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{{Infobox officeholder
|native_name = {{nobold|{{lang|ru|Владимир Жириновский}}}}
|image =
|caption =
|office = Leader of the [[Liberal Democratic Party of Russia]]
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{{Zhirinovsky sidebar}}
'''Vladimir Volfovich Zhirinovsky''' ({{Lang-ru|Владимир Вольфович Жириновский}}, {{IPA-ru|vlɐˈdʲimʲɪr ˈvolʲfəvʲɪtɕ ʐɨrʲɪˈnofskʲɪj|IPA}}, [[né]] '''Eidelstein''', {{Lang-ru|Эйдельштейн}}; 25 April 1946 – 6 April 2022)<ref name="Steele2022">{{Cite web |last=Steele |first=Jonathan |date=6 April 2022 |title=Vladimir Zhirinovsky obituary |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/apr/06/vladimir-zhirinovsky-obituary |access-date=6 April 2022 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> was a Russian [[right-wing populist]] politician and the leader of the [[Liberal Democratic Party of Russia]] (LDPR) from its creation in 1992 until his death in 2022.<ref name="Steele2022" /><ref name="NYTobit">{{Cite news |last1=MacFarquhar |first1=Neil |last2=Troianovski |first2=Anton |last3=Nechepurenko |first3=Ivan |date=6 April 2022 |title=Vladimir V. Zhirinovsky Dies at 75; Ultranationalist Russian Politician |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/06/world/europe/vladimir-zhirinovsky-dead.html |access-date=6 April 2022 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> He had been a member of the [[State Duma]] since 1993 and leader of the [[List of LDPR deputies in the State Duma|LDPR group]] in the State Duma from 1993 to 2000, and from 2011 to 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Жириновский Владимир Вольфович |url=http://duma.gov.ru/duma/persons/99100142/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180418205733/http://duma.gov.ru/duma/persons/99100142/ |archive-date=18 April 2018 |publisher=[[State Duma]] |lang=ru |accessdate=5 October 2016}}</ref>
He served as a [[Deputy Chairmen of the State Duma|deputy chairman of the State Duma]] from 2000 until 2011. He also worked as a delegate in the [[Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe]] from 1996 to 2008. During his lifetime, Zhirinovsky ran in every single [[Russian presidential elections|Russian presidential election]] apart from in [[2004 Russian presidential election|2004]].
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In July 1964, Zhirinovsky moved from Almaty to Moscow, where he began his studies in the Department of Turkish Studies, [[Institute of Asian and African Countries]] at [[Moscow State University]] (MSU), from which he graduated in 1969. Additionally, he studied law and international relations at the [[Institute of Marxism-Leninism]].<ref name="NYTobit" /> Zhirinovsky entered [[military service]] in [[Tbilisi]] during the early 1970s and worked at posts in state committees and unions. He was awarded a [[Doktor nauk|Dr.Sci.]] in philosophy by MSU in 1998.<ref>[http://www.panorama.ru/works/oe/zhirinoe.html Zhirinovsky Vladimir Volfovich] Panorama.ru</ref>
Although he participated in some reformist groups, Zhirinovsky was not well known in Soviet political developments during the 1980s. While he contemplated a role in politics, a nomination attempt for a seat as a People's Deputy in 1989 was quickly abandoned.<ref>[http://www.panorama.ru/works/oe/zhirinoe.html Zhirinovsky Vladimir Volfovich] Panorama.ru</ref> In 1989, he served as a director of Shalom, a Jewish cultural organization; unknown in Jewish circles before, he is thought to have been invited to join by the [[Anti-Zionist Committee of the Soviet Public]], but subsequently forcefully opposed its influence in the group.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/12/16/world/the-russian-vote-in-moscow-zhirinovsky-is-remembered-as-jewish-advocate.html|title=THE RUSSIAN VOTE; In Moscow, Zhirinovsky Is Remembered as Jewish Advocate|last=Schmemann|first=Serge|date=16 December 1993|work=The New York Times|access-date=19 March 2018}}</ref>
===Jewish heritage===
