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{{Short description|Inflammation of the pericardium (fibrous tissue around the heart)}}
{{Infobox medical condition (new)
| name = Pericarditis
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===Physical examinations===
The classic [[medical sign|sign]] of pericarditis is a [[pericardial rub|friction rub]] [[Auscultation|heard with a stethoscope]] on the cardiovascular examination, usually on the lower left [[Sternum|sternal border]].<ref name=mk /> Other physical signs include a person in distress, positional chest pain, diaphoresis (excessive sweating); possibility of heart failure in form of pericardial [[Cardiac tamponade|tamponade]] causing [[pulsus paradoxus]], and the [[Beck's triad (cardiology)|Beck's triad]] of [[hypotension|low blood pressure]] (due to decreased [[cardiac output]]), distant (muffled) heart sounds, and [[Jugular vein distension|distension of the jugular vein]] (JVD).
===Complications===
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Pericarditis may be caused by [[virus|viral]], [[bacteria]]l, or [[fungus|fungal]] infection.
In the
[[Pneumococcus]] or [[tuberculous pericarditis]] are the most common bacterial forms. [[Anaerobic bacteria]] can also be a rare cause.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Brook I | title = Pericarditis caused by anaerobic bacteria | journal = International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents | volume = 33 | issue = 4 | pages = 297–300 | date = April 2009 | pmid = 18789852 | doi = 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2008.06.033 }}</ref> Fungal pericarditis is usually due to [[histoplasmosis]], or in [[immunocompromise]]d hosts [[Aspergillus]], [[Candida (genus)|Candida]], and [[Coccidioides]].{{citation needed|date=March 2014}} The most common cause of pericarditis worldwide is infectious pericarditis with tuberculosis.{{citation needed|date=March 2014}}
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==Treatment==
The treatment in viral or idiopathic pericarditis is with [[aspirin]],<ref name=mk /> or [[non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug]]s (NSAIDs such as [[ibuprofen]]).<ref name=AFP2007/> [[Colchicine]] may be added to the above as it decreases the risk of further episodes of pericarditis.<ref name=AFP2007/><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Alabed S, Cabello JB, Irving GJ, Qintar M, Burls A | title = Colchicine for pericarditis | journal = The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews | volume = 2014 | issue = 8 | pages = CD010652 | date = August 2014 | pmid = 25164988 | doi = 10.1002/14651858.CD010652.pub2 | pmc = 10645160 | url = http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/4043/5/Colchicine%20for%20pericarditis.pdf }}</ref>The drug that helps treat the condition that has developed is aspirin. In this case, the patient is experiencing post-myocardial infarction pericarditis (PIP), which is characterized by chest pain, low-grade fever, and specific findings on physical examination and electrocardiogram. Aspirin is the drug of choice for PIP and is usually already prescribed for secondary prevention following a myocardial infarction. Aspirin acts as an anti-inflammatory drug and helps alleviate the symptoms of pericarditis
Severe cases may require one or more of the following:{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}
* [[antibiotic]]s to treat tuberculosis or other bacterial causes
* [[steroid]]s are used in acute pericarditis but are not favored
* [[pericardiocentesis]] to treat a large pericardial effusion causing tamponade
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