usc/802.htm |date=November 27, 2018 }} {{PD-notice}}</ref> codified at 21 U.S.C. § 802);
* has been adjudicated as a [[mental defective]] or has been involuntarily committed to any [[mental institution]];
* is an [[illegal immigration to the United States|illegal alien]] (i.e. any person who is unlawfully in the United States<ref name="illegal alien">''United States v. Torres'', [https://casetext.com/case/united-states-v-torres-461#p1255 911 F.3d 1253] {{PD-notice}}, 1255 (9th Cir. 2019); {{uscsub|8|1365|b}} ("An illegal alien ... is any alien ... who is in the United States unlawfully....").</ref>);
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* has been discharged from the Armed Forces under dishonorable conditions;
* has [[relinquishment of United States nationality|renounced]] his or her United States nationality (i.e., became a [[foreign national]]);
* is subject to a [[court order]] (including
* has been convicted of a [[misdemeanor]] crime of [[domestic violence]]
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