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Zhirinovsky had a history of personal violence in political contexts. In his debate with [[Boris Nemtsov]] in 1995, Zhirinovsky threw a glass of orange juice at him on live television.<ref>{{in lang|ru}} [http://www.vesti.ru/news.html?id=34546 Жириновский снова брызнул соком] from Vesti.ru</ref> In 2003, he engaged in a fistfight following a television debate with [[Mikhail Delyagin]].<ref>[http://www.eng.yabloko.ru/Publ/2003/PAPERS/11/031124_mt.html Zhirinovsky Gets Into Fistfight After Televised Election Debate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070101062015/http://www.eng.yabloko.ru/Publ/2003/PAPERS/11/031124_mt.html |date=1 January 2007 }}, ''[[The Moscow Times]]'', 24 November 2003 (mirrored by yabloko.ru)</ref> In 2005, Zhirinovsky ignited [[Legislative violence|a brawl in parliament]] by spitting at [[Rodina (political party)|Rodina]] party legislator [[Andrei Saveliyev]].<ref>[http://newsfromrussia.com/main/2005/03/30/58932.html Flamboyant Russian lawmaker in parliament chamber brawl] {{webarchive|url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20050420141420/http://newsfromrussia.com/main/2005/03/30/58932.html |date=20 April 2005 }} News from Russia</ref> In 2008, he showed himself shooting a rifle at targets representing his political rivals.<ref name="nuclear" />
In 2005, Zhirinovsky, at one of the meetings of the [[4th State Duma|State Duma of the fourth convocation]], publicly expressed disagreement with the result of the parliamentary elections in the [[Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug]], where [[United Russia]] won, and demonstratively left the meeting room. Passing by the [[Rodina (political party)|Rodina]] faction, he got into an argument with [[:ru:Викторов, Иван Кириллович|Ivan Viktorov]]. Viktorov's colleague [[Andrey Savelyev]], commenting on the dispute between Zhirinovsky and Viktorov, noted that "spittle is flying": in response to this, Zhirinovsky spat at Savelyev, and a fight immediately broke out with the participation of members of the LDPR (including [[Sergey Abeltsev]]). As [[NTV (Russia)|NTV]] channel reporter [[Alexey Pivovarov]] reported, some time ago, Savelyev had already had a fight with Zhirinovsky on television during a discussion of a national issue. The then-head of the Rodina faction, [[Dmitry Rogozin]], demanded that Zhirinovsky be deprived of his post as vice-speaker of the State Duma and that a criminal case be opened against him, and Savelyev filed a statement with the prosecutor's office.<ref>{{
During the 2008 televised presidential debate, Zhirinovsky threatened Nikolai Gotsa, representative of [[Democratic Party of Russia]] candidate [[Andrei Vladimirovich Bogdanov|Andrei Bogdanov]], with violence, saying he was going to "smash his head" and ordering his bodyguard to "shoot that bastard over there in the corridor". Gotsa sued Zhirinovsky in civil court for 1 million rubles (approximately US$38,000) in damages and was eventually awarded 30,000 rubles (approximately US$1,150).<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.kommersant.ru/doc.aspx?docsid=1033615 |title=Vladimir Zhirinovsky chose 30,000 rubles' worth of expressions|date=30 September 2008 |publisher=[[Kommersant]] |access-date=3 October 2008}}</ref>
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===Donkey video for 2012 presidential election===
{{main|Vladimir Zhirinovsky's donkey video}}
On 6 February 2012, Zhirinovsky released a 30-second election video on the Internet that featured him on a sleigh harnessed to a black [[donkey]] representing the country. The video was widely discussed on the Internet,{{cn|date=February 2023}} and received mostly negative reactions from Russian users.<ref name=profi-forex>{{cite web|last=Шалимова|first=Мария|script-title=ru:В сети представлен ролик "Жириновский и будет лучше!"|language=ru|trans-title="Zhirinovsky And It Will Get Better" advertisement appears on the web|url=http://www.profi-forex.org/news/entry1008104857.html|publisher=profi-forex.org|access-date=5 April 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130415150403/http://www.profi-forex.org/news/entry1008104857.html|archive-date=15 April 2013}}</ref> Organizations like [[People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals]] (PETA) and the [[World Society for the Protection of Animals]] (now known as [[World Animal Protection]]), as well as Russian animal rights activists, accused Zhirinovsky of [[cruelty to animals]]. He responded by saying that similar treatment is commonplace in the [[Arab world]] and that the donkey had been treated "better than many people".<ref name=nr2-20120208>{{cite web|url=https://newdaynews.ru/election/371706.html|language=ru|title=WSPA и PETA обвинили Жириновского в жестоком обращении с ослом|date=8 February 2012|trans-title
=== Sanctions ===
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===Illness and death===
In February 2022, Zhirinovsky was hospitalized in [[critical condition]] in [[Moscow]] with [[COVID-19]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/russia-zhirinovsky-hospitalized-covid/31694843.html|title=Russian Ultranationalist Zhirinovsky Reportedly Hospitalized In Serious Condition With COVID|newspaper=Radiofreeeurope/Radioliberty |publisher=Radio Free Europe|accessdate=25 March 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1075119.html|title=Russian State Duma legislator Vladimir Zhirinovsky hospitalized in serious condition in Moscow|date=9 February 2022 |publisher=Armen Press|accessdate=25 March 2022}}</ref> In March, he was reportedly placed in a [[medically induced coma]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Умер Владимир Жириновский |url=https://ria.ru/20220325/zhirinovsky-1780024705.html |website=ria.ru |date=25 March 2022 |access-date=25 March 2022}}</ref> and underwent treatment for COVID-19 complications such as [[sepsis]] and [[respiratory failure]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://akipress.com/news:669356:Vladimir_Zhirinovsky_reported_dead,_Duma_Speaker_denies_reports/|title=Vladimir Zhirinovsky reported dead, Duma Speaker denies reports|publisher=AKI Press|accessdate=25 March 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.am/eng/news/692372.html|title=Telegram Channel 112: Vladimir Zhirinovsky is in a critical condition|publisher=News.Am|accessdate=25 March 2022}}</ref> Zhirinovsky claimed to have been vaccinated against COVID-19 eight times.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/apr/06/russian-far-right-politician-vladimir-zhirinovsky-dies-at-75|title=Russian far-right politician Vladimir Zhirinovsky dies at 75|website=The Guardian|date=6 April 2022}}</ref>
On 25 March 2022, Zhirinovsky was reported to have died in a hospital. Despite confirmation from several sources, including his own political party, the news was quickly denied by family members.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/russian/features-60308294|title=СМИ ошибочно сообщили о смерти Жириновского. Минздрав и спикер Госдумы заявили, что он жив|newspaper=BBC News Русская Служба}}</ref> On 6 April 2022, [[Vyacheslav Volodin]], the [[Chairman of the State Duma|Speaker of the Duma]], announced that Zhirinovsky had died following a long illness. He was 75.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/russian-far-right-politician-vladimir-zhirinovsky-has-died-parliament-speaker-2022-04-06/|title=Russian far-right politician Vladimir Zhirinovsky dies at 75|date=6 April 2022|website=[[Reuters]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2022/04/06/vladimir-zhirinovsky-far-right-court-jester-of-russian-politics-dies-at-75-a77240|title=Vladimir Zhirinovsky, Far-Right Court Jester of Russian Politics, Dies at 75|date=6 April 2022|website=[[The Moscow Times]]}}</ref> In a statement after Zhirinovsky died, president [[Vladimir Putin]] said he "always defended his patriotic position and Russia's interests before any audience and in the fiercest of debates".<ref name="NYTobit"/>
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